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HTOP(1)                                   User Commands                                   HTOP(1)

NAME
       htop - interactive process viewer

SYNOPSIS
       htop [-dCFhpustvH]

DESCRIPTION
       htop is a cross-platform ncurses-based process viewer.

       It  is  similar to top, but allows you to scroll vertically and horizontally, and interact
       using a pointing device (mouse).  You can observe all processes  running  on  the  system,
       along  with  their  command  line arguments, as well as view them in a tree format, select
       multiple processes and acting on them all at once.

       Tasks related to processes (killing, renicing) can be done without entering their PIDs.

COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS
       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

       -d --delay=DELAY
              Delay between updates, in tenths of seconds. If the delay value is less than  1  it
              is  increased to 1, i.e. 1/10 second. If the delay value is greater than 100, it is
              decreased to 100, i.e. 10 seconds.

       -C --no-color --no-colour
              Start htop in monochrome mode

       -F --filter=FILTER
              Filter processes by command

       -h --help
              Display a help message and exit

       -p --pid=PID,PID...
              Show only the given PIDs

       -s --sort-key COLUMN
              Sort by this column (use --sort-key help for a column list).   This  will  force  a
              list view unless you specify -t at the same time.

       -u --user=USERNAME
              Show only the processes of a given user

       -U --no-unicode
              Do not use unicode but ASCII characters for graph meters

       -M --no-mouse
              Disable support of mouse control

       -V --version
              Output version information and exit

       -t --tree
              Show  processes in tree view. This can be used to force a tree view when requesting
              a sort order with -s.

       -H --highlight-changes=DELAY
              Highlight new and old processes

INTERACTIVE COMMANDS
       The following commands are supported while in htop:

       Up, Alt-k
            Select (highlight) the previous process in the process list. Scroll the list if  nec-
            essary.

       Down, Alt-j
            Select  (highlight)  the  next process in the process list. Scroll the list if neces-
            sary.

       Left, Alt-h
            Scroll the process list left.

       Right, Alt-l
            Scroll the process list right.

       PgUp, PgDn
            Scroll the process list up or down one window.

       Home Scroll to the top of the process list and select the first process.

       End  Scroll to the bottom of the process list and select the last process.

       Ctrl-A, ^
            Scroll left to the beginning of the process entry (i.e. beginning of line).

       Ctrl-E, $
            Scroll right to the end of the process entry (i.e. end of line).

       Space
            Tag or untag a process. Commands that can operate on multiple processes, like "kill",
            will  then  apply  over  the list of tagged processes, instead of the currently high-
            lighted one.

       c    Tag the current process and its children. Commands that can operate on multiple  pro-
            cesses,  like  "kill",  will then apply over the list of tagged processes, instead of
            the currently highlighted one.

       U    Untag all processes (remove all tags added with the Space or c keys).

       s    Trace process system calls: if strace(1) is installed, pressing this key will  attach
            it to the currently selected process, presenting a live update of system calls issued
            by the process.

       l    Display open files for a process: if lsof(1) is installed,  pressing  this  key  will
            display the list of file descriptors opened by the process.

       w    Display  the  command line of the selected process in a separate screen, wrapped onto
            multiple lines as needed.

       x    Display the active file locks of the selected process in a separate screen.

       F1, h, ?
            Go to the help screen

       F2, S
            Go to the setup screen, where you can configure the meters displayed at  the  top  of
            the screen, set various display options, choose among color schemes, and select which
            columns are displayed, in which order.

       F3, /
            Incrementally search the command lines of all the displayed processes. The  currently
            selected  (highlighted) command will update as you type. While in search mode, press-
            ing F3 will cycle through matching occurrences.  Pressing Shift-F3 will  cycle  back-
            wards.

            Alternatively  the search can be started by simply typing the command you are looking
            for, although for the first character normal key bindings take precedence.

       F4, \
            Incremental process filtering: type in part of a process command line and  only  pro-
            cesses  whose names match will be shown. To cancel filtering, enter the Filter option
            again and press Esc.

       F5, t
            Tree view: organize processes by parenthood, and layout the relations between them as
            a  tree.  Toggling the key will switch between tree and your previously selected sort
            view. Selecting a sort view will exit tree view.

       F6, <, >
            Selects a field for sorting, also accessible through < and >.  The current sort field
            is indicated by a highlight in the header.

       F7, ]
            Increase the selected process's priority (subtract from 'nice' value).  This can only
            be done by the superuser.

       F8, [
            Decrease the selected process's priority (add to 'nice' value)

       F9, k
            "Kill" process: sends a signal which is selected in a menu, to one or a group of pro-
            cesses.  If processes were tagged, sends the signal to all tagged processes.  If none
            is tagged, sends to the currently selected process.

       F10, q
            Quit

       I    Invert the sort order: if sort order is increasing, switch to decreasing,  and  vice-
            versa.

       +, - When in tree view mode, expand or collapse subtree. When a subtree is collapsed a "+"
            sign shows to the left of the process name.

       a (on multiprocessor machines)
            Set CPU affinity: mark which CPUs a process is allowed to use.

       u    Show only processes owned by a specified user.

       N    Sort by PID.

       M    Sort by memory usage (top compatibility key).

       P    Sort by processor usage (top compatibility key).

       T    Sort by time (top compatibility key).

       F    "Follow" process: if the sort order causes the currently selected process to move  in
            the  list, make the selection bar follow it. This is useful for monitoring a process:
            this way, you can keep a process always visible on screen. When  a  movement  key  is
            used, "follow" loses effect.

       K    Hide  kernel threads: prevent the threads belonging the kernel to be displayed in the
            process list. (This is a toggle key.)

       H    Hide user threads: on systems that represent them differently than ordinary processes
            (such  as  recent NPTL-based systems), this can hide threads from userspace processes
            in the process list. (This is a toggle key.)

       p    Show full paths to running programs, where applicable. (This is a toggle key.)

       Z    Pause/resume process updates.

       m    Merge exe, comm and cmdline, where applicable. (This is a toggle key.)

       Ctrl-L
            Refresh: redraw screen and recalculate values.

       Numbers
            PID search: type in process ID and the selection highlight will be moved to it.

COLUMNS
       The following columns can display data about each process. A value of '-' in all the  rows
       indicates that a column is unsupported on your system, or currently unimplemented in htop.
       The names below are the ones used in the "Available Columns" section of the setup  screen.
       If a different name is shown in htop's main screen, it is shown below in parenthesis.

       Command
            The full command line of the process (i.e. program name and arguments). If the option
            'Merge exe, comm and cmdline in Command' (toggled by the 'm'  key)  is  set,  and  if
            readable,    the   executable   path   (/proc/[pid]/exe)   and   the   command   name
            (/proc/[pid]/comm) are also shown merged with the command line.

       Comm The command name of the process obtained from /proc/[pid]/comm, if readable.

       Exe  The  abbreviated  basename  of  the  executable  of  the   process,   obtained   from
            /proc/[pid]/exe,  if  readable.  htop  is able to read this file on linux for ALL the
            processes only if it has the capability CAP_SYS_PTRACE or root privileges.

       PID  The process ID.

       STATE (S)
            The state of the process:
               S for sleeping (idle)
               R for running
               D for disk sleep (uninterruptible)
               Z for zombie (waiting for parent to read its exit status)
               T for traced or suspended (e.g by SIGTSTP)
               W for paging

       PPID The parent process ID.

       PGRP The process's group ID.

       SESSION (SID)
            The process's session ID.

       TTY_NR (TTY)
            The controlling terminal of the process.

       TPGID
            The process ID of the foreground process group of the controlling terminal.

       MINFLT
            The number of page faults happening in the main memory.

       CMINFLT
            The number of minor faults for the process's waited-for children (see MINFLT above).

       MAJFLT
            The number of page faults happening out of the main memory.

       CMAJFLT
            The number of major faults for the process's waited-for children (see MAJFLT above).

       UTIME (UTIME+)
            The user CPU time, which is the amount of time the process has spent executing on the
            CPU in user mode (i.e. everything but system calls), measured in clock ticks.

       STIME (STIME+)
            The  system CPU time, which is the amount of time the kernel has spent executing sys-
            tem calls on behalf of the process, measured in clock ticks.

       CUTIME (CUTIME+)
            The children's user CPU time, which is the amount of time  the  process's  waited-for
            children have spent executing in user mode (see UTIME above).

       CSTIME (CSTIME+)
            The children's system CPU time, which is the amount of time the kernel has spent exe-
            cuting system calls on behalf of all the process's  waited-for  children  (see  STIME
            above).

       PRIORITY (PRI)
            The  kernel's  internal  priority  for  the process, usually just its nice value plus
            twenty. Different for real-time processes.

       NICE (NI)
            The nice value of a process, from 19 (low priority) to -20 (high  priority).  A  high
            value  means  the process is being nice, letting others have a higher relative prior-
            ity. The usual OS permission restrictions for adjusting priority apply.

       STARTTIME (START)
            The time the process was started.

       PROCESSOR (CPU)
            The ID of the CPU the process last executed on.

       M_VIRT (VIRT)
            The size of the virtual memory of the process.

       M_RESIDENT (RES)
            The resident set size (text + data + stack) of the process  (i.e.  the  size  of  the
            process's used physical memory).

       M_SHARE (SHR)
            The size of the process's shared pages.

       M_TRS (CODE)
            The  text resident set size of the process (i.e. the size of the process's executable
            instructions).

       M_DRS (DATA)
            The data resident set size (data + stack) of the process (i.e. the size  of  anything
            except the process's executable instructions).

       M_LRS (LIB)
            The library size of the process.

       M_DT (DIRTY)
            The size of the dirty pages of the process.

       M_SWAP (SWAP)
            The size of the process's swapped pages.

       M_PSS (PSS)
            The  proportional set size, same as M_RESIDENT but each page is divided by the number
            of processes sharing it.

       M_M_PSSWP (PSSWP)
            The proportional swap share of this mapping, unlike M_SWAP this does  not  take  into
            account swapped out page of underlying shmem objects.

       ST_UID (UID)
            The user ID of the process owner.

       PERCENT_CPU (CPU%)
            The percentage of the CPU time that the process is currently using.

       PERCENT_MEM (MEM%)
            The percentage of memory the process is currently using (based on the process's resi-
            dent memory size, see M_RESIDENT above).

       USER The username of the process owner, or the user ID if the name can't be determined.

       TIME (TIME+)
            The time, measured in clock ticks that the process has spent in user and system  time
            (see UTIME, STIME above).

       NLWP The number of threads in the process.

       TGID The thread group ID.

       CTID OpenVZ container ID, a.k.a virtual environment ID.

       VPID OpenVZ process ID.

       VXID VServer process ID.

       RCHAR (RD_CHAR)
            The number of bytes the process has read.

       WCHAR (WR_CHAR)
            The number of bytes the process has written.

       SYSCR (RD_SYSC)
            The number of read(2) syscalls for the process.

       SYSCW (WR_SYSC)
            The number of write(2) syscalls for the process.

       RBYTES (IO_RBYTES)
            Bytes of read(2) I/O for the process.

       WBYTES (IO_WBYTES)
            Bytes of write(2) I/O for the process.

       CNCLWB (IO_CANCEL)
            Bytes of cancelled write(2) I/O.

       IO_READ_RATE (DISK READ)
            The I/O rate of read(2) in bytes per second, for the process.

       IO_WRITE_RATE (DISK WRITE)
            The I/O rate of write(2) in bytes per second, for the process.

       IO_RATE (DISK R/W)
            The I/O rate, IO_READ_RATE + IO_WRITE_RATE (see above).

       CGROUP
            Which cgroup the process is in.

       OOM  OOM killer score.

       CTXT Incremental sum of voluntary and nonvoluntary context switches.

       IO_PRIORITY (IO)
            The I/O scheduling class followed by the priority if the class supports it:
               R for Realtime
               B for Best-effort
               id for Idle

       PERCENT_CPU_DELAY (CPUD%)
            The percentage of time spent waiting for a CPU (while runnable). Requires CAP_NET_AD-
            MIN.

       PERCENT_IO_DELAY (IOD%)
            The percentage of time spent waiting for the completion of synchronous block I/O. Re-
            quires CAP_NET_ADMIN.

       PERCENT_SWAP_DELAY (SWAPD%)
            The percentage of time spent swapping in pages. Requires CAP_NET_ADMIN.

       COMM The command name for the process. Requires Linux kernel 2.6.33 or newer.

       EXE  The executable file of the process as reported by the kernel. Requires CAP_SYS_PTRACE
            and PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCRED.

       All other flags
            Currently unsupported (always displays '-').

EXTERNAL LIBRARIES
       While htop depends on most of the libraries it uses at build time there are two noteworthy
       exceptions  to  this  rule.  These exceptions both relate to data displayed in meters dis-
       played in the header of htop and were intentionally created as optional runtime  dependen-
       cies instead.  These exceptions are described below:

       libsystemd
              The  bindings  for libsystemd are used in the SystemD meter to determine the number
              of active services and the overall system state. Looking for the functions  to  de-
              termine  these  information  at  runtime  allows for builds to support these meters
              without forcing the package manager to install these libraries on systems that oth-
              erwise don't use systemd.

              Summary:  no  build  time dependency, optional runtime dependency on libsystemd via
              dynamic loading, with systemctl(1) fallback.

       libsensors
              The bindings for libsensors are used for the CPU temperature readings  in  the  CPU
              usage  meters if displaying the temperature is enabled through the setup screen. In
              order for htop to show these temperatures correctly though, a proper  configuration
              of  libsensors  through  its  usual configuration files is assumed and that all CPU
              cores correspond to temperature sensors from the coretemp driver with core 0 corre-
              sponding  to  a  sensor  labelled "Core 0". The package temperature may be given as
              "Package id 0". If missing it is inferred as the maximum value from  the  available
              per-core readings.

              Summary:  build  time  dependency on libsensors(3) C header files, optional runtime
              dependency on libsensors(3) via dynamic loading.

CONFIG FILE
       By default htop reads its configuration from the XDG-compliant path ~/.config/htop/htoprc.
       The  configuration  file  is  overwritten  by htop's in-program Setup configuration, so it
       should not be hand-edited.  If no user configuration exists htop tries to read the system-
       wide configuration from /etc/htoprc and as a last resort, falls back to its hard coded de-
       faults.

       You may override the location of the configuration  file  using  the  $HTOPRC  environment
       variable  (so  you  can have multiple configurations for different machines that share the
       same home directory, for example).

MEMORY SIZES
       Memory sizes in htop are displayed in a human-readable form.  Sizes are printed in  powers
       of 1024. (e.g., 1023M = 1072693248 Bytes)

       The  decision  to  use this convention was made in order to conserve screen space and make
       memory size representations consistent throughout htop.

SEE ALSO
       proc(5), top(1), free(1), ps(1), uptime(1) and limits.conf(5).

AUTHORS
       htop was originally developed by Hisham Muhammad.  Nowadays it is maintained by the commu-
       nity at <htop AT groups.io>.

htop 3.0.5                                     2020                                       HTOP(1)

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