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POSTQUEUE(1) General Commands Manual POSTQUEUE(1)

NAME
postqueue - Postfix queue control

SYNOPSIS
To flush the mail queue:

postqueue [-v] [-c config_dir] -f

postqueue [-v] [-c config_dir] -i queue_id

postqueue [-v] [-c config_dir] -s site

To list the mail queue:

postqueue [-v] [-c config_dir] -j

postqueue [-v] [-c config_dir] -p

DESCRIPTION
The postqueue(1) command implements the Postfix user interface for queue management. It im‐
plements operations that are traditionally available via the sendmail(1) command. See the
postsuper(1) command for queue operations that require super-user privileges such as deleting
a message from the queue or changing the status of a message.

The following options are recognized:

-c config_dir
The main.cf configuration file is in the named directory instead of the default con‐
figuration directory. See also the MAIL_CONFIG environment setting below.

-f Flush the queue: attempt to deliver all queued mail.

This option implements the traditional "sendmail -q" command, by contacting the Post‐
fix qmgr(8) daemon.

Warning: flushing undeliverable mail frequently will result in poor delivery perfor‐
mance of all other mail.

-i queue_id
Schedule immediate delivery of deferred mail with the specified queue ID.

This option implements the traditional sendmail -qI command, by contacting the
flush(8) server.

This feature is available with Postfix version 2.4 and later.

-j Produce a queue listing in JSON format, based on output from the showq(8) daemon. The
result is a stream of zero or more JSON objects, one per queue file. Each object is
followed by a newline character to support simple streaming parsers. See "JSON OBJECT
FORMAT" below for details.

This feature is available in Postfix 3.1 and later.

-p Produce a traditional sendmail-style queue listing. This option implements the tradi‐
tional mailq command, by contacting the Postfix showq(8) daemon.

Each queue entry shows the queue file ID, message size, arrival time, sender, and the
recipients that still need to be delivered. If mail could not be delivered upon the
last attempt, the reason for failure is shown. The queue ID string is followed by an
optional status character:

* The message is in the active queue, i.e. the message is selected for delivery.

! The message is in the hold queue, i.e. no further delivery attempt will be made
until the mail is taken off hold.

# The message is forced to expire. See the postsuper(1) options -e or -f.

This feature is available in Postfix 3.5 and later.

-s site
Schedule immediate delivery of all mail that is queued for the named site. A numerical
site must be specified as a valid RFC 5321 address literal enclosed in [], just like
in email addresses. The site must be eligible for the "fast flush" service. See
flush(8) for more information about the "fast flush" service.

This option implements the traditional "sendmail -qRsite" command, by contacting the
Postfix flush(8) daemon.

-v Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. Multiple -v options make the software
increasingly verbose. As of Postfix 2.3, this option is available for the super-user
only.

JSON OBJECT FORMAT
Each JSON object represents one queue file; it is emitted as a single text line followed by a
newline character.

Object members have string values unless indicated otherwise. Programs should ignore object
members that are not listed here; the list of members is expected to grow over time.

queue_name
The name of the queue where the message was found. Note that the contents of the mail
queue may change while it is being listed; some messages may appear more than once,
and some messages may be missed.

queue_id
The queue file name. The queue_id may be reused within a Postfix instance unless "en‐
able_long_queue_ids = true" and time is monotonic. Even then, the queue_id is not ex‐
pected to be unique between different Postfix instances. Management tools that re‐
quire a unique name should combine the queue_id with the myhostname setting of the
Postfix instance.

arrival_time
The number of seconds since the start of the UNIX epoch.

message_size
The number of bytes in the message header and body. This number does not include mes‐
sage envelope information. It is approximately equal to the number of bytes that would
be transmitted via SMTP including the <CR><LF> line endings.

forced_expire
The message is forced to expire (true or false). See the postsuper(1) options -e or
-f.

This feature is available in Postfix 3.5 and later.

sender The envelope sender address.

recipients
An array containing zero or more objects with members:

address
One recipient address.

delay_reason
If present, the reason for delayed delivery. Delayed recipients may have no
delay reason, for example, while delivery is in progress, or after the system
was stopped before it could record the reason.

SECURITY
This program is designed to run with set-group ID privileges, so that it can connect to Post‐
fix daemon processes.

STANDARDS
RFC 7159 (JSON notation)

DIAGNOSTICS
Problems are logged to syslogd(8) or postlogd(8), and to the standard error stream.

ENVIRONMENT
MAIL_CONFIG
Directory with the main.cf file. In order to avoid exploitation of set-group ID privi‐
leges, a non-standard directory is allowed only if:

• The name is listed in the standard main.cf file with the alternate_config_di‐‐
rectories configuration parameter.

• The command is invoked by the super-user.

CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
The following main.cf parameters are especially relevant to this program. The text below
provides only a parameter summary. See postconf(5) for more details including examples.

alternate_config_directories (empty)
A list of non-default Postfix configuration directories that may be specified with "-c
config_directory" on the command line (in the case of sendmail(1), with the "-C" op‐
tion), or via the MAIL_CONFIG environment parameter.

config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf configuration files.

command_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
The location of all postfix administrative commands.

fast_flush_domains ($relay_domains)
Optional list of destinations that are eligible for per-destination logfiles with mail
that is queued to those destinations.

import_environment (see 'postconf -d' output)
The list of environment parameters that a privileged Postfix process will import from
a non-Postfix parent process, or name=value environment overrides.

queue_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.

syslog_facility (mail)
The syslog facility of Postfix logging.

syslog_name (see 'postconf -d' output)
A prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog records, so that, for exam‐
ple, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd".

trigger_timeout (10s)
The time limit for sending a trigger to a Postfix daemon (for example, the pickup(8)
or qmgr(8) daemon).

Available in Postfix version 2.2 and later:

authorized_flush_users (static:anyone)
List of users who are authorized to flush the queue.

authorized_mailq_users (static:anyone)
List of users who are authorized to view the queue.

FILES
/var/spool/postfix, mail queue

SEE ALSO
qmgr(8), queue manager
showq(8), list mail queue
flush(8), fast flush service
sendmail(1), Sendmail-compatible user interface
postsuper(1), privileged queue operations
postlogd(8), Postfix logging
syslogd(8), system logging

README FILES
Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.
ETRN_README, Postfix ETRN howto

LICENSE
The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

HISTORY
The postqueue command was introduced with Postfix version 1.1.

AUTHOR(S)
Wietse Venema
IBM T.J. Watson Research
P.O. Box 704
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA

Wietse Venema
Google, Inc.
111 8th Avenue
New York, NY 10011, USA

POSTQUEUE(1)