2026-05-21 22:10 @216.73.216.105 CrawledBy Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)
NAME
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum - OpenSSL's multiprecision integer arithmetic
SYNOPSIS
use Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum;
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_decimal( "1000" );
# or
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_word( 1000 );
# or
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_hex("3e8"); # no leading 0x
# or
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_bin(pack( "C*", 3, 232 ))
use Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX;
sub print_factorial
{
my( $n ) = @_;
my $fac = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->one();
my $ctx = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX->new();
foreach my $i (1 .. $n)
{
$fac->mul( Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_word( $i ), $ctx, $fac );
}
print "$n factorial is ", $fac->to_decimal(), "\n";
}
DESCRIPTION
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum provides access to OpenSSL multiprecision integer
arithmetic libraries. Presently, many though not all of the arithmetic
operations that OpenSSL provides are exposed to perl. In addition, this
module can be used to provide access to bignum values produced by other
OpenSSL modules, such as key parameters from Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA.
*NOTE*: Many of the methods in this package can croak, so use eval, or
Error.pm's try/catch mechanism to capture errors.
Constructors
new_from_decimal
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_decimal($decimal_string);
Create a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object whose value is specified
by the given decimal representation.
new_from_hex
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_hex($hex_string); #no leading '0x'
Create a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object whose value is specified
by the given hexadecimal representation.
new_from_word
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_word($unsigned_integer);
Create a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object whose value will be the
word given. Note that numbers represented by objects created using
this method are necessarily between 0 and 2^32 - 1.
new_from_bin
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_bin($bin_buffer);
Create a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object whose value is specified
by the given packed binary string (created by "to_bin"). Note that
objects created using this method are necessarily nonnegative.
new
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new;
Returns a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object representing 0
zero
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->zero;
Returns a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object representing 0 (same as
new)
one
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->one;
Returns a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object representing 1
rand
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->rand($bits, $top, $bottom)
# $bits, $top, $bottom are integers
generates a cryptographically strong pseudo-random number of bits
bits in length and stores it in rnd. If top is -1, the most
significant bit of the random number can be zero. If top is 0, it is
set to 1, and if top is 1, the two most significant bits of the
number will be set to 1, so that the product of two such random
numbers will always have 2*bits length. If bottom is true, the
number will be odd.
pseudo_rand
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->pseudo_rand($bits, $top, $bottom)
# $bits, $top, $bottom are integers
does the same, but pseudo-random numbers generated by this function
are not necessarily unpredictable. They can be used for
non-cryptographic purposes and for certain purposes in cryptographic
protocols, but usually not for key generation etc.
rand_range
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->rand_range($bn_range)
generates a cryptographically strong pseudo-random number rnd in the
range 0 <lt>= rnd < range. BN_pseudo_rand_range() does the same, but
is based on BN_pseudo_rand(), and hence numbers generated by it are
not necessarily unpredictable.
bless_pointer
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->bless_pointer($BIGNUM_ptr)
Given a pointer to a OpenSSL BIGNUM object in memory, construct and
return Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object around this. Note that the
underlying BIGNUM object will be destroyed (via BN_clear_free(3ssl))
when the returned Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object is no longer
referenced, so the pointer passed to this method should only be
referenced via the returned perl object after calling bless_pointer.
This method is intended only for use by XSUB writers writing code
that interfaces with OpenSSL library methods, and who wish to be
able to return a BIGNUM structure to perl as a
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object.
Instance Methods
to_decimal
my $decimal_string = $self->to_decimal;
Return a decimal string representation of this object.
to_hex
my $hex_string = $self->to_hex;
Return a hexadecimal string representation of this object.
to_bin
my $bin_buffer = $self->to_bin;
Return a packed binary string representation of this object. Note
that sign is ignored, so that to bin called on a
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object representing a negative number returns
the same value as it would called on an object representing that
number's absolute value.
get_word
my $unsigned_int = $self->get_word;
Return a scalar integer representation of this object, if it can be
represented as an unsigned long.
is_zero
my $bool = $self->is_zero;
Returns true of this object represents 0.
is_one
my $bool = $self->is_one;
Returns true of this object represents 1.
is_odd
my $bool = $self->is_odd;
Returns true of this object represents an odd number.
add
my $new_bn_object = $self->add($bn_b); # $new_bn_object = $self + $bn_b
# or
$self->add($bn_b, $result_bn); # $result_bn = $self + $bn_b
This method returns the sum of this object and the first argument.
If only one argument is passed, a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object
is created for the return value; otherwise, the value of second
argument is set to the result and returned.
sub
my $new_bn_object = $self->sub($bn_b); # $new_bn_object = $self - $bn_b
# or
$self->sub($bn_b, $result_bn); # $result_bn = $self - $bn_b
This method returns the difference of this object and the first
argument. If only one argument is passed, a new
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object is created for the return value;
otherwise, the value of second argument is set to the result and
returned.
mul
my $new_bn_object = $self->mul($bn_b, $ctx); # $new_bn_object = $self * $bn_b
# or
$self->mul($bn_b, $ctx, $result_bn); # $result_bn = $self * $bn_b
This method returns the product of this object and the first
argument, using the second argument, a Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX
object, as a scratchpad. If only two arguments are passed, a new
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object is created for the return value;
otherwise, the value of third argument is set to the result and
returned.
div
my ($quotient, $remainder) = $self->div($bn_b, $ctx);
# or
$self->div($bn_b, $ctx, $quotient, $remainder);
This method returns a list consisting of quotient and the remainder
obtained by dividing this object by the first argument, using the
second argument, a Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX object, as a
scratchpad. If only two arguments are passed, new
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum objects are created for both return values.
If a third argument is passed, otherwise, the value of third
argument is set to the quotient. If a fourth argument is passed, the
value of the fourth argument is set to the remainder.
mod
my $remainder = $self->mod($bn_b, $ctx);
# or
$self->mod($bn_b, $ctx, $remainder);
This method returns the remainder obtained by dividing this object
by the first argument, a Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX object, as a
scratchpad. Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object is created for the return
value. If a third argument is passed, the value of third argument is
set to the remainder.
sqr
my $new_bn_object = $self->sqr($ctx);
# new object is created $self is not modified
This method returns the square ("$self ** 2") of
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object.
exp
my $new_bn_object = $self->exp($bn_exp, $ctx);
# new object is created $self is not modified
This method returns the product of this object exponentiated by the
first argument (Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object), using the second
argument, a Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX object, as a scratchpad.
mod_exp
my $new_bn_object = $self->exp_mod($bn_exp, $bn_mod, $ctx);
# new object is created $self is not modified
This method returns the product of this object exponentiated by the
first argument (Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object), modulo the second
argument (also Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object), using the third
argument, a Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX object, as a scratchpad.
mod_mul
my $new_bn_object = $self->mod_mul($bn_b, $bn_mod, $ctx);
# new object is created $self is not modified
This method returns "($self * $bn_b) % $bn_mod", using the third
argument, a Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX object, as a scratchpad.
mod_inverse
my $new_bn_object = $self->mod_inverse($bn_n, $ctx);
# new object is created $self is not modified
Computes the inverse of $self modulo $bn_n and returns the result in
a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object, using the second argument, a
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX object, as a scratchpad.
gcd
my $new_bn_object = $self->gcd($bn_b, $ctx);
# new object is created $self is not modified
Computes the greatest common divisor of $self and $bn_b and returns
the result in a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object, using the second
argument, a Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX object, as a scratchpad.
cmp
my $result = $self->cmp($bn_b);
#returns:
# -1 if self < bn_b
# 0 if self == bn_b
# 1 if self > bn_b
Comparison of values $self and $bn_b (Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum
objects).
ucmp
my $result = $self->ucmp($bn_b);
#returns:
# -1 if |self| < |bn_b|
# 0 if |self| == |bn_b|
# 1 if |self| > |bn_b|
Comparison using the absolute values of $self and $bn_b
(Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum objects).
equals
my $result = $self->equals($bn_b);
#returns:
# 1 if self == bn_b
# 0 otherwise
num_bits
my $bits = $self->num_bits;
Returns the number of significant bits in a word. If we take
0x00000432 as an example, it returns 11, not 16, not 32. Basically,
except for a zero, it returns "floor(log2(w)) + 1".
num_bytes
my $bytes = $self->num_bytes;
Returns the size of binary represenatation in bytes.
rshift
my $new_bn_object = $self->rshift($n);
# new object is created $self is not modified
Shifts a right by $n (integer) bits and places the result into a
newly created Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object.
lshift
my $new_bn_object = $self->lshift($n);
# new object is created $self is not modified
Shifts a left by $n (integer) bits and places the result into a
newly created Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object.
swap
my $bn_a = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_decimal("1234567890001");
my $bn_b = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_decimal("1234567890002");
$bn_a->swap($bn_b);
# or
$bn_b->swap($bn_a);
Exchanges the values of two Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum objects.
copy
my $new_bn_object = $self->copy;
Returns a copy of this object.
pointer_copy
my $cloned_BIGNUM_ptr = $self->pointer_copy($BIGNUM_ptr);
This method is intended only for use by XSUB writers wanting to have
access to the underlying BIGNUM structure referenced by a
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum perl object so that they can pass them to
other routines in the OpenSSL library. It returns a perl scalar
whose IV can be cast to a BIGNUM* value. This can then be passed to
an XSUB which can work with the BIGNUM directly. Note that the
BIGNUM object pointed to will be a copy of the BIGNUM object wrapped
by the instance; it is thus the responsibility of the client to free
space allocated by this BIGNUM object if and when it is done with
it. See also bless_pointer.
AUTHOR
Ian Robertson, iroberts AT cpan.org
SEE ALSO
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/bn.html>
Generated by phpMan Author: Che Dong On Apache Under GNU General Public License - MarkDown Format
2026-05-21 22:10 @216.73.216.105 CrawledBy Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)