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READELF(1)                            GNU Development Tools                            READELF(1)

NAME
       readelf - display information about ELF files

SYNOPSIS
       readelf [-a|--all]
               [-h|--file-header]
               [-l|--program-headers|--segments]
               [-S|--section-headers|--sections]
               [-g|--section-groups]
               [-t|--section-details]
               [-e|--headers]
               [-s|--syms|--symbols]
               [--dyn-syms|--lto-syms]
               [--sym-base=[0|8|10|16]]
               [--demangle=style|--no-demangle]
               [--quiet]
               [--recurse-limit|--no-recurse-limit]
               [-U method|--unicode=method]
               [-n|--notes]
               [-r|--relocs]
               [-u|--unwind]
               [-d|--dynamic]
               [-V|--version-info]
               [-A|--arch-specific]
               [-D|--use-dynamic]
               [-L|--lint|--enable-checks]
               [-x <number or name>|--hex-dump=<number or name>]
               [-p <number or name>|--string-dump=<number or name>]
               [-R <number or name>|--relocated-dump=<number or name>]
               [-z|--decompress]
               [-c|--archive-index]
               [-w[lLiaprmfFsoORtUuTgAck]|
                --debug-dump[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=str-offsets,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index,=addr,=cu_index,=links]]
               [-wK|--debug-dump=follow-links]
               [-wN|--debug-dump=no-follow-links]
               [-P|--process-links]
               [--dwarf-depth=n]
               [--dwarf-start=n]
               [--ctf=section]
               [--ctf-parent=section]
               [--ctf-symbols=section]
               [--ctf-strings=section]
               [-I|--histogram]
               [-v|--version]
               [-W|--wide]
               [-T|--silent-truncation]
               [-H|--help]
               elffile...

DESCRIPTION
       readelf displays information about one or more ELF format object files.  The options
       control what particular information to display.

       elffile... are the object files to be examined.  32-bit and 64-bit ELF files are
       supported, as are archives containing ELF files.

       This program performs a similar function to objdump but it goes into more detail and it
       exists independently of the BFD library, so if there is a bug in BFD then readelf will not
       be affected.

OPTIONS
       The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are equivalent.  At least
       one option besides -v or -H must be given.

       -a
       --all
           Equivalent to specifying --file-header, --program-headers, --sections, --symbols,
           --relocs, --dynamic, --notes, --version-info, --arch-specific, --unwind,
           --section-groups and --histogram.

           Note - this option does not enable --use-dynamic itself, so if that option is not
           present on the command line then dynamic symbols and dynamic relocs will not be
           displayed.

       -h
       --file-header
           Displays the information contained in the ELF header at the start of the file.

       -l
       --program-headers
       --segments
           Displays the information contained in the file's segment headers, if it has any.

       --quiet
           Suppress "no symbols" diagnostic.

       -S
       --sections
       --section-headers
           Displays the information contained in the file's section headers, if it has any.

       -g
       --section-groups
           Displays the information contained in the file's section groups, if it has any.

       -t
       --section-details
           Displays the detailed section information. Implies -S.

       -s
       --symbols
       --syms
           Displays the entries in symbol table section of the file, if it has one.  If a symbol
           has version information associated with it then this is displayed as well.  The
           version string is displayed as a suffix to the symbol name, preceded by an @
           character.  For example foo@VER_1.  If the version is the default version to be used
           when resolving unversioned references to the symbol then it is displayed as a suffix
           preceded by two @ characters.  For example foo@@VER_2.

       --dyn-syms
           Displays the entries in dynamic symbol table section of the file, if it has one.  The
           output format is the same as the format used by the --syms option.

       --lto-syms
           Displays the contents of any LTO symbol tables in the file.

       --sym-base=[0|8|10|16]
           Forces the size field of the symbol table to use the given base.  Any unrecognized
           options will be treated as 0.  --sym-base=0 represents the default and legacy
           behaviour.  This will output sizes as decimal for numbers less than 100000.  For sizes
           100000 and greater hexadecimal notation will be used with a 0x prefix.  --sym-base=8
           will give the symbol sizes in octal.  --sym-base=10 will always give the symbol sizes
           in decimal.  --sym-base=16 will always give the symbol sizes in hexadecimal with a 0x
           prefix.

       -C
       --demangle[=style]
           Decode (demangle) low-level symbol names into user-level names.  This makes C++
           function names readable.  Different compilers have different mangling styles.  The
           optional demangling style argument can be used to choose an appropriate demangling
           style for your compiler.

       --no-demangle
           Do not demangle low-level symbol names.  This is the default.

       --recurse-limit
       --no-recurse-limit
       --recursion-limit
       --no-recursion-limit
           Enables or disables a limit on the amount of recursion performed whilst demangling
           strings.  Since the name mangling formats allow for an infinite level of recursion it
           is possible to create strings whose decoding will exhaust the amount of stack space
           available on the host machine, triggering a memory fault.  The limit tries to prevent
           this from happening by restricting recursion to 2048 levels of nesting.

           The default is for this limit to be enabled, but disabling it may be necessary in
           order to demangle truly complicated names.  Note however that if the recursion limit
           is disabled then stack exhaustion is possible and any bug reports about such an event
           will be rejected.

       -U [d|i|l|e|x|h]
       --unicode=[default|invalid|locale|escape|hex|highlight]
           Controls the display of non-ASCII characters in identifier names.  The default
           (--unicode=locale or --unicode=default) is to treat them as multibyte characters and
           display them in the current locale.  All other versions of this option treat the bytes
           as UTF-8 encoded values and attempt to interpret them.  If they cannot be interpreted
           or if the --unicode=invalid option is used then they are displayed as a sequence of
           hex bytes, encloses in curly parethesis characters.

           Using the --unicode=escape option will display the characters as as unicode escape
           sequences (\uxxxx).  Using the --unicode=hex will display the characters as hex byte
           sequences enclosed between angle brackets.

           Using the --unicode=highlight will display the characters as unicode escape sequences
           but it will also highlighted them in red, assuming that colouring is supported by the
           output device.  The colouring is intended to draw attention to the presence of unicode
           sequences when they might not be expected.

       -e
       --headers
           Display all the headers in the file.  Equivalent to -h -l -S.

       -n
       --notes
           Displays the contents of the NOTE segments and/or sections, if any.

       -r
       --relocs
           Displays the contents of the file's relocation section, if it has one.

       -u
       --unwind
           Displays the contents of the file's unwind section, if it has one.  Only the unwind
           sections for IA64 ELF files, as well as ARM unwind tables (".ARM.exidx" /
           ".ARM.extab") are currently supported.  If support is not yet implemented for your
           architecture you could try dumping the contents of the .eh_frames section using the
           --debug-dump=frames or --debug-dump=frames-interp options.

       -d
       --dynamic
           Displays the contents of the file's dynamic section, if it has one.

       -V
       --version-info
           Displays the contents of the version sections in the file, it they exist.

       -A
       --arch-specific
           Displays architecture-specific information in the file, if there is any.

       -D
       --use-dynamic
           When displaying symbols, this option makes readelf use the symbol hash tables in the
           file's dynamic section, rather than the symbol table sections.

           When displaying relocations, this option makes readelf display the dynamic relocations
           rather than the static relocations.

       -L
       --lint
       --enable-checks
           Displays warning messages about possible problems with the file(s) being examined.  If
           used on its own then all of the contents of the file(s) will be examined.  If used
           with one of the dumping options then the warning messages will only be produced for
           the things being displayed.

       -x <number or name>
       --hex-dump=<number or name>
           Displays the contents of the indicated section as a hexadecimal bytes.  A number
           identifies a particular section by index in the section table; any other string
           identifies all sections with that name in the object file.

       -R <number or name>
       --relocated-dump=<number or name>
           Displays the contents of the indicated section as a hexadecimal bytes.  A number
           identifies a particular section by index in the section table; any other string
           identifies all sections with that name in the object file.  The contents of the
           section will be relocated before they are displayed.

       -p <number or name>
       --string-dump=<number or name>
           Displays the contents of the indicated section as printable strings.  A number
           identifies a particular section by index in the section table; any other string
           identifies all sections with that name in the object file.

       -z
       --decompress
           Requests that the section(s) being dumped by x, R or p options are decompressed before
           being displayed.  If the section(s) are not compressed then they are displayed as is.

       -c
       --archive-index
           Displays the file symbol index information contained in the header part of binary
           archives.  Performs the same function as the t command to ar, but without using the
           BFD library.

       -w[lLiaprmfFsOoRtUuTgAckK]
       --debug-dump[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=str-offsets,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index,=addr,=cu_index,=links,=follow-links]
           Displays the contents of the DWARF debug sections in the file, if any are present.
           Compressed debug sections are automatically decompressed (temporarily) before they are
           displayed.  If one or more of the optional letters or words follows the switch then
           only those type(s) of data will be dumped.  The letters and words refer to the
           following information:

           "a"
           "=abbrev"
               Displays the contents of the .debug_abbrev section.

           "A"
           "=addr"
               Displays the contents of the .debug_addr section.

           "c"
           "=cu_index"
               Displays the contents of the .debug_cu_index and/or .debug_tu_index sections.

           "f"
           "=frames"
               Display the raw contents of a .debug_frame section.

           "F"
           "=frames-interp"
               Display the interpreted contents of a .debug_frame section.

           "g"
           "=gdb_index"
               Displays the contents of the .gdb_index and/or .debug_names sections.

           "i"
           "=info"
               Displays the contents of the .debug_info section.  Note: the output from this
               option can also be restricted by the use of the --dwarf-depth and --dwarf-start
               options.

           "k"
           "=links"
               Displays the contents of the .gnu_debuglink, .gnu_debugaltlink and .debug_sup
               sections, if any of them are present.  Also displays any links to separate dwarf
               object files (dwo), if they are specified by the DW_AT_GNU_dwo_name or
               DW_AT_dwo_name attributes in the .debug_info section.

           "K"
           "=follow-links"
               Display the contents of any selected debug sections that are found in linked,
               separate debug info file(s).  This can result in multiple versions of the same
               debug section being displayed if it exists in more than one file.

               In addition, when displaying DWARF attributes, if a form is found that references
               the separate debug info file, then the referenced contents will also be displayed.

               Note - in some distributions this option is enabled by default.  It can be
               disabled via the N debug option.  The default can be chosen when configuring the
               binutils via the --enable-follow-debug-links=yes or --enable-follow-debug-links=no
               options.  If these are not used then the default is to enable the following of
               debug links.

           "N"
           "=no-follow-links"
               Disables the following of links to separate debug info files.

           "l"
           "=rawline"
               Displays the contents of the .debug_line section in a raw format.

           "L"
           "=decodedline"
               Displays the interpreted contents of the .debug_line section.

           "m"
           "=macro"
               Displays the contents of the .debug_macro and/or .debug_macinfo sections.

           "o"
           "=loc"
               Displays the contents of the .debug_loc and/or .debug_loclists sections.

           "O"
           "=str-offsets"
               Displays the contents of the .debug_str_offsets section.

           "p"
           "=pubnames"
               Displays the contents of the .debug_pubnames and/or .debug_gnu_pubnames sections.

           "r"
           "=aranges"
               Displays the contents of the .debug_aranges section.

           "R"
           "=Ranges"
               Displays the contents of the .debug_ranges and/or .debug_rnglists sections.

           "s"
           "=str"
               Displays the contents of the .debug_str, .debug_line_str and/or .debug_str_offsets
               sections.

           "t"
           "=pubtype"
               Displays the contents of the .debug_pubtypes and/or .debug_gnu_pubtypes sections.

           "T"
           "=trace_aranges"
               Displays the contents of the .trace_aranges section.

           "u"
           "=trace_abbrev"
               Displays the contents of the .trace_abbrev section.

           "U"
           "=trace_info"
               Displays the contents of the .trace_info section.

           Note: displaying the contents of .debug_static_funcs, .debug_static_vars and
           debug_weaknames sections is not currently supported.

       --dwarf-depth=n
           Limit the dump of the ".debug_info" section to n children.  This is only useful with
           --debug-dump=info.  The default is to print all DIEs; the special value 0 for n will
           also have this effect.

           With a non-zero value for n, DIEs at or deeper than n levels will not be printed.  The
           range for n is zero-based.

       --dwarf-start=n
           Print only DIEs beginning with the DIE numbered n.  This is only useful with
           --debug-dump=info.

           If specified, this option will suppress printing of any header information and all
           DIEs before the DIE numbered n.  Only siblings and children of the specified DIE will
           be printed.

           This can be used in conjunction with --dwarf-depth.

       -P
       --process-links
           Display the contents of non-debug sections found in separate debuginfo files that are
           linked to the main file.  This option automatically implies the -wK option, and only
           sections requested by other command line options will be displayed.

       --ctf[=section]
           Display the contents of the specified CTF section.  CTF sections themselves contain
           many subsections, all of which are displayed in order.

           By default, display the name of the section named .ctf, which is the name emitted by
           ld.

       --ctf-parent=member
           If the CTF section contains ambiguously-defined types, it will consist of an archive
           of many CTF dictionaries, all inheriting from one dictionary containing unambiguous
           types.  This member is by default named .ctf, like the section containing it, but it
           is possible to change this name using the "ctf_link_set_memb_name_changer" function at
           link time.  When looking at CTF archives that have been created by a linker that uses
           the name changer to rename the parent archive member, --ctf-parent can be used to
           specify the name used for the parent.

       --ctf-symbols=section
       --ctf-strings=section
           Specify the name of another section from which the CTF file can inherit strings and
           symbols.  By default, the ".symtab" and its linked string table are used.

           If either of --ctf-symbols or --ctf-strings is specified, the other must be specified
           as well.

       -I
       --histogram
           Display a histogram of bucket list lengths when displaying the contents of the symbol
           tables.

       -v
       --version
           Display the version number of readelf.

       -W
       --wide
           Don't break output lines to fit into 80 columns. By default readelf breaks section
           header and segment listing lines for 64-bit ELF files, so that they fit into 80
           columns. This option causes readelf to print each section header resp. each segment
           one a single line, which is far more readable on terminals wider than 80 columns.

       -T
       --silent-truncation
           Normally when readelf is displaying a symbol name, and it has to truncate the name to
           fit into an 80 column display, it will add a suffix of "[...]" to the name.  This
           command line option disables this behaviour, allowing 5 more characters of the name to
           be displayed and restoring the old behaviour of readelf (prior to release 2.35).

       -H
       --help
           Display the command-line options understood by readelf.

       @file
           Read command-line options from file.  The options read are inserted in place of the
           original @file option.  If file does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option
           will be treated literally, and not removed.

           Options in file are separated by whitespace.  A whitespace character may be included
           in an option by surrounding the entire option in either single or double quotes.  Any
           character (including a backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be
           included with a backslash.  The file may itself contain additional @file options; any
           such options will be processed recursively.

SEE ALSO
       objdump(1), and the Info entries for binutils.

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (c) 1991-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of
       the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free
       Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
       Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
       Documentation License".

binutils-2.38                               2024-01-23                                 READELF(1)

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