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scsiformat(8) Scsiinfo User's Guide scsiformat(8)
NAME
scsiformat - low level format an scsi disk device
SYNOPSIS
scsiformat [-options...] device
DESCRIPTION
Low level formats the SCSI device identified by the scsi disk or generic scsi device node
device. You must be root to perform this operation. scsiformat will ask a simple ques-
tion to get your confirmation and check if partitions on device are still mounted. Possi-
ble swap spaces on device are swapoff(8)'ed prior to formatting.
During formatting a file like /tmp/scsiformat.xx:xx:xx:xx:xxxxxxxx is used to hold some
status information.
OPTIONS
scsiformat supports the following option switches:
a) Controlling a/synchronous operation
-b n block during the format operation. This makes any display of real progress indica-
tors impossible. However, cheesy SCSI devices will need it. Scsiformat assumes
that the operation will need about n seconds and provides some progress indication
according to that. -b0 does not print any process indication, just sits and blocks
until formatting completes.
Read the BUGS section below!
-T just check for a running format command and output statistics. A file /tmp/scsi-
format.* is used to hold the starting time of the format operation. If formatting
completed, this file is removed by the formatting scsiformat call (which forks of a
child just for this purpose). The exit state of scsiformat is true as long as the
format operation is still in progress. A left over /tmp/scsiformat.* file will
make scsiformat think a program still runs. It will not accept and remove files
older than 48h nevertheless.
-t n check progress every n seconds (default is 5). -t0 makes scsiformat return without
displaying progress.
b) Interleave factor
-i n sets the sector interleave factor to be used. Usually you should stick with the de-
fault -i0 which selects a vendor specific default.
c) Initialisation pattern
By default the target will initialise the formatted sectors with a vendor specific test
pattern.
-I sequence of bytes in hex
the bytes given in hex characters are repeated and used to init all blocks on the
device.
-L The first four bytes of each logical block are set to the number of the logical
block.
-P The first four bytes of each physical block are set to the number of logical block,
it will occur in.
c) Defect management
-e Erase the grown defect list prior to formatting. You can issue new defects for the
grown defect list nevertheless and media certification may add defects too.
-p Ignore the vendor's primary defect list. This is not recommended as the vendor
probably had a reason to specify these primary defects.
-c Do not perform a media surface certification. This may speed up formatting but is
also not recommended.
-s Stop when unable to access primary or grown defects due to some internal error in
the target device. When not given, formatting continues but returns a recovered er-
ror upon completion. (Which is probably not well supported by scsiformat).
-S Erase MODE SELECT settings stored in NVRAM. These are those you can set with scsi-
info(8) or scsi-config(8).
-d int, ...
A comma separated list of logical blocks to mark as defect. Using this defect for-
mat is discouraged as there no clear concept of what a logical block is here be-
cause the format command may move around logical blocks and change the number of
available blocks.
The number can be preceded by 0 or 0x for octal or hexadecimal notation.
-D int:int:int, ...
A comma separated list of expressions of the form C:H:S specifying a defect at
physical location Cylinder:Head:Sector. A Sector S of -1 marks the whole track as
bad.
The number can be preceded by 0 or 0x for octal or hexadecimal notation.
-B int:int:int, ...
A comma separated list of expressions of the from C:H:B specifying defects at
Cylinder:Head:Bytes from Index. Again, a Bytes from Index value B of -1 marks the
whole track as bad.
The number can be preceded by 0 or 0x for octal or hexadecimal notation.
You can specify more than one of the -d, -D, -B options but you must stick to one defect
format!
d) Simple partitioning
For your convenience, scsiformat allow to preset the partition table in a simple way which
often suffices for removable medias. This is not intended as a replacement for fdisk(8)
though.
-f arg perform simple partitioning. -fdos sets up begin and start of the partition on
cylinder boundaries. -ftight does use as much of the disk as possible (but may
confuse OS's other than Linux).
If you do not specify -f at all, scsiformat will not initialise the partition ta-
ble. As it has to tell the kernel that the disk was reformatted and the kernel will
try to to read the partition table, you are like to get some kernel warnings then.
-G headsxsectors
set the disk geometry (Heads x Sectors) as DOS will see it for use in the partition
table. If you don't specify it, scsiformat will ask the kernel what it thinks DOS
will get from the adapters BIOS. This call might fail or return bogus data though.
A wrong setting will not affect linux, but other OS's and esp. DOS and the BIOS
(for booting).
-y type
set the type for the partition to set. type is a two digit hex number. See
fdisk(8),command t for a list. Defaults to 83 (Linux native).
-M size
Create a primary partition number 1 of maximal size sizeMB. When size is 0, no
partition is created, and thus the partition table is simply initialised to be
valid (but empty). If the size exceeds the disk capacity, a partition as large as
possible is made. Defaults to 99999.
e) Miscellaneous
-H print some command line help to stdout.
-v print version information.
-F arg forced operation, do not ask prior to format. arg must be
'Ene Mene Meck, und Du bist weg!' with proper spaces and capitalisation. (this is
a German child rhyme kissing someone goodbye...)
-V print some debugging information.
-X all output is printed in numerics, useful for GUI interfaces like tk_scsiformat(8).
Also makes all operations non blocking. (By forking of a child process for those
scsi operations which would block).
-o The settings of the flags -c, -p, -s, -S, -I, -L, -P are obeyed. If you specify
one of these, -o is silently added. Without -o or one of these flags some factory
default is used. Specifying -o explicitly will allow you to not use any of these
options which might not be the default chosen by the target device otherwise.
RETURN CODES
Apart from the codes returned by the -T flag, scsiformat will generally return 1 for sys-
tem errors, 2 for user errors, and 0 for successful operation.
BUGS
Old status files in /tmp will confuse the -T option. However, they are removed after 48
hours.
I was unable to get hold of a disk supporting querying the progress status (and which I
could stand to lose all data on). Therefore I commented out the support for this from the
source code using a BLOCKING_ONLY#define. You are welcome to try and make this work.
Restrictions of the SCSI_IOCTL_SEND_COMMAND ioctl(2) call for the sd(4) device make it im-
possible to issue a FORMAT_UNIT command with more than 4096 bytes of arguments. This could
be avoided by using the proper generic scsi device /dev/sg* instead, at least where the
kernel is compiled to support it. Most of the time this is not needed though and thus I'm
myself to lazy to do it.
FILES
/tmp/scsiformat.xx:xx:xx:xx:xxxxxxxx
/dev/sd*
/dev/sg*
SEE ALSO
tk_scsiformat(8), scsiinfo(8), scsi-config(8), fdisk(8), sd(4).
AUTHOR
Michael Weller <eowmob AT exp-math.de>
scsiinfo 1.7 23 August 1997 scsiformat(8)
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