NETWORK_NAMESPACES(7) Linux Programmer's Manual NETWORK_NAMESPACES(7) NAME network_namespaces - overview of Linux network namespaces DESCRIPTION Network namespaces provide isolation of the system resources associated with networking: network devices, IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks, IP routing tables, firewall rules, the /proc/net directory (which is a symbolic link to /proc/PID/net), the /sys/class/net direc- tory, various files under /proc/sys/net, port numbers (sockets), and so on. In addition, network namespaces isolate the UNIX domain abstract socket namespace (see unix(7)). A physical network device can live in exactly one network namespace. When a network name- space is freed (i.e., when the last process in the namespace terminates), its physical network devices are moved back to the initial network namespace (not to the parent of the process). A virtual network (veth(4)) device pair provides a pipe-like abstraction that can be used to create tunnels between network namespaces, and can be used to create a bridge to a physical network device in another namespace. When a namespace is freed, the veth(4) de- vices that it contains are destroyed. Use of network namespaces requires a kernel that is configured with the CONFIG_NET_NS op- tion. SEE ALSO nsenter(1), unshare(1), clone(2), veth(4), proc(5), sysfs(5), namespaces(7), user_name- spaces(7), brctl(8), ip(8), ip-address(8), ip-link(8), ip-netns(8), iptables(8), ovs-vsctl(8) COLOPHON This page is part of release 5.10 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/. Linux 2020-06-09 NETWORK_NAMESPACES(7)
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