I18N::LangTags::List - phpMan

NAME
    I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages

SYNOPSIS
      use I18N::LangTags::List;
      print "Parlez-vous... ", join(', ',
          I18N::LangTags::List::name('elx') || 'unknown_language',
          I18N::LangTags::List::name('ar-Kw') || 'unknown_language',
          I18N::LangTags::List::name('en') || 'unknown_language',
          I18N::LangTags::List::name('en-CA') || 'unknown_language',
        ), "?\n";

    prints:

      Parlez-vous... Elamite, Kuwait Arabic, English, Canadian English?

DESCRIPTION
    This module provides a function "I18N::LangTags::List::name( *langtag* )
    " that takes a language tag (see I18N::LangTags) and returns the best
    attempt at an English name for it, or undef if it can't make sense of
    the tag.

    The function I18N::LangTags::List::name(...) is not exported.

    This module also provides a function "I18N::LangTags::List::is_decent(
    *langtag* )" that returns true iff the language tag is syntactically
    valid and is for general use (like "fr" or "fr-ca", below). That is, it
    returns false for tags that are syntactically invalid and for tags, like
    "aus", that are listed in brackets below. This function is not exported.

    The map of tags-to-names that it uses is accessible as
    %I18N::LangTags::List::Name, and it's the same as the list that follows
    in this documentation, which should be useful to you even if you don't
    use this module.

ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
    Internet language tags, as defined in RFC 3066, are a formalism for
    denoting human languages. The two-letter ISO 639-1 language codes are
    well known (as "en" for English), as are their forms when qualified by a
    country code ("en-US"). Less well-known are the arbitrary-length non-ISO
    codes (like "i-mingo"), and the recently (in 2001) introduced
    three-letter ISO-639-2 codes.

    Remember these important facts:

    *   Language tags are not locale IDs. A locale ID is written with a "_"
        instead of a "-", (almost?) always matches "m/^\w\w_\w\w\b/", and
        *means* something different than a language tag. A language tag
        denotes a language. A locale ID denotes a language *as used in* a
        particular place, in combination with non-linguistic
        location-specific information such as what currency is used there.
        Locales *also* often denote character set information, as in
        "en_US.ISO8859-1".

    *   Language tags are not for computer languages.

    *   "Dialect" is not a useful term, since there is no objective
        criterion for establishing when two language-forms are dialects of
        eachother, or are separate languages.

    *   Language tags are not case-sensitive. en-US, en-us, En-Us, etc., are
        all the same tag, and denote the same language.

    *   Not every language tag really refers to a single language. Some
        language tags refer to conditions: i-default (system-message text in
        English plus maybe other languages), und (undetermined language).
        Others (notably lots of the three-letter codes) are bibliographic
        tags that classify whole groups of languages, as with cus "Cushitic
        (Other)" (i.e., a language that has been classed as Cushtic, but
        which has no more specific code) or the even less linguistically
        coherent sai for "South American Indian (Other)". Though useful in
        bibliography, SUCH TAGS ARE NOT FOR GENERAL USE. For further
        guidance, email me.

    *   Language tags are not country codes. In fact, they are often
        distinct codes, as with language tag ja for Japanese, and ISO 3166
        country code ".jp" for Japan.

LIST OF LANGUAGES
    The first part of each item is the language tag, between {...}. It is
    followed by an English name for the language or language-group. Language
    tags that I judge to be not for general use, are bracketed.

    This list is in alphabetical order by English name of the language.

    {ab} : Abkhazian
        eq Abkhaz

    {ace} : Achinese
    {ach} : Acoli
    {ada} : Adangme
    {ady} : Adyghe
        eq Adygei

    {aa} : Afar
    {afh} : Afrihili
        (Artificial)

    {af} : Afrikaans
    [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)]
    {ak} : Akan
        (Formerly "aka".)

    {akk} : Akkadian
        (Historical)

    {sq} : Albanian
    {ale} : Aleut
    [{alg} : Algonquian languages]
        NOT Algonquin!

    [{tut} : Altaic (Other)]
    {am} : Amharic
        NOT Aramaic!

    {i-ami} : Ami
        eq Amis. eq 'Amis. eq Pangca.

    [{apa} : Apache languages]
    {ar} : Arabic
        Many forms are mutually un-intelligible in spoken media. Notable
        forms: {ar-ae} UAE Arabic; {ar-bh} Bahrain Arabic; {ar-dz} Algerian
        Arabic; {ar-eg} Egyptian Arabic; {ar-iq} Iraqi Arabic; {ar-jo}
        Jordanian Arabic; {ar-kw} Kuwait Arabic; {ar-lb} Lebanese Arabic;
        {ar-ly} Libyan Arabic; {ar-ma} Moroccan Arabic; {ar-om} Omani
        Arabic; {ar-qa} Qatari Arabic; {ar-sa} Sauda Arabic; {ar-sy} Syrian
        Arabic; {ar-tn} Tunisian Arabic; {ar-ye} Yemen Arabic.

    {arc} : Aramaic
        NOT Amharic! NOT Samaritan Aramaic!

    {arp} : Arapaho
    {arn} : Araucanian
    {arw} : Arawak
    {hy} : Armenian
    {an} : Aragonese
    [{art} : Artificial (Other)]
    {ast} : Asturian
        eq Bable.

    {as} : Assamese
    [{ath} : Athapascan languages]
        eq Athabaskan. eq Athapaskan. eq Athabascan.

    [{aus} : Australian languages]
    [{map} : Austronesian (Other)]
    {av} : Avaric
        (Formerly "ava".)

    {ae} : Avestan
        eq Zend

    {awa} : Awadhi
    {ay} : Aymara
    {az} : Azerbaijani
        eq Azeri

        Notable forms: {az-Arab} Azerbaijani in Arabic script; {az-Cyrl}
        Azerbaijani in Cyrillic script; {az-Latn} Azerbaijani in Latin
        script.

    {ban} : Balinese
    [{bat} : Baltic (Other)]
    {bal} : Baluchi
    {bm} : Bambara
        (Formerly "bam".)

    [{bai} : Bamileke languages]
    {bad} : Banda
    [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)]
    {bas} : Basa
    {ba} : Bashkir
    {eu} : Basque
    {btk} : Batak (Indonesia)
    {bej} : Beja
    {be} : Belarusian
        eq Belarussian. eq Byelarussian. eq Belorussian. eq Byelorussian. eq
        White Russian. eq White Ruthenian. NOT Ruthenian!

    {bem} : Bemba
    {bn} : Bengali
        eq Bangla.

    [{ber} : Berber (Other)]
    {bho} : Bhojpuri
    {bh} : Bihari
    {bik} : Bikol
    {bin} : Bini
    {bi} : Bislama
        eq Bichelamar.

    {bs} : Bosnian
    {bra} : Braj
    {br} : Breton
    {bug} : Buginese
    {bg} : Bulgarian
    {i-bnn} : Bunun
    {bua} : Buriat
    {my} : Burmese
    {cad} : Caddo
    {car} : Carib
    {ca} : Catalan
        eq Catalán. eq Catalonian.

    [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)]
    {ceb} : Cebuano
    [{cel} : Celtic (Other)]
        Notable forms: {cel-gaulish} Gaulish (Historical)

    [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)]
    {chg} : Chagatai
        (Historical?)

    [{cmc} : Chamic languages]
    {ch} : Chamorro
    {ce} : Chechen
    {chr} : Cherokee
        eq Tsalagi

    {chy} : Cheyenne
    {chb} : Chibcha
        (Historical) NOT Chibchan (which is a language family).

    {ny} : Chichewa
        eq Nyanja. eq Chinyanja.

    {zh} : Chinese
        Many forms are mutually un-intelligible in spoken media. Notable
        forms: {zh-Hans} Chinese, in simplified script; {zh-Hant} Chinese,
        in traditional script; {zh-tw} Taiwan Chinese; {zh-cn} PRC Chinese;
        {zh-sg} Singapore Chinese; {zh-mo} Macau Chinese; {zh-hk} Hong Kong
        Chinese; {zh-guoyu} Mandarin [Putonghua/Guoyu]; {zh-hakka} Hakka
        [formerly "i-hakka"]; {zh-min} Hokkien; {zh-min-nan} Southern
        Hokkien; {zh-wuu} Shanghaiese; {zh-xiang} Hunanese; {zh-gan} Gan;
        {zh-yue} Cantonese.

    {chn} : Chinook Jargon
        eq Chinook Wawa.

    {chp} : Chipewyan
    {cho} : Choctaw
    {cu} : Church Slavic
        eq Old Church Slavonic.

    {chk} : Chuukese
        eq Trukese. eq Chuuk. eq Truk. eq Ruk.

    {cv} : Chuvash
    {cop} : Coptic
    {kw} : Cornish
    {co} : Corsican
        eq Corse.

    {cr} : Cree
        NOT Creek! (Formerly "cre".)

    {mus} : Creek
        NOT Cree!

    [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
    [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
    [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
    [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
    {hr} : Croatian
        eq Croat.

    [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)]
    {cs} : Czech
    {dak} : Dakota
        eq Nakota. eq Latoka.

    {da} : Danish
    {dar} : Dargwa
    {day} : Dayak
    {i-default} : Default (Fallthru) Language
        Defined in RFC 2277, this is for tagging text (which must include
        English text, and might/should include text in other appropriate
        languages) that is emitted in a context where language-negotiation
        wasn't possible -- in SMTP mail failure messages, for example.

    {del} : Delaware
    {din} : Dinka
    {dv} : Divehi
        eq Maldivian. (Formerly "div".)

    {doi} : Dogri
        NOT Dogrib!

    {dgr} : Dogrib
        NOT Dogri!

    [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)]
    {dua} : Duala
    {nl} : Dutch
        eq Netherlander. Notable forms: {nl-nl} Netherlands Dutch; {nl-be}
        Belgian Dutch.

    {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350)
        (Historical)

    {dyu} : Dyula
    {dz} : Dzongkha
    {efi} : Efik
    {egy} : Ancient Egyptian
        (Historical)

    {eka} : Ekajuk
    {elx} : Elamite
        (Historical)

    {en} : English
        Notable forms: {en-au} Australian English; {en-bz} Belize English;
        {en-ca} Canadian English; {en-gb} UK English; {en-ie} Irish English;
        {en-jm} Jamaican English; {en-nz} New Zealand English; {en-ph}
        Philippine English; {en-tt} Trinidad English; {en-us} US English;
        {en-za} South African English; {en-zw} Zimbabwe English.

    {enm} : Old English (1100-1500)
        (Historical)

    {ang} : Old English (ca.450-1100)
        eq Anglo-Saxon. (Historical)

    {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial)
    {myv} : Erzya
    {eo} : Esperanto
        (Artificial)

    {et} : Estonian
    {ee} : Ewe
        (Formerly "ewe".)

    {ewo} : Ewondo
    {fan} : Fang
    {fat} : Fanti
    {fo} : Faroese
    {fj} : Fijian
    {fi} : Finnish
    [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)]
        eq Finno-Ugric. NOT Ugaritic!

    {fon} : Fon
    {fr} : French
        Notable forms: {fr-fr} France French; {fr-be} Belgian French;
        {fr-ca} Canadian French; {fr-ch} Swiss French; {fr-lu} Luxembourg
        French; {fr-mc} Monaco French.

    {frm} : Middle French (ca.1400-1600)
        (Historical)

    {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400)
        (Historical)

    {fy} : Frisian
    {fur} : Friulian
    {ff} : Fulah
        (Formerly "ful".)

    {gaa} : Ga
    {gd} : Scots Gaelic
        NOT Scots!

    {gl} : Gallegan
        eq Galician

    {lg} : Ganda
        (Formerly "lug".)

    {gay} : Gayo
    {gba} : Gbaya
    {gez} : Geez
        eq Ge'ez

    {ka} : Georgian
    {de} : German
        Notable forms: {de-at} Austrian German; {de-be} Belgian German;
        {de-ch} Swiss German; {de-de} Germany German; {de-li} Liechtenstein
        German; {de-lu} Luxembourg German.

    {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500)
        (Historical)

    {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050)
        (Historical)

    [{gem} : Germanic (Other)]
    {gil} : Gilbertese
    {gon} : Gondi
    {gor} : Gorontalo
    {got} : Gothic
        (Historical)

    {grb} : Grebo
    {grc} : Ancient Greek
        (Historical) (Until 15th century or so.)

    {el} : Modern Greek
        (Since 15th century or so.)

    {gn} : Guarani
        Guaraní

    {gu} : Gujarati
    {gwi} : Gwich'in
        eq Gwichin

    {hai} : Haida
    {ht} : Haitian
        eq Haitian Creole

    {ha} : Hausa
    {haw} : Hawaiian
        Hawai'ian

    {he} : Hebrew
        (Formerly "iw".)

    {hz} : Herero
    {hil} : Hiligaynon
    {him} : Himachali
    {hi} : Hindi
    {ho} : Hiri Motu
    {hit} : Hittite
        (Historical)

    {hmn} : Hmong
    {hu} : Hungarian
    {hup} : Hupa
    {iba} : Iban
    {is} : Icelandic
    {io} : Ido
        (Artificial)

    {ig} : Igbo
        (Formerly "ibo".)

    {ijo} : Ijo
    {ilo} : Iloko
    [{inc} : Indic (Other)]
    [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)]
    {id} : Indonesian
        (Formerly "in".)

    {inh} : Ingush
    {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)
        (Artificial) NOT Interlingue!

    {ie} : Interlingue
        (Artificial) NOT Interlingua!

    {iu} : Inuktitut
        A subform of "Eskimo".

    {ik} : Inupiaq
        A subform of "Eskimo".

    [{ira} : Iranian (Other)]
    {ga} : Irish
    {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200)
        (Historical)

    {sga} : Old Irish (to 900)
        (Historical)

    [{iro} : Iroquoian languages]
    {it} : Italian
        Notable forms: {it-it} Italy Italian; {it-ch} Swiss Italian.

    {ja} : Japanese
        (NOT "jp"!)

    {jv} : Javanese
        (Formerly "jw" because of a typo.)

    {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic
    {jpr} : Judeo-Persian
    {kbd} : Kabardian
    {kab} : Kabyle
    {kac} : Kachin
    {kl} : Kalaallisut
        eq Greenlandic "Eskimo"

    {xal} : Kalmyk
    {kam} : Kamba
    {kn} : Kannada
        eq Kanarese. NOT Canadian!

    {kr} : Kanuri
        (Formerly "kau".)

    {krc} : Karachay-Balkar
    {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak
    {kar} : Karen
    {ks} : Kashmiri
    {csb} : Kashubian
        eq Kashub

    {kaw} : Kawi
    {kk} : Kazakh
    {kha} : Khasi
    {km} : Khmer
        eq Cambodian. eq Kampuchean.

    [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)]
    {kho} : Khotanese
    {ki} : Kikuyu
        eq Gikuyu.

    {kmb} : Kimbundu
    {rw} : Kinyarwanda
    {ky} : Kirghiz
    {i-klingon} : Klingon
    {kv} : Komi
    {kg} : Kongo
        (Formerly "kon".)

    {kok} : Konkani
    {ko} : Korean
    {kos} : Kosraean
    {kpe} : Kpelle
    {kro} : Kru
    {kj} : Kuanyama
    {kum} : Kumyk
    {ku} : Kurdish
    {kru} : Kurukh
    {kut} : Kutenai
    {lad} : Ladino
        eq Judeo-Spanish. NOT Ladin (a minority language in Italy).

    {lah} : Lahnda
        NOT Lamba!

    {lam} : Lamba
        NOT Lahnda!

    {lo} : Lao
        eq Laotian.

    {la} : Latin
        (Historical) NOT Ladin! NOT Ladino!

    {lv} : Latvian
        eq Lettish.

    {lb} : Letzeburgesch
        eq Luxemburgian, eq Luxemburger. (Formerly "i-lux".)

    {lez} : Lezghian
    {li} : Limburgish
        eq Limburger, eq Limburgan. NOT Letzeburgesch!

    {ln} : Lingala
    {lt} : Lithuanian
    {nds} : Low German
        eq Low Saxon. eq Low German. eq Low Saxon.

    {art-lojban} : Lojban (Artificial)
    {loz} : Lozi
    {lu} : Luba-Katanga
        (Formerly "lub".)

    {lua} : Luba-Lulua
    {lui} : Luiseno
        eq Luiseño.

    {lun} : Lunda
    {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)
    {lus} : Lushai
    {mk} : Macedonian
        eq the modern Slavic language spoken in what was Yugoslavia. NOT the
        form of Greek spoken in Greek Macedonia!

    {mad} : Madurese
    {mag} : Magahi
    {mai} : Maithili
    {mak} : Makasar
    {mg} : Malagasy
    {ms} : Malay
        NOT Malayalam!

    {ml} : Malayalam
        NOT Malay!

    {mt} : Maltese
    {mnc} : Manchu
    {mdr} : Mandar
        NOT Mandarin!

    {man} : Mandingo
    {mni} : Manipuri
        eq Meithei.

    [{mno} : Manobo languages]
    {gv} : Manx
    {mi} : Maori
        NOT Mari!

    {mr} : Marathi
    {chm} : Mari
        NOT Maori!

    {mh} : Marshall
        eq Marshallese.

    {mwr} : Marwari
    {mas} : Masai
    [{myn} : Mayan languages]
    {men} : Mende
    {mic} : Micmac
    {min} : Minangkabau
    {i-mingo} : Mingo
        eq the Irquoian language West Virginia Seneca. NOT New York Seneca!

    [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages]
        Don't use this.

    {moh} : Mohawk
    {mdf} : Moksha
    {mo} : Moldavian
        eq Moldovan.

    [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)]
    {lol} : Mongo
    {mn} : Mongolian
        eq Mongol.

    {mos} : Mossi
    [{mul} : Multiple languages]
        Not for normal use.

    [{mun} : Munda languages]
    {nah} : Nahuatl
    {nap} : Neapolitan
    {na} : Nauru
    {nv} : Navajo
        eq Navaho. (Formerly "i-navajo".)

    {nd} : North Ndebele
    {nr} : South Ndebele
    {ng} : Ndonga
    {ne} : Nepali
        eq Nepalese. Notable forms: {ne-np} Nepal Nepali; {ne-in} India
        Nepali.

    {new} : Newari
    {nia} : Nias
    [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)]
    [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)]
    {niu} : Niuean
    {nog} : Nogai
    {non} : Old Norse
        (Historical)

    [{nai} : North American Indian]
        Do not use this.

    {no} : Norwegian
        Note the two following forms:

    {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal
        eq Bokmål, (A form of Norwegian.) (Formerly "no-bok".)

    {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk
        (A form of Norwegian.) (Formerly "no-nyn".)

    [{nub} : Nubian languages]
    {nym} : Nyamwezi
    {nyn} : Nyankole
    {nyo} : Nyoro
    {nzi} : Nzima
    {oc} : Occitan (post 1500)
        eq Provençal, eq Provencal

    {oj} : Ojibwa
        eq Ojibwe. (Formerly "oji".)

    {or} : Oriya
    {om} : Oromo
    {osa} : Osage
    {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic
    [{oto} : Otomian languages]
        Group of languages collectively called "Otomí".

    {pal} : Pahlavi
        eq Pahlevi

    {i-pwn} : Paiwan
        eq Pariwan

    {pau} : Palauan
    {pi} : Pali
        (Historical?)

    {pam} : Pampanga
    {pag} : Pangasinan
    {pa} : Panjabi
        eq Punjabi

    {pap} : Papiamento
        eq Papiamentu.

    [{paa} : Papuan (Other)]
    {fa} : Persian
        eq Farsi. eq Iranian.

    {peo} : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.)
    [{phi} : Philippine (Other)]
    {phn} : Phoenician
        (Historical)

    {pon} : Pohnpeian
        NOT Pompeiian!

    {pl} : Polish
    {pt} : Portuguese
        eq Portugese. Notable forms: {pt-pt} Portugal Portuguese; {pt-br}
        Brazilian Portuguese.

    [{pra} : Prakrit languages]
    {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500)
        eq Old Provençal. (Historical.)

    {ps} : Pushto
        eq Pashto. eq Pushtu.

    {qu} : Quechua
        eq Quecha.

    {rm} : Raeto-Romance
        eq Romansh.

    {raj} : Rajasthani
    {rap} : Rapanui
    {rar} : Rarotongan
    [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.]
    [{roa} : Romance (Other)]
        NOT Romanian! NOT Romany! NOT Romansh!

    {ro} : Romanian
        eq Rumanian. NOT Romany!

    {rom} : Romany
        eq Rom. NOT Romanian!

    {rn} : Rundi
    {ru} : Russian
        NOT White Russian! NOT Rusyn!

    [{sal} : Salishan languages]
        Large language group.

    {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic
        NOT Aramaic!

    {se} : Northern Sami
        eq Lappish. eq Lapp. eq (Northern) Saami.

    {sma} : Southern Sami
    {smn} : Inari Sami
    {smj} : Lule Sami
    {sms} : Skolt Sami
    [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)]
    {sm} : Samoan
    {sad} : Sandawe
    {sg} : Sango
    {sa} : Sanskrit
        (Historical)

    {sat} : Santali
    {sc} : Sardinian
        eq Sard.

    {sas} : Sasak
    {sco} : Scots
        NOT Scots Gaelic!

    {sel} : Selkup
    [{sem} : Semitic (Other)]
    {sr} : Serbian
        eq Serb. NOT Sorbian.

        Notable forms: {sr-Cyrl} : Serbian in Cyrillic script; {sr-Latn} :
        Serbian in Latin script.

    {srr} : Serer
    {shn} : Shan
    {sn} : Shona
    {sid} : Sidamo
    {sgn-...} : Sign Languages
        Always use with a subtag. Notable forms: {sgn-gb} British Sign
        Language (BSL); {sgn-ie} Irish Sign Language (ESL); {sgn-ni}
        Nicaraguan Sign Language (ISN); {sgn-us} American Sign Language
        (ASL).

        (And so on with other country codes as the subtag.)

    {bla} : Siksika
        eq Blackfoot. eq Pikanii.

    {sd} : Sindhi
    {si} : Sinhalese
        eq Sinhala.

    [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)]
    [{sio} : Siouan languages]
    {den} : Slave (Athapascan)
        ("Slavey" is a subform.)

    [{sla} : Slavic (Other)]
    {sk} : Slovak
        eq Slovakian.

    {sl} : Slovenian
        eq Slovene.

    {sog} : Sogdian
    {so} : Somali
    {son} : Songhai
    {snk} : Soninke
    {wen} : Sorbian languages
        eq Wendish. eq Sorb. eq Lusatian. eq Wend. NOT Venda! NOT Serbian!

    {nso} : Northern Sotho
    {st} : Southern Sotho
        eq Sutu. eq Sesotho.

    [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)]
    {es} : Spanish
        Notable forms: {es-ar} Argentine Spanish; {es-bo} Bolivian Spanish;
        {es-cl} Chilean Spanish; {es-co} Colombian Spanish; {es-do}
        Dominican Spanish; {es-ec} Ecuadorian Spanish; {es-es} Spain
        Spanish; {es-gt} Guatemalan Spanish; {es-hn} Honduran Spanish;
        {es-mx} Mexican Spanish; {es-pa} Panamanian Spanish; {es-pe}
        Peruvian Spanish; {es-pr} Puerto Rican Spanish; {es-py} Paraguay
        Spanish; {es-sv} Salvadoran Spanish; {es-us} US Spanish; {es-uy}
        Uruguayan Spanish; {es-ve} Venezuelan Spanish.

    {suk} : Sukuma
    {sux} : Sumerian
        (Historical)

    {su} : Sundanese
    {sus} : Susu
    {sw} : Swahili
        eq Kiswahili

    {ss} : Swati
    {sv} : Swedish
        Notable forms: {sv-se} Sweden Swedish; {sv-fi} Finland Swedish.

    {syr} : Syriac
    {tl} : Tagalog
    {ty} : Tahitian
    [{tai} : Tai (Other)]
        NOT Thai!

    {tg} : Tajik
    {tmh} : Tamashek
    {ta} : Tamil
    {i-tao} : Tao
        eq Yami.

    {tt} : Tatar
    {i-tay} : Tayal
        eq Atayal. eq Atayan.

    {te} : Telugu
    {ter} : Tereno
    {tet} : Tetum
    {th} : Thai
        NOT Tai!

    {bo} : Tibetan
    {tig} : Tigre
    {ti} : Tigrinya
    {tem} : Timne
        eq Themne. eq Timene.

    {tiv} : Tiv
    {tli} : Tlingit
    {tpi} : Tok Pisin
    {tkl} : Tokelau
    {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa)
        NOT Tsonga!

    {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands)
        (Pronounced "Tong-a", not "Tong-ga")

        NOT Tsonga!

    {tsi} : Tsimshian
        eq Sm'algyax

    {ts} : Tsonga
        NOT Tonga!

    {i-tsu} : Tsou
    {tn} : Tswana
        Same as Setswana.

    {tum} : Tumbuka
    [{tup} : Tupi languages]
    {tr} : Turkish
        (Typically in Roman script)

    {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)
        (Typically in Arabic script) (Historical)

    {crh} : Crimean Turkish
        eq Crimean Tatar

    {tk} : Turkmen
        eq Turkmeni.

    {tvl} : Tuvalu
    {tyv} : Tuvinian
        eq Tuvan. eq Tuvin.

    {tw} : Twi
    {udm} : Udmurt
    {uga} : Ugaritic
        NOT Ugric!

    {ug} : Uighur
    {uk} : Ukrainian
    {umb} : Umbundu
    {und} : Undetermined
        Not a tag for normal use.

    {ur} : Urdu
    {uz} : Uzbek
        eq Özbek

        Notable forms: {uz-Cyrl} Uzbek in Cyrillic script; {uz-Latn} Uzbek
        in Latin script.

    {vai} : Vai
    {ve} : Venda
        NOT Wendish! NOT Wend! NOT Avestan! (Formerly "ven".)

    {vi} : Vietnamese
        eq Viet.

    {vo} : Volapuk
        eq Volapük. (Artificial)

    {vot} : Votic
        eq Votian. eq Vod.

    [{wak} : Wakashan languages]
    {wa} : Walloon
    {wal} : Walamo
        eq Wolaytta.

    {war} : Waray
        Presumably the Philippine language Waray-Waray (Samareño), not the
        smaller Philippine language Waray Sorsogon, nor the extinct
        Australian language Waray.

    {was} : Washo
        eq Washoe

    {cy} : Welsh
    {wo} : Wolof
    {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use)
        "x-" is a prefix for language tags that are not registered with ISO
        or IANA. Example, x-double-dutch

    {xh} : Xhosa
    {sah} : Yakut
    {yao} : Yao
        (The Yao in Malawi?)

    {yap} : Yapese
        eq Yap

    {ii} : Sichuan Yi
    {yi} : Yiddish
        Formerly "ji". Usually in Hebrew script.

        Notable forms: {yi-latn} Yiddish in Latin script

    {yo} : Yoruba
    [{ypk} : Yupik languages]
        Several "Eskimo" languages.

    {znd} : Zande
    [{zap} : Zapotec]
        (A group of languages.)

    {zen} : Zenaga
        NOT Zend.

    {za} : Zhuang
    {zu} : Zulu
    {zun} : Zuni
        eq Zuñi

SEE ALSO
    I18N::LangTags and its "See Also" section.

COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
    Copyright (c) 2001+ Sean M. Burke. All rights reserved.

    You can redistribute and/or modify this document under the same terms as
    Perl itself.

    This document is provided in the hope that it will be useful, but
    without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of accuracy,
    authoritativeness, completeness, merchantability, or fitness for a
    particular purpose.

    Email any corrections or questions to me.

AUTHOR
    Sean M. Burke, sburke AT cpan.org