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SG_PERSIST(8) SG3_UTILS SG_PERSIST(8)
NAME
sg_persist - use SCSI PERSISTENT RESERVE command to access registrations and reservations
SYNOPSIS
sg_persist [OPTIONS] DEVICE
sg_persist [OPTIONS] --device=DEVICE
sg_persist --help | --version
DESCRIPTION
This utility allows Persistent reservations and registrations to be queried and changed.
Persistent reservations and registrations are queried by sub-commands (called "service ac-
tions" in SPC-4) of the SCSI PERSISTENT RESERVE IN (PRIN) command. Persistent reservations
and registrations are changed by sub-commands of the SCSI PERSISTENT RESERVE OUT (PROUT)
command.
There is a two stage process to obtain a persistent reservation. First an application (an
I_T nexus in standard's jargon) must register a reservation key. If that is accepted (and
it should be unless some other I_T nexus has registered that key) then the application can
try and reserve the device. The reserve operation must specify the reservation key and a
"type" (see the --prout-type=TYPE option).
It is relatively safe to query the state of Persistent reservations and registrations.
With no options this utility defaults to the READ KEYS sub-command of the PRIN command.
Other PRIN sub-commands are READ RESERVATION, REPORT CAPABILITIES and READ FULL STATUS.
Before trying to change Persistent reservations and registrations users should be aware of
what they are doing. The relevant sections of the SCSI Primary Commands document (i.e.
SPC-5 whose most recent draft is revision 18 dated 4 January 2018) are sections 5.14 (ti-
tled "Reservations"), 6.16 (for the PRIN command) and 6.17 (for the PROUT command). To
safeguard against accidental use, the --out option must be given when a PROUT sub-command
(e.g. --register) is used.
The older SCSI RESERVE and RELEASE commands (both 6 and 10 byte variants) are not sup-
ported by this utility. In SPC-3, RESERVE and RELEASE are deprecated, replaced by Persis-
tent Reservations. RESERVE and RELEASE have been removed from SPC-4 and Annex B is pro-
vided showing how to convert to persistent reservation commands. See a utility called 'sc-
sires' for support of the SCSI RESERVE and RELEASE commands.
The DEVICE is required by all variants of this utility apart from --help. The DEVICE can
be given either as an argument (typically but not necessarily the last one) or via the
--device=DEVICE option.
SPC-4 does not use the term "sub-command". It uses the term "service action" for this and
for part of a field's name in the parameter block associated with the PROUT command (i.e.
"service action reservation key"). To lessen the potential confusion the term "sub-com-
mand" has been introduced.
OPTIONS
Arguments to long options are mandatory for short options as well. The following options
are sorted in alphabetical order, based on their long option name.
-l, --alloc-length=LEN
specify the allocation length of the PRIN command. LEN is a hex value. By default
this value is set to the size of the data-in buffer (8192). This parameter is of
use for verification that response to PRIN commands with various allocation lengths
is per section 4.3.5.6 of SPC-4 revision 18. Valid LEN values are 0-8192.
-C, --clear
Clear is a sub-command of the PROUT command. It releases the persistent reservation
(if any) and clears all registrations from the device. It is required to supply a
reservation key that is registered for this I_T_L nexus (identified by
--param-rk=RK).
-d, --device=DEVICE
DEVICE to send SCSI commands to. The DEVICE can either be provided via this option
or via a freestanding argument. For example, these two: 'sg_persist --de-
vice=/dev/sg2' and 'sg_persist /dev/sg2' are equivalent.
-h, --help
output a usage message showing main options. Use twice (e.g. '-hh') for the other
option and more help.
-H, --hex
the response to a valid PRIN sub-command will be output in hexadecimal. By default
(i.e. without this option) if the PRIN sub-command is recognised then the response
will be decoded as per SPC-4. May be used more than once for more hex and less
text.
-i, --in
specify that a SCSI PERSISTENT RESERVE IN command is required. This is the default.
-m, --maxlen=LEN
LEN is used as the ALLOCATION LENGTH field of the PRIN command. LEN is by default
a decimal value. To give a hex value use a '0x' or '0X' prefix, or use a 'h' (or
'H') suffix. Can also take multipliers, see --maxlen=LEN option in the sg3_utils
manual page.
This option is the same as --alloc-length=LEN option apart from the representation
of LEN. The option defaults to decimal while --alloc-length=LEN only takes hex.
-n, --no-inquiry
the default action is to do a standard SCSI INQUIRY command and output make, prod-
uct and revision strings plus the peripheral device type prior to executing a PRIN
or PROUT command. With this option the INQUIRY command is skipped.
-o, --out
specify that a SCSI PERSISTENT RESERVE OUT command is required.
-Y, --param-alltgpt
set the 'all target ports' (ALL_TG_PT) flag in the parameter block of the PROUT
command. Only relevant for 'register' and 'register and ignore existing key'
sub-commands.
-Z, --param-aptpl
set the 'activate persist through power loss' (APTPL) flag in the parameter block
of the PROUT command. Relevant for 'register', 'register and ignore existing key'
and 'register and move' sub-commands.
-K, --param-rk=RK
specify the reservation key found in the parameter block of the PROUT command. RK
is assumed to be hex (up to 8 bytes long). Default value is 0. This option is
needed by most PROUT sub-commands.
-S, --param-sark=SARK
specify the service action reservation key found in the parameter block of the
PROUT command. SARK is assumed to be hex (up to 8 bytes long). Default value is 0.
This option is needed by some PROUT sub-commands.
-P, --preempt
Preempt is a sub-command of the PROUT command. Preempts the existing persistent
reservation (identified by --param-sark=SARK) with the registration key that is
registered for this I_T_L nexus (identified by --param-rk=RK). If a new reservation
is established as a result of the preemption then the supplied --prout-type=TYPE is
used as the type for this new reservation.
-A, --preempt-abort
Preempt and Abort is a sub-command of the PROUT command. Preempts the existing per-
sistent reservation (identified by --param-sark=SARK) with the registration key
that is registered for this I_T_L nexus (identified by --param-rk=RK). If a new
reservation is established as a result of the preemption then the supplied
--prout-type=TYPE is used as the type for this new reservation. ACA and other pend-
ing tasks are aborted.
-T, --prout-type=TYPE
specify the PROUT command's 'type' argument. Required by the 'register-move', 're-
serve', 'release' and 'preempt (and abort)' sub-commands. Valid TYPE values: 1->
write exclusive, 3-> exclusive access, 5-> write exclusive - registrants only, 6->
exclusive access - registrants only, 7-> write exclusive - all registrants, 8-> ex-
clusive access - all registrants. Default value is 0 (which is an invalid type).
Each "persistent reservation type" is explained in more detail in a subsection of
that name in the read reservation section of the PRIN command (section 6.15.3.3 of
SPC-4 revision 37).
-s, --read-full-status
Read Full Status is a sub-command of the PRIN command. For each registration with
the given SCSI device, it lists the reservation key and associated information.
TransportIDs, if supplied in the response, are decoded.
-k, --read-keys
Read Keys is a sub-command of the PRIN command. Lists all the reservation keys reg-
istered (i.e. registrations) with the given SCSI device. This is the default
sub-command for the SCSI PRIN command.
-y, --readonly
Open DEVICE read-only. May be useful with PRIN commands if there are unwanted side
effects with the default read-write open. When given twice is interpreted as forc-
ing a read-write open thus overriding the SG_PERSIST_IN_RDONLY environment variable
if present. See the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section for more.
-r, --read-reservation
Read Reservation is a sub-command of the PRIN command. List information about the
current holder of the reservation on the DEVICE. If there is no current reservation
this will be noted. Information about the current holder of the reservation in-
cludes its reservation key, scope and type.
-s, --read-status
same as --read-full-status.
-G, --register
Register is a sub-command of the PROUT command. It has 3 different actions depend-
ing on associated parameters. a) add a new registration with '--param-rk=0' and
'--param-sark=<new_rk>'; b) Change an existing registration with
'--param-rk=<old_rk>' and '--param-sark=<new_rk>'; or c) Delete an existing regis-
tration with '--param-rk=<old_rk>' and '--param-sark=0'.
-I, --register-ignore
Register and Ignore Existing Key is a sub-command of the PROUT command. Similar to
--register except that when changing a reservation key the old key is not speci-
fied. The '--param-sark=<new_rk>' option should also be given.
-M, --register-move
register (another initiator) and move (the reservation held by the current initia-
tor to that other initiator) is a sub-command of the PROUT command. It requires
the transportID of the other initiator. [The standard uses the term I_T nexus but
the point to stress is that there are two initiators (the one sending this command
and another one) but only one logical unit.] The --prout-type=TYPE and
--param-rk=RK options need to match that of the existing reservation while
--param-sark=SARK option specifies the reservation key of the new (i.e. destina-
tion) registration.
-Q, --relative-target-port=RTPI
relative target port identifier that reservation is to be moved to by PROUT 'regis-
ter and move' sub-command. RTPI is assumed to be hex in the range 0 to ffff inclu-
sive. Defaults to 0 .
-L, --release
Release is a sub-command of the PROUT command. It releases the current persistent
reservation. The --prout-type=TYPE and --param-rk=RK options, matching the reserva-
tion, must also be specified.
-z, --replace-lost
Replace Lost Reservation is a sub-command of the PROUT command. It "begins a re-
covery process for the lost persistent reservation that is managed by application
clients". It also stops the device server terminating commands due to a lost per-
sistent reservation. Options should be be '--param-rk=0' (or not given),
'--param-sark=<new_rk>' and --prout-type=TYPE.
-c, --report-capabilities
Report Capabilities is a sub-command of the PRIN command. It lists information
about the aspects of persistent reservations that the DEVICE supports.
-R, --reserve
Reserve is a sub-command of the PROUT command. It creates a new persistent reserva-
tion (if permitted). The --prout-type=TYPE and --param-rk=RK options must also be
specified.
-X, --transport-id=TIDS
The TIDS argument can take one of several forms. It can be a comma (or single
space) separated list of ASCII hex bytes representing a single TransportID as de-
fined in SPC-4. They are usually 24 bytes long apart from in iSCSI. The TIDS argu-
ment may be a transport specific form (e.g. "sas,5000c50005b32001" is clearer than
an equivalent to the hex byte form: "6,0,0,0,5,0,c5,0,5,b3,20,1"). The TIDS argu-
ment may be "-" in which case one or more TransportIDs can be read from stdin. The
TIDS argument may be of the form "file=<name>" in which case one or more Trans-
portIDs can be read from a file called <name>. See the "TRANSPORT IDs" section be-
low for more information.
-U, --unreg
optional when the PROUT register and move sub-command is invoked. If given it will
unregister the current initiator (I_T nexus) after the other initiator has been
registered and the reservation moved to it. When not given the initiator (I_T
nexus) that sent the PROUT command remains registered.
-v, --verbose
print out cdb of issued commands prior to execution. If used twice prints out the
parameter block associated with the PROUT command prior to its execution as well.
If used thrice decodes given transportID(s) as well. To see the response to a PRIN
command in low level form use the --hex option.
-V, --version
print out version string. Ignore all other parameters.
-? output usage message. Ignore all other parameters.
TRANSPORT IDs
TransportIDs are used in persistent reservations to identify initiators. The format of a
TransportID differs depending on the type of transport being used. Their format is de-
scribed in SPC-4 (in draft revision 37 see section 7.6.4).
A TransportID is required for the PROUT 'register and move' sub-command and the PROUT
'register' sub-command can have zero, one or more TransportIDs.
When the --transport-id=TIDS option is given then the TIDS argument may be a comma (or
single space) separated list of ASCII hex bytes that represent a single TransportID as de-
fined in SPC-4. Alternatively the TIDS argument may be a transport specific string start-
ing with either "fcp,", "spi,", "sbp,", "srp,", "iqn", "sas," or "sop,". The "iqn" form is
an iSCSI qualified name. Apart from "iqn" the other transport specific leadin string may
be given in upper case (e.g. "FCP,").
The "fcp," form should be followed by 16 ASCII hex digits that represent an initiator's
N_PORT_NAME (e.g. "fcp,10000000C9F3A571"). The "spi," form should be followed by
"<scsi_address>,<relative_target_port_identifier>" (both decimal numbers). The "sbp," form
should be followed by 16 ASCII hex digits that represent an initiator's EUI-64 name. The
"srp," form should be followed by 32 ASCII hex digits that represent an initiator port
identifier. The "sas," form should be followed by 16 ASCII hex digits that represent an
initiator's port SAS address (e.g. "sas,5000c50005b32001"). The "sop," form takes a hex
number that represents a routing id.
There are two iSCSI qualified name forms. The shorter form contains the iSCSI name of the
initiator port (e.g. "iqn.5886.com.acme.diskarrays-sn-a8675309"). The longer form adds the
initiator session id (ISID in hex) separated by ",i,0x". For example
"iqn.5886.com.acme.diskarrays-sn-a8675309,i,0x1234567890ab". On the command line to stop
punctuation in an iSCSI name being (mis)-interpreted by the shell, putting the option ar-
gument containing the iSCSI name in double quotes is advised. iSCSI names are encoded in
UTF-8 so if non (7 bit) ASCII characters appear in the iSCSI name on the command line,
there will be difficulties if they are not encoded in UTF-8. The locale can be changed
temporarily by prefixing the command line invocation of sg_persist with "LANG=en_US.utf-8"
for example.
Alternatively the TIDS argument may specify a file (or pipe) from which one or more Trans-
portIDs may be read. If the TIDS argument is "-" then stdin (standard input) is read. If
the TIDS argument is of the form "file=<name>" then a file called <name> is read. A valid
SPC-4 TransportID is built from the transport specific string outlined in the previous
paragraphs. The parsing of the data read is relatively simple. Empty lines are ignored.
Everything from and including a "#" on a line is ignored. Leading spaces and tabs are ig-
nored. There can be one transportID per line. The transportID can either be a comma, space
or tab separated list of ASCII hex bytes that represent a TransportID as defined in SPC-4.
Padding with zero bytes to a minimum length of 24 bytes is performed if necessary. The
transportID may also be transport specific string type discussed above.
In SPC-3 the SPEC_I_PT bit set to one and TransportIDs were allowed for the PROUT register
and ignore existing key sub-command. In SPC-4 that is disallowed yielding a CHECK CONDI-
TION status with and ILLEGAL REQUEST sense key and an additional sense code set to INVALID
FIELD IN PARAMETER LIST.
NOTES
In the 2.4 series of Linux kernels the DEVICE must be a SCSI generic (sg) device. In the
2.6 series any SCSI device name (e.g. /dev/sdc, /dev/st1m or /dev/sg3) can be specified.
For example "sg_persist --read-keys /dev/sdb" will work in the 2.6 series kernels.
The only scope for PROUT commands supported in the current draft of SPC-4 is "LU_SCOPE".
Hence there seems to be no point in offering an option to set scope to another value.
Most errors with the PROUT sub-commands (e.g. missing or mismatched --prout-type=TYPE)
will result in a RESERVATION CONFLICT status. This can be a bit confusing when you know
there is only one (active) initiator: the "conflict" is with the SPC standard, not another
initiator.
Some recent disks accept some PRIN and PROUT sub-commands when the media is stopped. One
exception was setting the APTPL flag (with the --param-aptpl option) during a key register
operation, it complained if the disk one stopped. The error indicated it wanted the disk
spun up and when that happened, the registration was successful.
EXAMPLES
These examples use Linux device names. For suitable device names in other supported Oper-
ating Systems see the sg3_utils(8) man page.
Due to the various option defaults the simplest example executes the 'read keys' sub-com-
mand of the PRIN command:
sg_persist /dev/sdb
This is the same as the following (long-winded) command:
sg_persist --in --read-keys --device=/dev/sdb
To read the current reservation either the '--read-reservation' form or the shorter '-r'
can be used:
sg_persist -r /dev/sdb
To register the new reservation key 0x123abc the following could be used:
sg_persist --out --register --param-sark=123abc /dev/sdb
Given the above registration succeeds, to reserve the DEVICE (with type 'write exclusive')
the following could be used:
sg_persist --out --reserve --param-rk=123abc
--prout-type=1 /dev/sdb
To release the reservation the following can be given (note that the --param-rk and
--prout-type arguments must match those of the reservation):
sg_persist --out --release --param-rk=123abc
--prout-type=1 /dev/sdb
Finally to unregister a reservation key (and not effect other registrations which is what
'--clear' would do) the command is a little surprising:
sg_persist --out --register --param-rk=123abc /dev/sdb
Now have a close look at the difference between the register and unregister examples
above.
An example file that is suitably formatted to pass transportIDs via a '--trans-
port-id=file=transport_ids.txt' option can be found in the examples sub-directory of the
sg3_utils package. There is also a simple test script called sg_persist_tst.sh in the same
directory.
The above sequence of commands was tested successfully on a Seagate Savvio 10K.3 disk and
a 1200 SSD both of which have SAS interfaces.
EXIT STATUS
The exit status of sg_persist is 0 when it is successful. Otherwise see the sg3_utils(8)
man page.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
Currently there is one recognised environment variable: SG_PERSIST_IN_RDONLY. If present
and only if a PRIN command has been selected then the given DEVICE is opened read-only
(e.g. in Unix that is with the O_RDONLY flag). See the --readonly option.
AUTHOR
Written by Douglas Gilbert
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to <dgilbert at interlog dot com>.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2004-2018 Douglas Gilbert
This software is distributed under the GPL version 2. There is NO warranty; not even for
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
SEE ALSO
sg3_utils(sg3_utils), scsires(internet)
sg3_utils-1.43 June 2018 SG_PERSIST(8)
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