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SYSFS(5)                            Linux Programmer's Manual                            SYSFS(5)

NAME
       sysfs - a filesystem for exporting kernel objects

DESCRIPTION
       The  sysfs  filesystem  is  a pseudo-filesystem which provides an interface to kernel data
       structures.  (More precisely, the files and directories in sysfs provide  a  view  of  the
       kobject  structures  defined internally within the kernel.)  The files under sysfs provide
       information about devices, kernel modules, filesystems, and other kernel components.

       The sysfs filesystem is commonly mounted at /sys.  Typically, it is mounted  automatically
       by the system, but it can also be mounted manually using a command such as:

           mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys

       Many  of the files in the sysfs filesystem are read-only, but some files are writable, al-
       lowing kernel variables to be changed.  To avoid redundancy, symbolic  links  are  heavily
       used to connect entries across the filesystem tree.

   Files and directories
       The following list describes some of the files and directories under the /sys hierarchy.

       /sys/block
              This  subdirectory  contains  one symbolic link for each block device that has been
              discovered on the system.  The symbolic links point  to  corresponding  directories
              under /sys/devices.

       /sys/bus
              This  directory  contains one subdirectory for each of the bus types in the kernel.
              Inside each of these directories are two subdirectories:

              devices
                     This subdirectory contains symbolic links to entries  in  /sys/devices  that
                     correspond to the devices discovered on this bus.

              drivers
                     This  subdirectory  contains one subdirectory for each device driver that is
                     loaded on this bus.

       /sys/class
              This subdirectory contains a single layer of further subdirectories for each of the
              device  classes  that  have been registered on the system (e.g., terminals, network
              devices, block devices, graphics devices, sound devices, and so on).   Inside  each
              of  these  subdirectories are symbolic links for each of the devices in this class.
              These symbolic links refer to entries in the /sys/devices directory.

       /sys/class/net
              Each of the entries in this directory is a symbolic link representing  one  of  the
              real or virtual networking devices that are visible in the network namespace of the
              process that is accessing the directory.  Each of these symbolic  links  refers  to
              entries in the /sys/devices directory.

       /sys/dev
              This directory contains two subdirectories block/ and char/, corresponding, respec-
              tively, to the block and character devices on the system.   Inside  each  of  these
              subdirectories  are  symbolic links with names of the form major-ID:minor-ID, where
              the ID values correspond to the major and minor ID of a specific device.  Each sym-
              bolic  link  points to the sysfs directory for a device.  The symbolic links inside
              /sys/dev thus provide an easy way to look up the sysfs interface using  the  device
              IDs returned by a call to stat(2) (or similar).

              The following shell session shows an example from /sys/dev:

                  $ stat -c "%t %T" /dev/null
                  1 3
                  $ readlink /sys/dev/char/1\:3
                  ../../devices/virtual/mem/null
                  $ ls -Fd /sys/devices/virtual/mem/null
                  /sys/devices/virtual/mem/null/
                  $ ls -d1 /sys/devices/virtual/mem/null/*
                  /sys/devices/virtual/mem/null/dev
                  /sys/devices/virtual/mem/null/power/
                  /sys/devices/virtual/mem/null/subsystem@
                  /sys/devices/virtual/mem/null/uevent

       /sys/devices
              This  is a directory that contains a filesystem representation of the kernel device
              tree, which is a hierarchy of device structures within the kernel.

       /sys/firmware
              This subdirectory contains interfaces for viewing  and  manipulating  firmware-spe-
              cific objects and attributes.

       /sys/fs
              This  directory  contains  subdirectories  for some filesystems.  A filesystem will
              have a subdirectory here only if it chose to explicitly create the subdirectory.

       /sys/fs/cgroup
              This directory conventionally is used as a mount point for  a  tmpfs(5)  filesystem
              containing mount points for cgroups(7) filesystems.

       /sys/fs/smackfs
              The  directory  contains  configuration  files  for  the SMACK LSM.  See the kernel
              source file Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/Smack.rst.

       /sys/hypervisor
              [To be documented]

       /sys/kernel
              This subdirectory contains various files and subdirectories that  provide  informa-
              tion about the running kernel.

       /sys/kernel/cgroup/
              For information about the files in this directory, see cgroups(7).

       /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
              Mount  point for the tracefs filesystem used by the kernel's ftrace facility.  (For
              information on ftrace, see the kernel source file Documentation/trace/ftrace.txt.)

       /sys/kernel/mm
              This subdirectory contains various files and subdirectories that  provide  informa-
              tion about the kernel's memory management subsystem.

       /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages
              This  subdirectory  contains  one subdirectory for each of the huge page sizes that
              the system supports.  The subdirectory name indicates the  huge  page  size  (e.g.,
              hugepages-2048kB).   Within each of these subdirectories is a set of files that can
              be used to view and (in some cases) change settings associated with that huge  page
              size.   For  further  information,  see the kernel source file Documentation/admin-
              guide/mm/hugetlbpage.rst.

       /sys/module
              This subdirectory contains one subdirectory for each module that is loaded into the
              kernel.  The name of each directory is the name of the module.  In each of the sub-
              directories, there may be following files:

              coresize
                     [to be documented]

              initsize
                     [to be documented]

              initstate
                     [to be documented]

              refcnt [to be documented]

              srcversion
                     [to be documented]

              taint  [to be documented]

              uevent [to be documented]

              version
                     [to be documented]

              In each of the subdirectories, there may be following subdirectories:

              drivers
                     [To be documented]

              holders
                     [To be documented]

              notes  [To be documented]

              parameters
                     This directory contains one file for each module parameter, with  each  file
                     containing  the  value  of the corresponding parameter.  Some of these files
                     are writable, allowing the

              sections
                     This subdirectories contains files with information about  module  sections.
                     This information is mainly used for debugging.

              [To be documented]

       /sys/power
              [To be documented]

VERSIONS
       The sysfs filesystem first appeared in Linux 2.6.0.

CONFORMING TO
       The sysfs filesystem is Linux-specific.

NOTES
       This  manual  page is incomplete, possibly inaccurate, and is the kind of thing that needs
       to be updated very often.

SEE ALSO
       proc(5), udev(7)

       P. Mochel. (2005).  The sysfs filesystem.  Proceedings of the 2005 Ottawa Linux Symposium.

       The kernel source file Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt and various other files in Doc-
       umentation/ABI and Documentation/*/sysfs.txt

COLOPHON
       This  page  is  part of release 5.10 of the Linux man-pages project.  A description of the
       project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of  this  page,  can  be
       found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Linux                                       2018-04-30                                   SYSFS(5)

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