perldoc > ExtUtils::Constant::Base

📛 NAME

ExtUtils::Constant::Base - base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects

🚀 Quick Reference

📋 SYNOPSIS

require ExtUtils::Constant::Base;
@ISA = 'ExtUtils::Constant::Base';

📖 DESCRIPTION

ExtUtils::Constant::Base provides a base implementation of methods to generate C code to give fast constant value lookup by named string. Currently it's mostly used by ExtUtils::Constant::XS, which generates the lookup code for the constant() subroutine found in many XS modules.

🛠️ USAGE

ExtUtils::Constant::Base exports no subroutines. The following methods are available:

• header — A method returning a scalar containing definitions needed, typically for a C header file.
• memEQ_clause args_hashref — A method to return a suitable C "if" statement to check whether *name* is equal to the C variable "name". If *checked_at* is defined, then it is used to avoid "memEQ" for short names, or to generate a comment to highlight the position of the character in the "switch" statement.

  If i<checked_at> is a reference to a scalar, then instead it gives the characters pre-checked at the beginning, (and the number of chars by which the C variable name has been advanced. These need to be chopped from the front of *name*).

• dump_names arg_hashref, ITEM... — An internal function to generate the embedded perl code that will regenerate the constant subroutines. default_type, types and ITEMs are the same as for C_constant. indent is treated as number of spaces to indent by. If "declare_types" is true a $types is always declared in the perl code generated, if defined and false never declared, and if undefined $types is only declared if the values in types as passed in cannot be inferred from default_types and the ITEMs.
• assign arg_hashref, VALUE... — A method to return a suitable assignment clause. If type is aggregate (eg *PVN* expects both pointer and length) then there should be multiple VALUEs for the components. pre and post if defined give snippets of C code to proceed and follow the assignment. pre will be at the start of a block, so variables may be defined in it.
• return_clause arg_hashref, ITEM — A method to return a suitable "#ifdef" clause. ITEM is a hashref (as passed to C_constant and match_clause). indent is the number of spaces to indent, defaulting to 6.
• switch_clause arg_hashref, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM... — An internal method to generate a suitable "switch" clause, called by C_constant. ITEMs are in the hash ref format as given in the description of C_constant, and must all have the names of the same length, given by NAMELEN. ITEMHASH is a reference to a hash, keyed by name, values being the hashrefs in the ITEM list. (No parameters are modified, and there can be keys in the ITEMHASH that are not in the list of ITEMs without causing problems - the hash is passed in to save generating it afresh for each call).
• params WHAT — An "internal" method, subject to change, currently called to allow an overriding class to cache information that will then be passed into all the "*param*" calls. (Yes, having to read the source to make sense of this is considered a known bug). WHAT is a hashref of types the constant function will return. In ExtUtils::Constant::XS this method is used to return a hashref keyed IV NV PV SV to show which combination of pointers will be needed in the C argument list generated by C_constant_other_params_definition and C_constant_other_params.
• dogfood arg_hashref, ITEM... — An internal function to generate the embedded perl code that will regenerate the constant subroutines. Parameters are the same as for C_constant.

  Currently the base class does nothing and returns an empty string.

• normalise_items args, default_type, seen_types, seen_items, ITEM... — Convert the items to a normalised form. For 8 bit and Unicode values converts the item to an array of 1 or 2 items, both 8 bit and UTF-8 encoded.
• C_constant arg_hashref, ITEM... — A function that returns a list of C subroutine definitions that return the value and type of constants when passed the name by the XS wrapper. ITEM... gives a list of constant names. Each can either be a string, which is taken as a C macro name, or a reference to a hash with the following keys:
  • name 🏷️ The name of the constant, as seen by the perl code.
  • type 🔢 The type of the constant (IV, NV etc)
  • value 💎 A C expression for the value of the constant, or a list of C expressions if the type is aggregate. This defaults to the name if not given.
  • macro 📛 The C pre-processor macro to use in the "#ifdef". This defaults to the name, and is mainly used if value is an "enum". If a reference to an array is passed then the first element is used in place of the "#ifdef" line, and the second element in place of the "#endif". This allows pre-processor constructions such as

    #if defined (foo)
    #if !defined (bar)
    ...
    #endif
    #endif

    A "macro" 1 signals that the constant is always defined, so the "#if"/"#endif" test is omitted.

  • default 🛡️ Default value to use (instead of "croak"ing with "your vendor has not defined...") to return if the macro isn't defined. Specify a reference to an array with type followed by value(s).
  • pre 🔧 C code to use before the assignment of the value of the constant. This allows you to use temporary variables to extract a value from part of a "struct" and return this as value. This C code is placed at the start of a block, so you can declare variables in it.
  • post 🔧 C code to place between the assignment of value (to a temporary) and the return from the function. This allows you to clear up anything in pre. Rarely needed.
  • def_pre 🔧 Equivalents of pre and post for the default value.
  • def_post 🔧 Equivalents of pre and post for the default value.
  • utf8 🌐 Generated internally. Is zero or undefined if name is 7 bit ASCII, "no" if the name is 8 bit (and so should only match if SvUTF8() is false), "yes" if the name is utf8 encoded.

    The internals automatically clone any name with characters 128-255 but none 256+ (ie one that could be either in bytes or utf8) into a second entry which is utf8 encoded.

  • weight ⚖️ Optional sorting weight for names, to determine the order of linear testing when multiple names fall in the same case of a switch clause. Higher comes earlier, undefined defaults to zero.

  In the argument hashref, package is the name of the package, and is only used in comments inside the generated C code. subname defaults to "constant" if undefined.

  default_type is the type returned by ITEMs that don't specify their type. It defaults to the value of default_type(). types should be given either as a comma separated list of types that the C subroutine subname will generate or as a reference to a hash. default_type will be added to the list if not present, as will any types given in the list of ITEMs. The resultant list should be the same list of types that "XS_constant" is given. [Otherwise "XS_constant" and "C_constant" may differ in the number of parameters to the constant function. indent is currently unused and ignored. In future it may be used to pass in information used to change the C indentation style used.] The best way to maintain consistency is to pass in a hash reference and let this function update it.

  breakout governs when child functions of subname are generated. If there are breakout or more ITEMs with the same length of name, then the code to switch between them is placed into a function named subname_len, for example "constant_5" for names 5 characters long. The default breakout is 3. A single ITEM is always inlined.

🐛 BUGS

Not everything is documented yet.

Probably others.

✍️ AUTHOR

Nicholas Clark <nick AT ccl4.org> based on the code in "h2xs" by Larry Wall and others