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Under GNU General Public License
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GIT-FOR-EACH-REF(1) Git Manual GIT-FOR-EACH-REF(1)
NAME
git-for-each-ref - Output information on each ref
SYNOPSIS
git for-each-ref [--count=<count>] [--shell|--perl|--python|--tcl]
[(--sort=<key>)...] [--format=<format>] [<pattern>...]
[--points-at=<object>]
[--merged[=<object>]] [--no-merged[=<object>]]
[--contains[=<object>]] [--no-contains[=<object>]]
DESCRIPTION
Iterate over all refs that match <pattern> and show them according to the given <format>,
after sorting them according to the given set of <key>. If <count> is given, stop after
showing that many refs. The interpolated values in <format> can optionally be quoted as
string literals in the specified host language allowing their direct evaluation in that
language.
OPTIONS
<pattern>...
If one or more patterns are given, only refs are shown that match against at least one
pattern, either using fnmatch(3) or literally, in the latter case matching completely
or from the beginning up to a slash.
--count=<count>
By default the command shows all refs that match <pattern>. This option makes it stop
after showing that many refs.
--sort=<key>
A field name to sort on. Prefix - to sort in descending order of the value. When
unspecified, refname is used. You may use the --sort=<key> option multiple times, in
which case the last key becomes the primary key.
--format=<format>
A string that interpolates %(fieldname) from a ref being shown and the object it
points at. If fieldname is prefixed with an asterisk (*) and the ref points at a tag
object, use the value for the field in the object which the tag object refers to
(instead of the field in the tag object). When unspecified, <format> defaults to
%(objectname) SPC %(objecttype) TAB %(refname). It also interpolates %% to %, and %xx
where xx are hex digits interpolates to character with hex code xx; for example %00
interpolates to \0 (NUL), %09 to \t (TAB) and %0a to \n (LF).
--color[=<when>]
Respect any colors specified in the --format option. The <when> field must be one of
always, never, or auto (if <when> is absent, behave as if always was given).
--shell, --perl, --python, --tcl
If given, strings that substitute %(fieldname) placeholders are quoted as string
literals suitable for the specified host language. This is meant to produce a
scriptlet that can directly be `eval`ed.
--points-at=<object>
Only list refs which points at the given object.
--merged[=<object>]
Only list refs whose tips are reachable from the specified commit (HEAD if not
specified).
--no-merged[=<object>]
Only list refs whose tips are not reachable from the specified commit (HEAD if not
specified).
--contains[=<object>]
Only list refs which contain the specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
--no-contains[=<object>]
Only list refs which don't contain the specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
--ignore-case
Sorting and filtering refs are case insensitive.
FIELD NAMES
Various values from structured fields in referenced objects can be used to interpolate
into the resulting output, or as sort keys.
For all objects, the following names can be used:
refname
The name of the ref (the part after $GIT_DIR/). For a non-ambiguous short name of the
ref append :short. The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
abbreviation mode. If lstrip=<N> (rstrip=<N>) is appended, strips <N> slash-separated
path components from the front (back) of the refname (e.g. %(refname:lstrip=2) turns
refs/tags/foo into foo and %(refname:rstrip=2) turns refs/tags/foo into refs). If <N>
is a negative number, strip as many path components as necessary from the specified
end to leave -<N> path components (e.g. %(refname:lstrip=-2) turns refs/tags/foo into
tags/foo and %(refname:rstrip=-1) turns refs/tags/foo into refs). When the ref does
not have enough components, the result becomes an empty string if stripping with
positive <N>, or it becomes the full refname if stripping with negative <N>. Neither
is an error.
strip can be used as a synonym to lstrip.
objecttype
The type of the object (blob, tree, commit, tag).
objectsize
The size of the object (the same as git cat-file -s reports). Append :disk to get the
size, in bytes, that the object takes up on disk. See the note about on-disk sizes in
the CAVEATS section below.
objectname
The object name (aka SHA-1). For a non-ambiguous abbreviation of the object name
append :short. For an abbreviation of the object name with desired length append
:short=<length>, where the minimum length is MINIMUM_ABBREV. The length may be
exceeded to ensure unique object names.
deltabase
This expands to the object name of the delta base for the given object, if it is
stored as a delta. Otherwise it expands to the null object name (all zeroes).
upstream
The name of a local ref which can be considered "upstream" from the displayed ref.
Respects :short, :lstrip and :rstrip in the same way as refname above. Additionally
respects :track to show "[ahead N, behind M]" and :trackshort to show the terse
version: ">" (ahead), "<" (behind), "<>" (ahead and behind), or "=" (in sync). :track
also prints "[gone]" whenever unknown upstream ref is encountered. Append
:track,nobracket to show tracking information without brackets (i.e "ahead N, behind
M").
For any remote-tracking branch %(upstream), %(upstream:remotename) and
%(upstream:remoteref) refer to the name of the remote and the name of the tracked
remote ref, respectively. In other words, the remote-tracking branch can be updated
explicitly and individually by using the refspec %(upstream:remoteref):%(upstream) to
fetch from %(upstream:remotename).
Has no effect if the ref does not have tracking information associated with it. All
the options apart from nobracket are mutually exclusive, but if used together the last
option is selected.
push
The name of a local ref which represents the @{push} location for the displayed ref.
Respects :short, :lstrip, :rstrip, :track, :trackshort, :remotename, and :remoteref
options as upstream does. Produces an empty string if no @{push} ref is configured.
HEAD
* if HEAD matches current ref (the checked out branch), ' ' otherwise.
color
Change output color. Followed by :<colorname>, where color names are described under
Values in the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of git-config(1). For example, %(color:bold
red).
align
Left-, middle-, or right-align the content between %(align:...) and %(end). The
"align:" is followed by width=<width> and position=<position> in any order separated
by a comma, where the <position> is either left, right or middle, default being left
and <width> is the total length of the content with alignment. For brevity, the
"width=" and/or "position=" prefixes may be omitted, and bare <width> and <position>
used instead. For instance, %(align:<width>,<position>). If the contents length is
more than the width then no alignment is performed. If used with --quote everything in
between %(align:...) and %(end) is quoted, but if nested then only the topmost level
performs quoting.
if
Used as %(if)...%(then)...%(end) or %(if)...%(then)...%(else)...%(end). If there is an
atom with value or string literal after the %(if) then everything after the %(then) is
printed, else if the %(else) atom is used, then everything after %(else) is printed.
We ignore space when evaluating the string before %(then), this is useful when we use
the %(HEAD) atom which prints either "*" or " " and we want to apply the if condition
only on the HEAD ref. Append ":equals=<string>" or ":notequals=<string>" to compare
the value between the %(if:...) and %(then) atoms with the given string.
symref
The ref which the given symbolic ref refers to. If not a symbolic ref, nothing is
printed. Respects the :short, :lstrip and :rstrip options in the same way as refname
above.
worktreepath
The absolute path to the worktree in which the ref is checked out, if it is checked
out in any linked worktree. Empty string otherwise.
In addition to the above, for commit and tag objects, the header field names (tree,
parent, object, type, and tag) can be used to specify the value in the header field.
Fields tree and parent can also be used with modifier :short and :short=<length> just like
objectname.
For commit and tag objects, the special creatordate and creator fields will correspond to
the appropriate date or name-email-date tuple from the committer or tagger fields
depending on the object type. These are intended for working on a mix of annotated and
lightweight tags.
Fields that have name-email-date tuple as its value (author, committer, and tagger) can be
suffixed with name, email, and date to extract the named component. For email fields
(authoremail, committeremail and taggeremail), :trim can be appended to get the email
without angle brackets, and :localpart to get the part before the @ symbol out of the
trimmed email.
The raw data in an object is raw.
raw:size
The raw data size of the object.
Note that --format=%(raw) can not be used with --python, --shell, --tcl, because such
language may not support arbitrary binary data in their string variable type.
The message in a commit or a tag object is contents, from which contents:<part> can be
used to extract various parts out of:
contents:size
The size in bytes of the commit or tag message.
contents:subject
The first paragraph of the message, which typically is a single line, is taken as the
"subject" of the commit or the tag message. Instead of contents:subject, field subject
can also be used to obtain same results. :sanitize can be appended to subject for
subject line suitable for filename.
contents:body
The remainder of the commit or the tag message that follows the "subject".
contents:signature
The optional GPG signature of the tag.
contents:lines=N
The first N lines of the message.
Additionally, the trailers as interpreted by git-interpret-trailers(1) are obtained as
trailers[:options] (or by using the historical alias contents:trailers[:options]). For
valid [:option] values see trailers section of git-log(1).
For sorting purposes, fields with numeric values sort in numeric order (objectsize,
authordate, committerdate, creatordate, taggerdate). All other fields are used to sort in
their byte-value order.
There is also an option to sort by versions, this can be done by using the fieldname
version:refname or its alias v:refname.
In any case, a field name that refers to a field inapplicable to the object referred by
the ref does not cause an error. It returns an empty string instead.
As a special case for the date-type fields, you may specify a format for the date by
adding : followed by date format name (see the values the --date option to git-rev-list(1)
takes).
Some atoms like %(align) and %(if) always require a matching %(end). We call them "opening
atoms" and sometimes denote them as %($open).
When a scripting language specific quoting is in effect, everything between a top-level
opening atom and its matching %(end) is evaluated according to the semantics of the
opening atom and only its result from the top-level is quoted.
EXAMPLES
An example directly producing formatted text. Show the most recent 3 tagged commits:
#!/bin/sh
git for-each-ref --count=3 --sort='-*authordate' \
--format='From: %(*authorname) %(*authoremail)
Subject: %(*subject)
Date: %(*authordate)
Ref: %(*refname)
%(*body)
' 'refs/tags'
A simple example showing the use of shell eval on the output, demonstrating the use of
--shell. List the prefixes of all heads:
#!/bin/sh
git for-each-ref --shell --format="ref=%(refname)" refs/heads | \
while read entry
do
eval "$entry"
echo `dirname $ref`
done
A bit more elaborate report on tags, demonstrating that the format may be an entire
script:
#!/bin/sh
fmt='
r=%(refname)
t=%(*objecttype)
T=${r#refs/tags/}
o=%(*objectname)
n=%(*authorname)
e=%(*authoremail)
s=%(*subject)
d=%(*authordate)
b=%(*body)
kind=Tag
if test "z$t" = z
then
# could be a lightweight tag
t=%(objecttype)
kind="Lightweight tag"
o=%(objectname)
n=%(authorname)
e=%(authoremail)
s=%(subject)
d=%(authordate)
b=%(body)
fi
echo "$kind $T points at a $t object $o"
if test "z$t" = zcommit
then
echo "The commit was authored by $n $e
at $d, and titled
$s
Its message reads as:
"
echo "$b" | sed -e "s/^/ /"
echo
fi
'
eval=`git for-each-ref --shell --format="$fmt" \
--sort='*objecttype' \
--sort=-taggerdate \
refs/tags`
eval "$eval"
An example to show the usage of %(if)...%(then)...%(else)...%(end). This prefixes the
current branch with a star.
git for-each-ref --format="%(if)%(HEAD)%(then)* %(else) %(end)%(refname:short)" refs/heads/
An example to show the usage of %(if)...%(then)...%(end). This prints the authorname, if
present.
git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)%(if)%(authorname)%(then) Authored by: %(authorname)%(end)"
CAVEATS
Note that the sizes of objects on disk are reported accurately, but care should be taken
in drawing conclusions about which refs or objects are responsible for disk usage. The
size of a packed non-delta object may be much larger than the size of objects which delta
against it, but the choice of which object is the base and which is the delta is arbitrary
and is subject to change during a repack.
Note also that multiple copies of an object may be present in the object database; in this
case, it is undefined which copy's size or delta base will be reported.
NOTES
When combining multiple --contains and --no-contains filters, only references that contain
at least one of the --contains commits and contain none of the --no-contains commits are
shown.
When combining multiple --merged and --no-merged filters, only references that are
reachable from at least one of the --merged commits and from none of the --no-merged
commits are shown.
SEE ALSO
git-show-ref(1)
GIT
Part of the git(1) suite
Git 2.34.1 07/09/2025 GIT-FOR-EACH-REF(1)
Generated by $Id: phpMan.php,v 4.55 2007/09/05 04:42:51 chedong Exp $ Author: Che Dong
On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
2025-11-21 16:32 @216.73.216.57 CrawledBy Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)