2026-05-25 02:07 @216.73.216.66 CrawledBy Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)
30-systemd-environment-d-generator (8) - Load variables specified by environm... tc-pie (8) - Proportional Integral controller-Enhanced AQM algorithm a2disconf (8) - enable or disable an apache2 configuration file a2dismod (8) - enable or disable an apache2 module a2dissite (8) - enable or disable an apache2 site / virtual host a2enconf (8) - enable or disable an apache2 configuration file a2enmod (8) - enable or disable an apache2 module a2ensite (8) - enable or disable an apache2 site / virtual host aa-remove-unknown (8) - remove unknown AppArmor profiles aa-status (8) - display various information about the current AppArmor... aa-teardown (8) - unload all AppArmor profiles accessdb (8) - dumps the content of a man-db database in a human read... accton (8) - turns process accounting on or off tc-actions (8) - independently defined actions in tc add-shell (8) - add shells to the list of valid login shells addgnupghome (8) - Create .gnupg home directories addgroup (8) - add a user or group to the system addpart (8) - tell the kernel about the existence of a partition adduser (8) - add a user or group to the system agetty (8) - alternative Linux getty anvil (8postfix) - Postfix session count and request rate control ap (8mh) - nmh parser of RFC 822-style addresses apache2 (8) - Apache Hypertext Transfer Protocol Server apache2ctl (8) - Apache HTTP server control interface apachectl (8) - Apache HTTP server control interface apparmor_parser (8) - loads AppArmor profiles into the kernel apparmor_status (8) - display various information about the current AppArmor... applygnupgdefaults (8) - Run gpgconf --apply-defaults for all users. apt (8) - command-line interface apt-cache (8) - query the APT cache apt-cdrom (8) - APT CD-ROM management utility apt-config (8) - APT Configuration Query program apt-get (8) - APT package handling utility -- command-line interface apt-key (8) - Deprecated APT key management utility apt-mark (8) - show, set and unset various settings for a package apt-secure (8) - Archive authentication support for APT aptitude (8) - high-level interface to the package manager aptitude-curses (8) - high-level interface to the package manager arp (8) - manipulate the system ARP cache arpd (8) - userspace arp daemon. arping (8) - sends arp and/or ip pings to a given host arptables-nft (8) - ARP table administration (nft-based) arptables-nft-restore (8) - Restore ARP Tables (nft-based) arptables-nft-save (8) - dump arptables rules to stdout (nft-based) aspell-autobuildhash (8) - Autobuilding aspell hash files for some dicts atd (8) - run jobs queued for later execution auth-otp (8) - generate HOTP/TOTP secrets for mod_auth_otp ProFTPD mo... badblocks (8) - search a device for bad blocks tc-basic (8) - basic traffic control filter bcache-super-show (8) - Print the bcache superblock tc-pfifo (8) - Packet limited First In, First Out queue biosdecode (8) - BIOS information decoder blkdeactivate (8) - utility to deactivate block devices blkdiscard (8) - discard sectors on a device blkid (8) - locate/print block device attributes blkmapd (8) - pNFS block layout mapping daemon blkzone (8) - run zone command on a device blockdev (8) - call block device ioctls from the command line boltd (8) - thunderbolt device managing system daemon bounce (8postfix) - Postfix delivery status reports tc-bpf (8) - BPF programmable classifier and actions for ingress/eg... bridge (8) - show / manipulate bridge addresses and devices btrfs (8) - a toolbox to manage btrfs filesystems btrfs-balance (8) - balance block groups on a btrfs filesystem btrfs-check (8) - check or repair a btrfs filesystem btrfs-convert (8) - convert from ext2/3/4 or reiserfs filesystem to btrfs ... btrfs-device (8) - manage devices of btrfs filesystems btrfs-filesystem (8) - command group that primarily does work on the whole fi... btrfs-find-root (8) - filter to find btrfs root btrfs-image (8) - create/restore an image of the filesystem btrfs-inspect-internal (8) - query various internal information btrfs-map-logical (8) - map btrfs logical extent to physical extent btrfs-property (8) - get/set/list properties for given filesystem object btrfs-qgroup (8) - control the quota group of a btrfs filesystem btrfs-quota (8) - control the global quota status of a btrfs filesystem btrfs-receive (8) - receive subvolumes from send stream btrfs-replace (8) - replace devices managed by btrfs with other device. btrfs-rescue (8) - Recover a damaged btrfs filesystem btrfs-restore (8) - try to restore files from a damaged btrfs filesystem i... btrfs-scrub (8) - scrub btrfs filesystem, verify block checksums btrfs-select-super (8) - overwrite primary superblock with a backup copy btrfs-send (8) - generate a stream of changes between two subvolume sna... btrfs-subvolume (8) - manage btrfs subvolumes btrfsck (8) - check or repair a btrfs filesystem btrfstune (8) - tune various filesystem parameters cache_check (8) - validates cache metadata on a device or file. cache_dump (8) - dump cache metadata from device or file to standard ou... cache_metadata_size (8) - Estimate the size of the metadata device needed for... cache_repair (8) - repair cache binary metadata from device/file to devic... cache_restore (8) - restore cache metadata file to device or file. cache_writeback (8) - writeback dirty blocks to the origin device. cachefilesd (8) - CacheFiles userspace management daemon tc-cake (8) - Common Applications Kept Enhanced (CAKE) catman (8) - create or update the pre-formatted manual pages tc-cbq-details (8) - Class Based Queueing tc-cbs (8) - Credit Based Shaper (CBS) Qdisc cfdisk (8) - display or manipulate a disk partition table cgconfigparser (8) - setup control group file system cgdisk (8) - Curses-based GUID partition table (GPT) manipulator tc-cgroup (8) - control group based traffic control filter cgrulesengd (8) - control group rules daemon chcpu (8) - configure CPUs check_forensic (8) - tool to extract mod_log_forensic output from apache lo... checkgid (8) - checks the gid chgpasswd (8) - update group passwords in batch mode chmem (8) - configure memory tc-choke (8) - choose and keep scheduler chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode chpst (8) - runs a program with a changed process state chroot (8) - run command or interactive shell with special root dir... cleanup (8postfix) - canonicalize and enqueue Postfix message tc-fq_codel (8) - Fair Queuing (FQ) with Controlled Delay (CoDel) tc-connmark (8) - netfilter connmark retriever action cpgr (8) - copy with locking the given file to the password or gr... cppw (8) - copy with locking the given file to the password or gr... cron (8) - daemon to execute scheduled commands (Vixie Cron) cryptdisks_start (8) - wrapper around cryptsetup that parses /etc/crypttab. cryptdisks_stop (8) - wrapper around cryptsetup that parses /etc/crypttab. cryptsetup (8) - manage plain dm-crypt and LUKS encrypted volumes cryptsetup-reencrypt (8) - tool for offline LUKS device re-encryption cryptsetup-ssh (8) - manage LUKS2 SSH token tc-csum (8) - checksum update action tc-ct (8) - tc connection tracking action tc-ctinfo (8) - tc connmark processing action ctrlaltdel (8) - set the function of the Ctrl-Alt-Del combination ctstat (8) - unified linux network statistics dcb (8) - show / manipulate DCB (Data Center Bridging) settings dcb-app (8) - show / manipulate application priority table of the DC... dcb-buffer (8) - show / manipulate port buffer settings of the DCB (Dat... dcb-dcbx (8) - show / manipulate port DCBX (Data Center Bridging eXch... dcb-ets (8) - show / manipulate ETS (Enhanced Transmission Selection... dcb-maxrate (8) - show / manipulate port maxrate settings of the DCB (Da... dcb-pfc (8) - show / manipulate PFC (Priority-based Flow Control) se... debugfs (8) - ext2/ext3/ext4 file system debugger defer (8postfix) - Postfix delivery status reports delgroup (8) - remove a user or group from the system deliverquota (8) - deliver to a maildir with a quota deliverquota.maildrop (8) - deliver to a maildir with a quota delpart (8) - tell the kernel to forget about a partition deluser (8) - remove a user or group from the system depmod (8) - Generate modules.dep and map files. devlink (8) - Devlink tool devlink-dev (8) - devlink device configuration devlink-dpipe (8) - devlink dataplane pipeline visualization devlink-health (8) - devlink health reporting and recovery devlink-monitor (8) - state monitoring devlink-port (8) - devlink port configuration devlink-rate (8) - devlink rate management devlink-region (8) - devlink address region access devlink-resource (8) - devlink device resource configuration devlink-sb (8) - devlink shared buffer configuration devlink-trap (8) - devlink trap configuration dhclient (8) - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client dhclient-script (8) - DHCP client network configuration script dirmngr (8) - CRL and OCSP daemon discard (8postfix) - Postfix discard mail delivery agent dkms (8) - Dynamic Kernel Module Support dmeventd (8) - Device-mapper event daemon dmidecode (8) - DMI table decoder dmsetup (8) - low level logical volume management dmstats (8) - device-mapper statistics management dnsblog (8postfix) - Postfix DNS allow/denylist logger do-release-upgrade (8) - upgrade operating system to latest release dosfsck (8) - check and repair MS-DOS FAT filesystems dosfslabel (8) - set or get MS-DOS filesystem label or volume ID dp (8mh) - nmh parser of RFC 822-style dates dpkg-preconfigure (8) - let packages ask questions prior to their installation dpkg-reconfigure (8) - reconfigure an already installed package tc-drr (8) - deficit round robin scheduler dump-acct (8) - print an acct file in human-readable format. dump-utmp (8) - print an utmp file in human-readable format. dumpe2fs (8) - dump ext2/ext3/ext4 file system information e2freefrag (8) - report free space fragmentation information e2fsck (8) - check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system e2image (8) - Save critical ext2/ext3/ext4 file system metadata to a... e2label (8) - Change the label on an ext2/ext3/ext4 file system e2mmpstatus (8) - Check MMP status of an ext4 file system e2scrub (8) - check the contents of a mounted ext[234] file system e2scrub_all (8) - check all mounted ext[234] file systems for errors. e2undo (8) - Replay an undo log for an ext2/ext3/ext4 file system e4crypt (8) - ext4 file system encryption utility e4defrag (8) - online defragmenter for ext4 file system ebtables-nft (8) - Ethernet bridge frame table administration (nft-based) ebtables-nft-restore (8) - iptables using nftables kernel api ebtables-nft-save (8) - iptables using nftables kernel api tc-ematch (8) - extended matches for use with "basic", "cgroup" or "fl... envdir (8) - runs another program with environment modified accordi... envuidgid (8) - runs another program with environment variables indica... era_check (8) - validate era metadata on device or file. era_dump (8) - dump era metadata from device or file to standard output. era_invalidate (8) - Provide a list of blocks that have changed since a par... era_restore (8) - restore era metadata file to device or file. error (8postfix) - Postfix error/retry mail delivery agent tc-etf (8) - Earliest TxTime First (ETF) Qdisc ethtool (8) - query or control network driver and hardware settings tc-ets (8) - Enhanced Transmission Selection scheduler faillock (8) - Tool for displaying and modifying the authentication f... faillog (8) - display faillog records or set login failure limits fatlabel (8) - set or get MS-DOS filesystem label or volume ID fcgistarter (8) - Start a FastCGI program fdisk (8) - manipulate disk partition table fghack (8) - is an anti-backgrounding tool. filefrag (8) - report on file fragmentation findfs (8) - find a filesystem by label or UUID findmnt (8) - find a filesystem fixparts (8) - MBR partition table repair utility tc-flow (8) - flow based traffic control filter tc-flower (8) - flow based traffic control filter flush (8postfix) - Postfix fast flush server fmtdump (8mh) - decode nmh's mh-format(5) files fping (8) - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts fping6 (8) - backwards compatibility with fping below version 4.0 tc-fq (8) - Fair Queue traffic policing tc-fq_pie (8) - Flow Queue Proportional Integral controller Enhanced fsadm (8) - utility to resize or check filesystem on a device fsck (8) - check and repair a Linux filesystem fsck.btrfs (8) - do nothing, successfully fsck.cramfs (8) - fsck compressed ROM file system fsck.ext2 (8) - check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system fsck.ext3 (8) - check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system fsck.ext4 (8) - check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system fsck.fat (8) - check and repair MS-DOS FAT filesystems fsck.minix (8) - check consistency of Minix filesystem fsck.msdos (8) - check and repair MS-DOS FAT filesystems fsck.vfat (8) - check and repair MS-DOS FAT filesystems fsck.xfs (8) - do nothing, successfully fsfreeze (8) - suspend access to a filesystem (Ext3/4, ReiserFS, JFS,... fstab-decode (8) - run a command with fstab-encoded arguments fstrim (8) - discard unused blocks on a mounted filesystem ftpasswd (8) - manipulates ProFTPD authentication files ftpdctl (8) - ProFTPD control program ftpscrub (8) - scrub the proftpd scoreboard file of stale entries ftpshut (8) - shut down all proftpd servers at a given time ftpstats (8) - FTP Log summarizer mount.fuse3 (8) - configuration and mount options for FUSE file systems tc-fw (8) - fwmark traffic control filter tc-gate (8) - Stream Gate Action gdisk (8) - Interactive GUID partition table (GPT) manipulator genccode (8) - generate C or platform specific assembly code from an ... gencmn (8) - generate an ICU memory-mappable data file genl (8) - generic netlink utility frontend gensprep (8) - compile StringPrep data from files filtered by filterR... getcap (8) - examine file capabilities getkeycodes (8) - print kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table getpcaps (8) - display process capabilities getty (8) - alternative Linux getty gradm2 (8) - Administration program for the grsecurity RBAC system grlearn (8) - Automatic learning daemon for grsecurity RBAC system groupadd (8) - create a new group groupdel (8) - delete a group groupmems (8) - administer members of a user's primary group groupmod (8) - modify a group definition on the system grpck (8) - verify integrity of group files grpconv (8) - convert to and from shadow passwords and groups grpunconv (8) - convert to and from shadow passwords and groups grub-bios-setup (8) - set up a device to boot using GRUB grub-install (8) - install GRUB to a device grub-macbless (8) - bless a mac file/directory grub-mkconfig (8) - generate a GRUB configuration file grub-mkdevicemap (8) - make a device map file automatically grub-probe (8) - probe device information for GRUB grub-reboot (8) - set the default boot entry for GRUB, for the next boot... grub-set-default (8) - set the saved default boot entry for GRUB gssd (8) - RPCSEC_GSS daemon halt (8) - Halt, power-off or reboot the machine hdparm (8) - get/set SATA/IDE device parameters tc-hfsc (8) - Hierarchical Fair Service Curve's control under linux hg-ssh (8) - restricted ssh login shell for Mercurial tc-htb (8) - Hierarchy Token Bucket htcacheclean (8) - Clean up the disk cache hwclock (8) - time clocks utility i386 (8) - change reported architecture in new program environmen... icmpinfo (8) - interpret ICMP messages iconvconfig (8) - create iconv module configuration cache icupkg (8) - extract or modify an ICU .dat archive idmapd (8) - NFSv4 ID <-> Name Mapper ifcfg (8) - simplistic script which replaces ifconfig IP management ifconfig (8) - configure a network interface ifdown (8) - take a network interface down tc-ife (8) - encapsulate/decapsulate metadata ifenslave (8) - Attach and detach slave network devices to a bonding d... ifenslave-2.6 (8) - Attach and detach slave network devices to a bonding d... ifquery (8) - parse interface configuration iftop (8) - display bandwidth usage on an interface by host ifup (8) - bring a network interface up runit-init (8) - a UNIX process no 1 insmod (8) - Simple program to insert a module into the Linux Kernel install-mh (8mh) - initialize the nmh environment install-sgmlcatalog (8) - maintain transitional SGML catalog installkernel (8) - install a new kernel image integritysetup (8) - manage dm-integrity (block level integrity) volumes intro (8) - introduction to administration and privileged commands invoke-rc.d (8) - executes System-V style init script actions invoke-run (8) - runscript interpreter iotop (8) - simple top-like I/O monitor iotop-py (8) - simple top-like I/O monitor ip (8) - show / manipulate routing, network devices, interfaces... ip-address (8) - protocol address management ip-addrlabel (8) - protocol address label management ip-fou (8) - Foo-over-UDP receive port configuration ip-gue (8) - Generic UDP Encapsulation receive port configuration ip-ioam (8) - IPv6 In-situ OAM (IOAM) ip-l2tp (8) - L2TPv3 static unmanaged tunnel configuration ip-link (8) - network device configuration ip-macsec (8) - MACsec device configuration ip-maddress (8) - multicast addresses management ip-monitor (8) - state monitoring ip-mptcp (8) - MPTCP path manager configuration ip-mroute (8) - multicast routing cache management ip-neighbour (8) - neighbour/arp tables management. ip-netconf (8) - network configuration monitoring ip-netns (8) - process network namespace management ip-nexthop (8) - nexthop object management ip-ntable (8) - neighbour table configuration ip-route (8) - routing table management ip-rule (8) - routing policy database management ip-sr (8) - IPv6 Segment Routing management ip-tcp_metrics (8) - management for TCP Metrics ip-token (8) - tokenized interface identifier support ip-tunnel (8) - tunnel configuration ip-vrf (8) - run a command against a vrf ip-xfrm (8) - transform configuration ip6tables (8) - administration tool for IPv4/IPv6 packet filtering and... ip6tables-apply (8) - a safer way to update iptables remotely ip6tables-legacy (8) - iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based kernel api ip6tables-legacy-restore (8) - iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based... ip6tables-legacy-save (8) - iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based ke... ip6tables-nft (8) - iptables using nftables kernel api ip6tables-nft-restore (8) - iptables using nftables kernel api ip6tables-nft-save (8) - iptables using nftables kernel api ip6tables-restore (8) - Restore IPv6 Tables ip6tables-restore-translate (8) - translation tool to migrate from iptables t... ip6tables-save (8) - dump iptables rules ip6tables-translate (8) - translation tool to migrate from ip6tables to nftables ipmievd (8) - IPMI event daemon for sending events to syslog ipmilan (8) - IPMI LAN to System Interface Converter ipset (8) - administration tool for IP sets ipset-translate (8) - translation tool to migrate from ipset to nftables iptables (8) - administration tool for IPv4/IPv6 packet filtering and... iptables-apply (8) - a safer way to update iptables remotely iptables-extensions (8) - list of extensions in the standard iptables distrib... iptables-legacy (8) - iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based kernel api iptables-legacy-restore (8) - iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based ... iptables-legacy-save (8) - iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based ker... iptables-nft (8) - iptables using nftables kernel api iptables-nft-restore (8) - iptables using nftables kernel api iptables-nft-save (8) - iptables using nftables kernel api iptables-restore (8) - Restore IP Tables iptables-restore-translate (8) - translation tool to migrate from iptables to... iptables-save (8) - dump iptables rules iptables-translate (8) - translation tool to migrate from iptables to nftables iptraf-ng (8) - Interactive Colorful IP LAN Monitor iptunnel (8) - Create and manage IP tunnels iscsi-iname (8) - iSCSI initiator name generation tool iscsi_discovery (8) - discover iSCSI targets iscsi_fw_login (8) - Login to all iSCSI Firmware targets iscsiadm (8) - open-iscsi administration utility iscsid (8) - Open-iSCSI daemon iscsistart (8) - iSCSI boot tool isosize (8) - output the length of an iso9660 filesystem ispell-autobuildhash (8) - Autobuilding the ispell hash file for some dicts iucode-tool (8) - Tool to manipulate Intel IA-32/X86-64 microcode bundles iucode_tool (8) - Tool to manipulate Intel IA-32/X86-64 microcode bundles iw (8) - show / manipulate wireless devices and their configura... kbdrate (8) - reset the keyboard repeat rate and delay time kernel-install (8) - Add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and from... key.dns_resolver (8) - upcall for request-key to handle dns_resolver keys killall5 (8) - send a signal to all processes. kmod (8) - Program to manage Linux Kernel modules kpartx (8) - Create device maps from partition tables. lastlog (8) - reports the most recent login of all users or of a giv... ld-linux (8) - dynamic linker/loader ld-linux.so (8) - dynamic linker/loader ld.so (8) - dynamic linker/loader ldattach (8) - attach a line discipline to a serial line ldconfig (8) - configure dynamic linker run-time bindings libnss_systemd.so.2 (8) - UNIX user and group name resolution for user/group ... linux32 (8) - change reported architecture in new program environmen... linux64 (8) - change reported architecture in new program environmen... lmtp (8postfix) - Postfix SMTP+LMTP client lnstat (8) - unified linux network statistics loadunimap (8) - load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table local (8postfix) - Postfix local mail delivery locale-gen (8) - generates localisation files from templates logrotate (8) - rotates, compresses, and mails system logs logsave (8) - save the output of a command in a logfile losetup (8) - set up and control loop devices lowntfs-3g (8) - Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver lsblk (8) - list block devices lsdev (8) - display information about installed hardware lsinitramfs (8) - list content of an initramfs image lslocks (8) - list local system locks lsmod (8) - Show the status of modules in the Linux Kernel lsns (8) - list namespaces lsof (8) - list open files lspci (8) - list all PCI devices lsusb (8) - list USB devices luksformat (8) - Create and format an encrypted LUKS device lvchange (8) - Change the attributes of logical volume(s) lvconvert (8) - Change logical volume layout lvcreate (8) - Create a logical volume lvdisplay (8) - Display information about a logical volume lvextend (8) - Add space to a logical volume lvm (8) - LVM2 tools lvm-config (8) - Display and manipulate configuration information lvm-dumpconfig (8) - Display and manipulate configuration information lvm-fullreport (8) - (unknown subject) lvm-lvpoll (8) - (unknown subject) lvm2-activation-generator (8) - generator for systemd units to activate LVM v... lvmconfig (8) - Display and manipulate configuration information lvmdiskscan (8) - List devices that may be used as physical volumes lvmdump (8) - create lvm2 information dumps for diagnostic purposes lvmpolld (8) - LVM poll daemon lvmsadc (8) - LVM system activity data collector lvmsar (8) - LVM system activity reporter lvreduce (8) - Reduce the size of a logical volume lvremove (8) - Remove logical volume(s) from the system lvrename (8) - Rename a logical volume lvresize (8) - Resize a logical volume lvs (8) - Display information about logical volumes lvscan (8) - List all logical volumes in all volume groups make-bcache (8) - create a cache device make-ssl-cert (8) - Debconf wrapper for openssl mandb (8) - create or update the manual page index caches mapscrn (8) - load screen output mapping table master (8postfix) - Postfix master process tc-matchall (8) - traffic control filter that matches every packet mdadm (8) - manage MD devices aka Linux Software RAID mdmon (8) - monitor MD external metadata arrays mii-tool (8) - view, manipulate media-independent interface status tc-mirred (8) - mirror/redirect action mk-runscript (8) - generate service scripts for runit mk_modmap (8) - translate a Linux keytable file into an xmodmap file mkdosfs (8) - create an MS-DOS FAT filesystem mke2fs (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 file system mkfs (8) - build a Linux filesystem mkfs.bfs (8) - make an SCO bfs filesystem mkfs.btrfs (8) - create a btrfs filesystem mkfs.cramfs (8) - make compressed ROM file system mkfs.ext2 (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 file system mkfs.ext3 (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 file system mkfs.ext4 (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 file system mkfs.fat (8) - create an MS-DOS FAT filesystem mkfs.minix (8) - make a Minix filesystem mkfs.msdos (8) - create an MS-DOS FAT filesystem mkfs.ntfs (8) - create an NTFS file system mkfs.vfat (8) - create an MS-DOS FAT filesystem mkfs.xfs (8) - construct an XFS filesystem mkhomedir_helper (8) - Helper binary that creates home directories mkinitramfs (8) - low-level tool for generating an initramfs image mklost+found (8) - create a lost+found directory on a mounted Linux secon... mkntfs (8) - create an NTFS file system mkswap (8) - set up a Linux swap area ModemManager (8) - mobile broadband modem management daemon modinfo (8) - Show information about a Linux Kernel module modprobe (8) - Add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel mount (8) - mount a filesystem mount.fuse (8) - configuration and mount options for FUSE file systems mount.lowntfs-3g (8) - Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver mount.nfs (8) - mount a Network File System mount.ntfs (8) - Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver mount.ntfs-3g (8) - Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver mountstats (8) - Displays various NFS client per-mount statistics mpathpersist (8) - Manages SCSI persistent reservations on dm multipath d... tc-mpls (8) - mpls manipulation module mpt-status (8) - retrieve configuration and health status from LSI hard... tc-mqprio (8) - Multiqueue Priority Qdisc (Offloaded Hardware QOS) mtr (8) - a network diagnostic tool mtr-packet (8) - send and receive network probes multilog (8) - reads a sequence of lines from stdin and appends selec... multipath (8) - Device mapper target autoconfig. multipathd (8) - Multipath daemon. nameif (8) - name network interfaces based on MAC addresses tc-nat (8) - stateless native address translation action ndisc6 (8) - ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery tool tc-netem (8) - Network Emulator netplan-apply (8) - apply configuration from netplan YAML files to a runni... netplan-dbus (8) - daemon to access netplan's functionality via a DBus API netplan-generate (8) - generate backend configuration from netplan YAML files netplan-get (8) - read merged netplan YAML configuration netplan-info (8) - show available features netplan-ip (8) - retrieve IP information (like DHCP leases) from the sy... netplan-rebind (8) - rebind SR-IOV virtual functions to their driver netplan-set (8) - write netplan YAML configuration snippets to file netplan-status (8) - query networking state of the running system netplan-try (8) - try a configuration, optionally rolling it back netstat (8) - Print network connections, routing tables, interface s... networkd-dispatcher (8) - Dispatcher service for systemd-networkd connection ... newusers (8) - update and create new users in batch nfnl_osf (8) - OS fingerprint loader utility nfsconf (8) - Query various NFS configuration settings nfsiostat (8) - Emulate iostat for NFS mount points using /proc/self/m... nfsstat (8) - list NFS statistics nft (8) - Administration tool of the nftables framework for pack... nftables (8) - Administration tool of the nftables framework for pack... nginx (8) - "HTTP and reverse proxy server, mail proxy server" nologin (8) - politely refuse a login nss-systemd (8) - UNIX user and group name resolution for user/group loo... nstat (8) - network statistics tools. ntfs-3g (8) - Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver ntfs-3g.probe (8) - Probe an NTFS volume mountability ntfscat (8) - print NTFS files and streams on the standard output ntfsclone (8) - Efficiently clone, image, restore or rescue an NTFS ntfscluster (8) - identify files in a specified region of an NTFS volume. ntfscmp (8) - compare two NTFS filesystems and tell the differences ntfscp (8) - copy file to an NTFS volume. ntfsdecrypt (8) - decrypt or update NTFS files encrypted according to EFS ntfsfallocate (8) - preallocate space to a file on an NTFS volume ntfsfix (8) - fix common errors and force Windows to check NTFS ntfsinfo (8) - dump a file's attributes ntfslabel (8) - display/change the label on an ntfs file system ntfsls (8) - list directory contents on an NTFS filesystem ntfsprogs (8) - tools for doing neat things with NTFS ntfsrecover (8) - Recover updates committed by Windows on an NTFS volume ntfsresize (8) - resize an NTFS filesystem without data loss ntfssecaudit (8) - NTFS Security Data Auditing ntfstruncate (8) - truncate a file on an NTFS volume ntfsundelete (8) - recover a deleted file from an NTFS volume. ntfsusermap (8) - NTFS Building a User Mapping File ntfswipe (8) - overwrite unused space on an NTFS volume ntp-keygen (8) - Create a NTP host key ntp-wait (8) - Wait for ntpd to stabilize the system clock ntpd (8) - NTP daemon program ntpdate (8) - set the date and time via NTP ntpdate-debian (8) - set the date and time via NTP ntptime (8) - read kernel time variables oqmgr (8postfix) - old Postfix queue manager overlayroot-chroot (8) - chroot into the lower filesystem in a writable mode ownership (8) - Compaq ownership tag retriever pam-auth-update (8) - manage PAM configuration using packaged profiles pam_access (8) - PAM module for logdaemon style login access control pam_cap (8) - PAM module to set inheritable capabilities pam_debug (8) - PAM module to debug the PAM stack pam_deny (8) - The locking-out PAM module pam_echo (8) - PAM module for printing text messages pam_exec (8) - PAM module which calls an external command pam_extrausers (8) - Module for libnss-extrausers authentication pam_faildelay (8) - Change the delay on failure per-application pam_faillock (8) - Module counting authentication failures during a speci... pam_filter (8) - PAM filter module pam_ftp (8) - PAM module for anonymous access module pam_getenv (8) - get environment variables from /etc/environment pam_google_authenticator (8) - PAM module for Google two-factor authentication pam_group (8) - PAM module for group access pam_issue (8) - PAM module to add issue file to user prompt pam_keyinit (8) - Kernel session keyring initialiser module pam_lastlog (8) - PAM module to display date of last login and perform i... pam_limits (8) - PAM module to limit resources pam_listfile (8) - deny or allow services based on an arbitrary file pam_localuser (8) - require users to be listed in /etc/passwd pam_loginuid (8) - Record user's login uid to the process attribute pam_mail (8) - Inform about available mail pam_mkhomedir (8) - PAM module to create users home directory pam_motd (8) - Display the motd file pam_namespace (8) - PAM module for configuring namespace for a session pam_namespace_helper (8) - Helper binary that creates home directories pam_nologin (8) - Prevent non-root users from login pam_permit (8) - The promiscuous module pam_pwhistory (8) - PAM module to remember last passwords pam_rhosts (8) - The rhosts PAM module pam_rootok (8) - Gain only root access pam_securetty (8) - Limit root login to special devices pam_sepermit (8) - PAM module to allow/deny login depending on SELinux en... pam_setquota (8) - PAM module to set or modify disk quotas on session start pam_shells (8) - PAM module to check for valid login shell pam_succeed_if (8) - test account characteristics pam_systemd (8) - Register user sessions in the systemd login manager pam_time (8) - PAM module for time control access pam_timestamp (8) - Authenticate using cached successful authentication at... pam_timestamp_check (8) - Check to see if the default timestamp is valid pam_tty_audit (8) - Enable or disable TTY auditing for specified users pam_umask (8) - PAM module to set the file mode creation mask pam_unix (8) - Module for traditional password authentication pam_userdb (8) - PAM module to authenticate against a db database pam_usertype (8) - check if the authenticated user is a system or regular... pam_warn (8) - PAM module which logs all PAM items if called pam_wheel (8) - Only permit root access to members of group wheel pam_xauth (8) - PAM module to forward xauth keys between users paperconfig (8) - configure the system default paper size parted (8) - a partition manipulation program partprobe (8) - inform the OS of partition table changes partx (8) - tell the kernel about the presence and numbering of on... passenger-memory-stats (8) - reports a snapshot of the Apache and Phusion Pas... passenger-status (8) - inspect Phusion Passenger's internal status tc-pedit (8) - generic packet editor action tc-pfifo_fast (8) - three-band first in, first out queue pgrphack (8) - runs a program in a separate process group. pickup (8postfix) - Postfix local mail pickup pidof (8) - find the process ID of a running program. ping (8) - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts ping4 (8) - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts ping6 (8) - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts pipe (8postfix) - Postfix delivery to external command pivot_root (8) - change the root filesystem pklocalauthority (8) - PolicyKit Local Authority plipconfig (8) - fine tune PLIP device parameters plymouth (8) - A graphical boot system and logger plymouthd (8) - The plymouth daemon tc-police (8) - policing action polkit (8) - Authorization Framework polkitd (8) - PolicyKit daemon post (8mh) - deliver an nmh message postfix-add-filter (8) - add filter service to Postfix master.cf postfix-add-policy (8) - add policy service to Postfix master.cf postlogd (8postfix) - Postfix internal log server postscreen (8postfix) - Postfix zombie blocker poweroff (8) - Halt, power-off or reboot the machine tc-prio (8) - Priority qdisc probe-bcache (8) - probe a bcache device procinfo (8) - display system statistics gathered from /proc proftpd (8) - Professional configurable, secure file transfer protoc... proxymap (8postfix) - Postfix lookup table proxy server pvchange (8) - Change attributes of physical volume(s) pvck (8) - Check metadata on physical volumes pvcreate (8) - Initialize physical volume(s) for use by LVM pvdisplay (8) - Display various attributes of physical volume(s) pvmove (8) - Move extents from one physical volume to another pvremove (8) - Remove LVM label(s) from physical volume(s) pvresize (8) - Resize physical volume(s) pvs (8) - Display information about physical volumes pvscan (8) - List all physical volumes pwck (8) - verify integrity of password files pwconv (8) - convert to and from shadow passwords and groups pwunconv (8) - convert to and from shadow passwords and groups qmgr (8postfix) - Postfix queue manager qmqpd (8postfix) - Postfix QMQP server rarp (8) - manipulate the system RARP table rc-local.service (8) - Compatibility generator and service to start /etc/rc.l... rdisc6 (8) - ICMPv6 Router Discovery tool rdma (8) - RDMA tool rdma-dev (8) - RDMA device configuration rdma-link (8) - rdma link configuration rdma-resource (8) - rdma resource configuration rdma-statistic (8) - RDMA statistic counter configuration rdma-system (8) - RDMA subsystem configuration readproctitle (8) - maintains an automatically rotated log in memory for i... readprofile (8) - read kernel profiling information reboot (8) - Halt, power-off or reboot the machine tc-red (8) - Random Early Detection remove-default-ispell (8) - remove default ispell dictionary remove-default-wordlist (8) - remove default wordlist remove-shell (8) - remove shells from the list of valid login shells request-key (8) - handle key instantiation callback requests from the ke... rescan-scsi-bus (8) - rescan the SCSI bus. rescan-scsi-bus.sh (8) - script to add and remove SCSI devices without rebooting resize2fs (8) - ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer resizecons (8) - change kernel idea of the console size resizepart (8) - tell the kernel about the new size of a partition rltraceroute6 (8) - IPv6 traceroute tool rmail (8) - handle remote mail received via uucp rmmod (8) - Simple program to remove a module from the Linux Kernel rmt (8) - remote magnetic tape server rmt-tar (8) - remote magnetic tape server rotatelogs (8) - Piped logging program to rotate Apache logs route (8) - show / manipulate the IP routing table routef (8) - flush routes routel (8) - list routes with pretty output format rpc.gssd (8) - RPCSEC_GSS daemon rpc.idmapd (8) - NFSv4 ID <-> Name Mapper rpc.sm-notify (8) - send reboot notifications to NFS peers rpc.statd (8) - NSM service daemon rpc.svcgssd (8) - server-side rpcsec_gss daemon rpcbind (8) - universal addresses to RPC program number mapper rpcdebug (8) - set and clear NFS and RPC kernel debug flags rpcinfo (8) - report RPC information rsyslogd (8) - reliable and extended syslogd rtacct (8) - network statistics tools. rtcwake (8) - enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time rtmon (8) - listens to and monitors RTnetlink rtpr (8) - replace backslashes with newlines. rtstat (8) - unified linux network statistics run-parts (8) - run scripts or programs in a directory runit (8) - a UNIX process no 1 runit-runlevel (8) - SysV-init compatibility layer runit-shutdown (8) - poweroff or reboot the system runlevel (8) - Print previous and current SysV runlevel runsv (8) - starts and monitors a service and optionally an append... runsvchdir (8) - change services directory of runsvdir(8) runsvdir (8) - starts and monitors a collection of runsv(8) processes sa (8) - summarizes accounting information sa1 (8) - Collect and store binary data in the system activity d... sa2 (8) - Create a report from the current standard system activ... sadc (8) - System activity data collector. tc-sample (8) - packet sampling tc action savelog (8) - save a log file scache (8postfix) - Postfix shared connection cache server schedtool (8) - query and set CPU scheduling parameters scsi-config (8) - query information from a scsi device with a nice user ... scsi-spin (8) - spin up and down a SCSI device scsi_logging_level (8) - access Linux SCSI logging level information scsi_mandat (8) - check SCSI device support for mandatory commands scsi_readcap (8) - do SCSI READ CAPACITY command on disks scsi_ready (8) - do SCSI TEST UNIT READY on devices scsi_satl (8) - check SCSI to ATA Translation (SAT) device support scsi_start (8) - start one or more SCSI disks scsi_stop (8) - stop (spin down) one or more SCSI disks scsi_temperature (8) - fetch the temperature of a SCSI device scsidev (8) - populate /dev/scsi with device names that are persiste... scsiformat (8) - low level format an scsi disk device scsiinfo (8) - query information from a scsi device select-default-ispell (8) - select default ispell dictionary select-default-wordlist (8) - select default wordlist service (8) - run a System V init script setarch (8) - change reported architecture in new program environmen... setcap (8) - set file capabilities setfont (8) - load EGA/VGA console screen font setkeycodes (8) - load kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries setlock (8) - runs another program with a file locked. setlogcons (8) - Send kernel messages to console N setpci (8) - configure PCI devices setuidgid (8) - runs another program under a specified account's uid a... setvesablank (8) - Turn VESA screen blanking on or off setvtrgb (8) - set the virtual terminal RGB colors tc-sfb (8) - Stochastic Fair Blue sfdisk (8) - display or manipulate a disk partition table tc-sfq (8) - Stochastic Fairness Queueing sftp-server (8) - OpenSSH SFTP server subsystem sg3_utils (8) - a package of utilities for sending SCSI commands sg_bg_ctl (8) - send SCSI BACKGROUND CONTROL command sg_compare_and_write (8) - send the SCSI COMPARE AND WRITE command sg_copy_results (8) - send SCSI RECEIVE COPY RESULTS command (XCOPY related) sg_dd (8) - copy data to and from files and devices, especially SC... sg_decode_sense (8) - decode SCSI sense and related data sg_emc_trespass (8) - change ownership of SCSI LUN from another Service-Proc... sg_format (8) - format, format with preset, resize SCSI disk; format tape sg_get_config (8) - send SCSI GET CONFIGURATION command (MMC-4 +) sg_get_elem_status (8) - send SCSI GET PHYSICAL ELEMENT STATUS command sg_get_lba_status (8) - send SCSI GET LBA STATUS(16 or 32) command sg_ident (8) - send SCSI REPORT/SET IDENTIFYING INFORMATION command sg_inq (8) - issue SCSI INQUIRY command and/or decode its response sg_logs (8) - access log pages with SCSI LOG SENSE command sg_luns (8) - send SCSI REPORT LUNS command or decode given LUN sg_map (8) - displays mapping between Linux sg and other SCSI devices sg_map26 (8) - map SCSI generic (sg) device to corresponding device n... sg_modes (8) - reads mode pages with SCSI MODE SENSE command sg_opcodes (8) - report supported SCSI commands or task management func... sg_persist (8) - use SCSI PERSISTENT RESERVE command to access registra... sg_prevent (8) - send SCSI PREVENT ALLOW MEDIUM REMOVAL command sg_raw (8) - send arbitrary SCSI or NVMe command to a device sg_rbuf (8) - reads data using SCSI READ BUFFER command sg_rdac (8) - display or modify SCSI RDAC Redundant Controller mode ... sg_read (8) - read multiple blocks of data, optionally with SCSI REA... sg_read_attr (8) - send SCSI READ ATTRIBUTE command sg_read_block_limits (8) - send SCSI READ BLOCK LIMITS command sg_read_buffer (8) - send SCSI READ BUFFER command sg_read_long (8) - send a SCSI READ LONG command sg_readcap (8) - send SCSI READ CAPACITY command sg_reassign (8) - send SCSI REASSIGN BLOCKS command sg_referrals (8) - send SCSI REPORT REFERRALS command sg_rep_pip (8) - send SCSI REPORT PROVISIONING INITIALIZATION PATTERN c... sg_rep_zones (8) - send SCSI REPORT ZONES command sg_requests (8) - send one or more SCSI REQUEST SENSE commands sg_reset (8) - sends SCSI device, target, bus or host reset; or check... sg_reset_wp (8) - send SCSI RESET WRITE POINTER command sg_rmsn (8) - send SCSI READ MEDIA SERIAL NUMBER command sg_rtpg (8) - send SCSI REPORT TARGET PORT GROUPS command sg_safte (8) - access SCSI Accessed Fault-Tolerant Enclosure (SAF-TE)... sg_sanitize (8) - remove all user data from disk with SCSI SANITIZE command sg_sat_identify (8) - send ATA IDENTIFY DEVICE command via SCSI to ATA Trans... sg_sat_phy_event (8) - use ATA READ LOG EXT via a SAT pass-through to fetch S... sg_sat_read_gplog (8) - use ATA READ LOG EXT command via a SCSI to ATA Transl... sg_sat_set_features (8) - use ATA SET FEATURES command via a SCSI to ATA Tran... sg_scan (8) - scans sg devices (or SCSI/ATAPI/ATA devices) and print... sg_seek (8) - send SCSI SEEK, PRE-FETCH(10) or PRE-FETCH(16) command sg_senddiag (8) - performs a SCSI SEND DIAGNOSTIC command sg_ses (8) - access a SCSI Enclosure Services (SES) device sg_ses_microcode (8) - send microcode to a SCSI enclosure sg_start (8) - send SCSI START STOP UNIT command: start, stop, load o... sg_stpg (8) - send SCSI SET TARGET PORT GROUPS command sg_stream_ctl (8) - send SCSI STREAM CONTROL or GET STREAM STATUS command sg_sync (8) - send SCSI SYNCHRONIZE CACHE command sg_test_rwbuf (8) - test a SCSI host adapter by issuing dummy writes and r... sg_timestamp (8) - report or set timestamp on SCSI device sg_turs (8) - send one or more SCSI TEST UNIT READY commands sg_unmap (8) - send SCSI UNMAP command (known as 'trim' in ATA specs) sg_verify (8) - invoke SCSI VERIFY command(s) on a block device sg_vpd (8) - fetch SCSI VPD page and/or decode its response sg_wr_mode (8) - write (modify) SCSI mode page sg_write_verify (8) - send the SCSI WRITE AND VERIFY command sg_write_buffer (8) - send SCSI WRITE BUFFER commands sg_write_long (8) - send SCSI WRITE LONG command sg_write_same (8) - send SCSI WRITE SAME command sg_write_x (8) - SCSI WRITE normal/ATOMIC/SAME/SCATTERED/STREAM, ORWRIT... sg_xcopy (8) - copy data to and from files and devices using SCSI EXT... sg_zone (8) - send a SCSI ZONE modifying command sgdisk (8) - Command-line GUID partition table (GPT) manipulator fo... sginfo (8) - access mode page information for a SCSI (or ATAPI) device sgm_dd (8) - copy data to and from files and devices, especially SC... sgp_dd (8) - copy data to and from files and devices, especially SC... showconsolefont (8) - Show the current EGA/VGA console screen font showmount (8) - show mount information for an NFS server showq (8postfix) - list the Postfix mail queue shutdown (8) - Halt, power-off or reboot the machine tc-simple (8) - basic example action tc-skbedit (8) - SKB editing action tc-skbmod (8) - user-friendly packet editor action tc-skbprio (8) - SKB Priority Queue slattach (8) - attach a network interface to a serial line sln (8) - create symbolic links slrn_getdescs (8) - weekly update of newsgroups descriptions file sm-notify (8) - send reboot notifications to NFS peers smartctl (8) - Control and Monitor Utility for SMART Disks smartd (8) - SMART Disk Monitoring Daemon smtp (8postfix) - Postfix SMTP+LMTP client smtpd (8postfix) - Postfix SMTP server socklist (8) - display list of open sockets softlimit (8) - runs another program with new resource limits. spawn (8postfix) - Postfix external command spawner split-logfile (8) - Split combined virtual hosts access log into one file ... sraw (8) - benchmark raw scsi I/O performance under linux ss (8) - another utility to investigate sockets ssh-keysign (8) - OpenSSH helper for host-based authentication ssh-pkcs11-helper (8) - OpenSSH helper for PKCS#11 support ssh-sk-helper (8) - OpenSSH helper for FIDO authenticator support sshd (8) - OpenSSH daemon start-stop-daemon (8) - start and stop system daemon programs statd (8) - NSM service daemon stunnel (8) - TLS offloading and load-balancing proxy stunnel3 (8) - universal SSL tunnel stunnel4 (8) - TLS offloading and load-balancing proxy sudo (8) - execute a command as another user sudo_logsrvd (8) - sudo event and I/O log server sudo_plugin (8) - Sudo Plugin API sudo_root (8) - How to run administrative commands sudo_sendlog (8) - send sudo I/O log to log server sudoedit (8) - execute a command as another user sudoreplay (8) - replay sudo session logs suexec (8) - Switch user before executing external programs suexec-pristine (8) - Switch user before executing external programs sulogin (8) - single-user login supervise (8) - starts and monitors a service. sv (8) - control and manage services monitored by runsv (8) svc (8) - controls services monitored by supervise(8). svcgssd (8) - server-side rpcsec_gss daemon svlogd (8) - runit's service logging daemon svnserve (8) - Server for the 'svn' repository access method svok (8) - checks whether supervise(8) is running. svscan (8) - starts and monitors a collection of services svscanboot (8) - starts svscan (8) in the /service directory, with outp... svstat (8) - prints the status of services monitored by supervise (8). swaplabel (8) - print or change the label or UUID of a swap area swapoff (8) - enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping swapon (8) - enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping switch_root (8) - switch to another filesystem as the root of the mount ... sync-available (8) - sync dpkg's available database with apt's database sysctl (8) - configure kernel parameters at runtime systemd-ask-password-console.path (8) - Query the user for system passwords o... systemd-ask-password-console.service (8) - Query the user for system password... systemd-ask-password-wall.path (8) - Query the user for system passwords on t... systemd-ask-password-wall.service (8) - Query the user for system passwords o... systemd-backlight (8) - Load and save the display backlight brightness at boo... systemd-backlight@.service (8) - Load and save the display backlight brightne... systemd-binfmt (8) - Configure additional binary formats for executables at... systemd-binfmt.service (8) - Configure additional binary formats for executab... systemd-bless-boot (8) - Mark current boot process as successful systemd-bless-boot-generator (8) - Pull systemd-bless-boot.service into the i... systemd-bless-boot.service (8) - Mark current boot process as successful systemd-boot-check-no-failures (8) - verify that the system booted up cleanly systemd-boot-check-no-failures.service (8) - verify that the system booted up... systemd-boot-system-token.service (8) - Generate an initial boot loader syste... systemd-cryptsetup (8) - Full disk decryption logic systemd-cryptsetup-generator (8) - Unit generator for /etc/crypttab systemd-cryptsetup@.service (8) - Full disk decryption logic systemd-debug-generator (8) - Generator for enabling a runtime debug shell an... systemd-environment-d-generator (8) - Load variables specified by environment.d systemd-fsck (8) - File system checker logic systemd-fsck-root.service (8) - File system checker logic systemd-fsck@.service (8) - File system checker logic systemd-fsckd (8) - File system check progress reporting systemd-fsckd.service (8) - File system check progress reporting systemd-fsckd.socket (8) - File system check progress reporting systemd-fstab-generator (8) - Unit generator for /etc/fstab systemd-getty-generator (8) - Generator for enabling getty instances on the c... systemd-gpt-auto-generator (8) - Generator for automatically discovering and ... systemd-growfs (8) - Creating and growing file systems on demand systemd-growfs@.service (8) - Creating and growing file systems on demand systemd-halt.service (8) - System shutdown logic systemd-hibernate-resume (8) - Resume from hibernation systemd-hibernate-resume-generator (8) - Unit generator for resume= kernel pa... systemd-hibernate-resume@.service (8) - Resume from hibernation systemd-hibernate.service (8) - System sleep state logic systemd-hostnamed (8) - Daemon to control system hostname from programs systemd-hostnamed.service (8) - Daemon to control system hostname from programs systemd-hwdb (8) - hardware database management tool systemd-hybrid-sleep.service (8) - System sleep state logic systemd-importd (8) - VM and container image import and export service systemd-importd.service (8) - VM and container image import and export service systemd-initctl (8) - /dev/initctl compatibility systemd-initctl.service (8) - /dev/initctl compatibility systemd-initctl.socket (8) - /dev/initctl compatibility systemd-journald (8) - Journal service systemd-journald-audit.socket (8) - Journal service systemd-journald-dev-log.socket (8) - Journal service systemd-journald-varlink@.socket (8) - Journal service systemd-journald.service (8) - Journal service systemd-journald.socket (8) - Journal service systemd-journald@.service (8) - Journal service systemd-journald@.socket (8) - Journal service systemd-kexec.service (8) - System shutdown logic systemd-localed (8) - Locale bus mechanism systemd-localed.service (8) - Locale bus mechanism systemd-logind (8) - Login manager systemd-logind.service (8) - Login manager systemd-machine-id-commit.service (8) - Commit a transient machine ID to disk systemd-makefs (8) - Creating and growing file systems on demand systemd-makefs@.service (8) - Creating and growing file systems on demand systemd-mkswap@.service (8) - Creating and growing file systems on demand systemd-modules-load (8) - Load kernel modules at boot systemd-modules-load.service (8) - Load kernel modules at boot systemd-network-generator (8) - Generate network configuration from the kerne... systemd-network-generator.service (8) - Generate network configuration from t... systemd-networkd (8) - Network manager systemd-networkd-wait-online (8) - Wait for network to come online systemd-networkd-wait-online.service (8) - Wait for network to come online systemd-networkd.service (8) - Network manager systemd-poweroff.service (8) - System shutdown logic systemd-pstore (8) - A service to archive contents of pstore systemd-pstore.service (8) - A service to archive contents of pstore systemd-quotacheck (8) - File system quota checker logic systemd-quotacheck.service (8) - File system quota checker logic systemd-random-seed (8) - Load and save the system random seed at boot and sh... systemd-random-seed.service (8) - Load and save the system random seed at boo... systemd-rc-local-generator (8) - Compatibility generator and service to start... systemd-reboot.service (8) - System shutdown logic systemd-remount-fs (8) - Remount root and kernel file systems systemd-remount-fs.service (8) - Remount root and kernel file systems systemd-resolved (8) - Network Name Resolution manager systemd-resolved.service (8) - Network Name Resolution manager systemd-rfkill (8) - Load and save the RF kill switch state at boot and change systemd-rfkill.service (8) - Load and save the RF kill switch state at boot a... systemd-rfkill.socket (8) - Load and save the RF kill switch state at boot an... systemd-run-generator (8) - Generator for invoking commands specified on the ... systemd-shutdown (8) - System shutdown logic systemd-sleep (8) - System sleep state logic systemd-socket-proxyd (8) - Bidirectionally proxy local sockets to another (p... systemd-suspend-then-hibernate.service (8) - System sleep state logic systemd-suspend.service (8) - System sleep state logic systemd-sysctl (8) - Configure kernel parameters at boot systemd-sysctl.service (8) - Configure kernel parameters at boot systemd-sysext (8) - Activates System Extension Images systemd-sysext.service (8) - Activates System Extension Images systemd-system-update-generator (8) - Generator for redirecting boot to offli... systemd-sysusers (8) - Allocate system users and groups systemd-sysusers.service (8) - Allocate system users and groups systemd-sysv-generator (8) - Unit generator for SysV init scripts systemd-time-wait-sync (8) - Wait until kernel time is synchronized systemd-time-wait-sync.service (8) - Wait until kernel time is synchronized systemd-timedated (8) - Time and date bus mechanism systemd-timedated.service (8) - Time and date bus mechanism systemd-tmpfiles (8) - Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary ... systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service (8) - Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile ... systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer (8) - Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile an... systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service (8) - Creates, deletes and cleans up volat... systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service (8) - Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile ... systemd-udev-settle.service (8) - Wait for all pending udev events to be handled systemd-udevd (8) - Device event managing daemon systemd-udevd-control.socket (8) - Device event managing daemon systemd-udevd-kernel.socket (8) - Device event managing daemon systemd-udevd.service (8) - Device event managing daemon systemd-update-utmp (8) - Write audit and utmp updates at bootup, runlevel ch... systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service (8) - Write audit and utmp updates at bo... systemd-update-utmp.service (8) - Write audit and utmp updates at bootup, run... systemd-user-sessions (8) - Permit user logins after boot, prohibit user logi... systemd-user-sessions.service (8) - Permit user logins after boot, prohibit u... systemd-veritysetup (8) - Disk verity protection logic systemd-veritysetup-generator (8) - Unit generator for verity protected block... systemd-veritysetup@.service (8) - Disk verity protection logic systemd-volatile-root (8) - Make the root file system volatile systemd-volatile-root.service (8) - Make the root file system volatile systemd-xdg-autostart-generator (8) - User unit generator for XDG autostart f... tai64n (8) - puts a precise timestamp on each line. tai64nlocal (8) - converts precise TAI64N timestamps to a human-readable... tc-taprio (8) - Time Aware Priority Shaper tasksel (8) - a user interface for installing tasks tc-tbf (8) - Token Bucket Filter tc (8) - show / manipulate traffic control settings tc-bfifo (8) - Packet limited First In, First Out queue tc-cbq (8) - Class Based Queueing tc-codel (8) - Controlled-Delay Active Queue Management algorithm tc-route (8) - route traffic control filter tc-stab (8) - Generic size table manipulations tc-tcindex (8) - traffic control index filter tc-tunnel_key (8) - Tunnel metadata manipulation tc-u32 (8) - universal 32bit traffic control filter tc-vlan (8) - vlan manipulation module tc-xt (8) - tc iptables action tcpdump (8) - dump traffic on a network tcptraceroute (8) - print the route packets trace to network host tcptraceroute.db (8) - print the route packets trace to network host tcptraceroute6 (8) - IPv6 traceroute tool telinit (8) - Change SysV runlevel thin_check (8) - validates thin provisioning metadata on a device or file thin_delta (8) - Print the differences in the mappings between two thin... thin_dump (8) - dump thin provisioning metadata from device or file to... thin_ls (8) - List thin volumes within a pool. thin_metadata_size (8) - thin provisioning metadata device/file size calculator. thin_repair (8) - repair thin provisioning binary metadata. thin_restore (8) - restore thin provisioning metadata file to device or f... thin_rmap (8) - output reverse map of a thin provisioned region of blo... thin_trim (8) - Issue discard requests for free pool space (offline to... tipc (8) - a TIPC configuration and management tool tipc-bearer (8) - show or modify TIPC bearers tipc-link (8) - show links or modify link properties tipc-media (8) - list or modify media properties tipc-nametable (8) - show TIPC nametable tipc-node (8) - modify and show local node parameters or list peer nodes tipc-peer (8) - modify peer information tipc-socket (8) - show TIPC socket (port) information tk_scsiformat (8) - low level format an scsi disk device with a nice user ... tlsmgr (8postfix) - Postfix TLS session cache and PRNG manager tlsproxy (8postfix) - Postfix TLS proxy tmpreaper (8) - removes files which haven't been accessed for a period... trace (8postfix) - Postfix delivery status reports tracepath (8) - traces path to a network host discovering MTU along th... traceroute6 (8) - IPv6 traceroute tool tracert6 (8) - IPv6 traceroute tool trivial-rewrite (8postfix) - Postfix address rewriting and resolving daemon tune2fs (8) - adjust tunable file system parameters on ext2/ext3/ext... tzselect (8) - select a timezone udevadm (8) - udev management tool udisks (8) - Disk Manager udisksd (8) - The udisks system daemon ufw (8) - program for managing a netfilter firewall ufw-framework (8) - using the ufw framework umount (8) - unmount filesystems umount.nfs (8) - unmount a Network File System umount.udisks2 (8) - unmount file systems that have been mounted by UDisks2 unattended-upgrade (8) - automatic installation of security (and other) upgrades unattended-upgrades (8) - automatic installation of security (and other) upgr... unix_chkpwd (8) - Helper binary that verifies the password of the curren... unix_update (8) - Helper binary that updates the password of a given user unmkinitramfs (8) - extract content from an initramfs image update-ca-certificates (8) - update /etc/ssl/certs and ca-certificates.crt update-catalog (8) - create or update entry in SGML catalog file update-default-aspell (8) - rebuild aspell database and emacsen stuff update-default-ispell (8) - update default ispell dictionary update-default-wordlist (8) - update default wordlist update-dictcommon-aspell (8) - rebuild aspell database and emacsen stuff update-dictcommon-hunspell (8) - rebuild hunspell database and emacsen stuff update-fmtutil (8) - generate update-grub (8) - stub for grub-mkconfig update-grub-gfxpayload (8) - update /boot/grub/gfxblacklist.txt update-grub2 (8) - stub for grub-mkconfig update-icon-caches (8) - Update wrapper script for the icon caches update-info-dir (8) - update or create index file from all installed info fi... update-initramfs (8) - generate an initramfs image update-java-alternatives (8) - update alternatives for jre/sdk installations update-language (8) - generate hyphenation configuration for TeX engines update-language-dat (8) - generate hyphenation configuration for TeX engines update-language-def (8) - generate hyphenation configuration for TeX engines update-language-lua (8) - generate hyphenation configuration for TeX engines update-locale (8) - Modify global locale settings update-mime (8) - create or update MIME information update-passwd (8) - safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group update-pciids (8) - download new version of the PCI ID list update-perl-sax-parsers (8) - (de)register Perl SAX parser modules update-rc.d (8) - install and remove System-V style init script links update-service (8) - add/remove a service to/from system-wide service super... update-shells (8) - update the list of valid login shells update-smart-drivedb (8) - update smartmontools drive database update-texmf (8) - shell script to generate /etc/texmf/texmf.cnf update-texmf-config (8) - script used in maintainer scripts to trigger tex-co... update-tl-stacked-conffile (8) - generate update-updmap (8) - generate update-xmlcatalog (8) - maintain XML catalog files usbhid-dump (8) - dump USB HID device report descriptors and streams useradd (8) - create a new user or update default new user information userdel (8) - delete a user account and related files usermod (8) - modify a user account utmpset (8) - logout a line from utmp and wtmp file uuidd (8) - UUID generation daemon validlocale (8) - Test if a given locale is available vconfig (8) - VLAN (802.1q) configuration program. vcstime (8) - Show time in upper right hand corner of the console sc... vdpa (8) - vdpa management tool vdpa-dev (8) - vdpa device configuration vdpa-mgmtdev (8) - vdpa management device view verify (8postfix) - Postfix address verification server veritysetup (8) - manage dm-verity (block level verification) volumes vgcfgbackup (8) - Backup volume group configuration(s) vgcfgrestore (8) - Restore volume group configuration vgchange (8) - Change volume group attributes vgck (8) - Check the consistency of volume group(s) vgconvert (8) - Change volume group metadata format vgcreate (8) - Create a volume group vgdisplay (8) - Display volume group information vgexport (8) - Unregister volume group(s) from the system vgextend (8) - Add physical volumes to a volume group vgimport (8) - Register exported volume group with system vgimportclone (8) - Import a VG from cloned PVs vgmerge (8) - Merge volume groups vgmknodes (8) - Create the special files for volume group devices in /dev vgreduce (8) - Remove physical volume(s) from a volume group vgremove (8) - Remove volume group(s) vgrename (8) - Rename a volume group vgs (8) - Display information about volume groups vgscan (8) - Search for all volume groups vgsplit (8) - Move physical volumes into a new or existing volume group vigr (8) - edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-gr... vipw (8) - edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-gr... virtual (8postfix) - Postfix virtual domain mail delivery agent visudo (8) - edit the sudoers file vmstat (8) - Report virtual memory statistics vpddecode (8) - VPD structure decoder wdctl (8) - show hardware watchdog status wipefs (8) - wipe a signature from a device x86_64 (8) - change reported architecture in new program environmen... xfs_admin (8) - change parameters of an XFS filesystem xfs_bmap (8) - print block mapping for an XFS file xfs_copy (8) - copy the contents of an XFS filesystem xfs_db (8) - debug an XFS filesystem xfs_estimate (8) - estimate the space that an XFS filesystem will take xfs_freeze (8) - suspend access to an XFS filesystem xfs_fsr (8) - filesystem reorganizer for XFS xfs_growfs (8) - expand an XFS filesystem xfs_info (8) - display XFS filesystem geometry information xfs_io (8) - debug the I/O path of an XFS filesystem xfs_logprint (8) - print the log of an XFS filesystem xfs_mdrestore (8) - restores an XFS metadump image to a filesystem image xfs_metadump (8) - copy XFS filesystem metadata to a file xfs_mkfile (8) - create an XFS file xfs_ncheck (8) - generate pathnames from i-numbers for XFS xfs_quota (8) - manage use of quota on XFS filesystems xfs_repair (8) - repair an XFS filesystem xfs_rtcp (8) - XFS realtime copy command xfs_scrub (8) - check and repair the contents of a mounted XFS filesystem xfs_scrub_all (8) - scrub all mounted XFS filesystems xfs_spaceman (8) - show free space information about an XFS filesystem xfsdump (8) - XFS filesystem incremental dump utility xfsinvutil (8) - xfsdump inventory database checking and pruning utility xfsrestore (8) - XFS filesystem incremental restore utility xtables-legacy (8) - iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based kernel api xtables-legacy-multi (8) - iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based ker... xtables-monitor (8) - show changes to rule set and trace-events xtables-nft (8) - iptables using nftables kernel api xtables-nft-multi (8) - iptables using nftables kernel api xtables-translate (8) - translation tool to migrate from iptables to nftables zabbix_agentd (8) - Zabbix agent daemon zdump (8) - timezone dumper zerofree (8) - zero free blocks from ext2, ext3 and ext4 file-systems zic (8) - timezone compiler zramctl (8) - set up and control zram devices
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