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ORG.FREEDESKTOP.LOGIN1(5) org.freedesktop.login1 ORG.FREEDESKTOP.LOGIN1(5)
NAME
org.freedesktop.login1 - The D-Bus interface of systemd-logind
INTRODUCTION
systemd-logind.service(8) is a system service that keeps track of user logins and seats.
The daemon provides both a C library interface as well as a D-Bus interface. The library
interface may be used to introspect and watch the state of user logins and seats. The bus
interface provides the same functionality but in addition may also be used to make changes
to the system state. For more information please consult sd-login(3).
THE MANAGER OBJECT
The service exposes the following interfaces on the Manager object on the bus:
node /org/freedesktop/login1 {
interface org.freedesktop.login1.Manager {
methods:
GetSession(in s session_id,
out o object_path);
GetSessionByPID(in u pid,
out o object_path);
GetUser(in u uid,
out o object_path);
GetUserByPID(in u pid,
out o object_path);
GetSeat(in s seat_id,
out o object_path);
ListSessions(out a(susso) sessions);
ListUsers(out a(uso) users);
ListSeats(out a(so) seats);
ListInhibitors(out a(ssssuu) inhibitors);
CreateSession(in u uid,
in u pid,
in s service,
in s type,
in s class,
in s desktop,
in s seat_id,
in u vtnr,
in s tty,
in s display,
in b remote,
in s remote_user,
in s remote_host,
in a(sv) properties,
out s session_id,
out o object_path,
out s runtime_path,
out h fifo_fd,
out u uid,
out s seat_id,
out u vtnr,
out b existing);
ReleaseSession(in s session_id);
ActivateSession(in s session_id);
ActivateSessionOnSeat(in s session_id,
in s seat_id);
LockSession(in s session_id);
UnlockSession(in s session_id);
LockSessions();
UnlockSessions();
KillSession(in s session_id,
in s who,
in i signal_number);
KillUser(in u uid,
in i signal_number);
TerminateSession(in s session_id);
TerminateUser(in u uid);
TerminateSeat(in s seat_id);
SetUserLinger(in u uid,
in b enable,
in b interactive);
AttachDevice(in s seat_id,
in s sysfs_path,
in b interactive);
FlushDevices(in b interactive);
PowerOff(in b interactive);
PowerOffWithFlags(in t flags);
Reboot(in b interactive);
RebootWithFlags(in t flags);
Halt(in b interactive);
HaltWithFlags(in t flags);
Suspend(in b interactive);
SuspendWithFlags(in t flags);
Hibernate(in b interactive);
HibernateWithFlags(in t flags);
HybridSleep(in b interactive);
HybridSleepWithFlags(in t flags);
SuspendThenHibernate(in b interactive);
SuspendThenHibernateWithFlags(in t flags);
CanPowerOff(out s result);
CanReboot(out s result);
CanHalt(out s result);
CanSuspend(out s result);
CanHibernate(out s result);
CanHybridSleep(out s result);
CanSuspendThenHibernate(out s result);
ScheduleShutdown(in s type,
in t usec);
CancelScheduledShutdown(out b cancelled);
Inhibit(in s what,
in s who,
in s why,
in s mode,
out h pipe_fd);
CanRebootParameter(out s result);
SetRebootParameter(in s parameter);
CanRebootToFirmwareSetup(out s result);
SetRebootToFirmwareSetup(in b enable);
CanRebootToBootLoaderMenu(out s result);
SetRebootToBootLoaderMenu(in t timeout);
CanRebootToBootLoaderEntry(out s result);
SetRebootToBootLoaderEntry(in s boot_loader_entry);
SetWallMessage(in s wall_message,
in b enable);
signals:
SessionNew(s session_id,
o object_path);
SessionRemoved(s session_id,
o object_path);
UserNew(u uid,
o object_path);
UserRemoved(u uid,
o object_path);
SeatNew(s seat_id,
o object_path);
SeatRemoved(s seat_id,
o object_path);
PrepareForShutdown(b start);
PrepareForSleep(b start);
properties:
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
@org.freedesktop.systemd1.Privileged("true")
readwrite b EnableWallMessages = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
@org.freedesktop.systemd1.Privileged("true")
readwrite s WallMessage = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly u NAutoVTs = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly as KillOnlyUsers = ['...', ...];
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly as KillExcludeUsers = ['...', ...];
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly b KillUserProcesses = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly s RebootParameter = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly b RebootToFirmwareSetup = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly t RebootToBootLoaderMenu = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly s RebootToBootLoaderEntry = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly as BootLoaderEntries = ['...', ...];
readonly b IdleHint = ...;
readonly t IdleSinceHint = ...;
readonly t IdleSinceHintMonotonic = ...;
readonly s BlockInhibited = '...';
readonly s DelayInhibited = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly t InhibitDelayMaxUSec = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly t UserStopDelayUSec = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s HandlePowerKey = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s HandleSuspendKey = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s HandleHibernateKey = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s HandleLidSwitch = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s HandleLidSwitchExternalPower = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s HandleLidSwitchDocked = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly t HoldoffTimeoutUSec = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s IdleAction = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly t IdleActionUSec = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly b PreparingForShutdown = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly b PreparingForSleep = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly (st) ScheduledShutdown = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly b Docked = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly b LidClosed = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly b OnExternalPower = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly b RemoveIPC = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly t RuntimeDirectorySize = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly t RuntimeDirectoryInodesMax = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly t InhibitorsMax = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly t NCurrentInhibitors = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly t SessionsMax = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly t NCurrentSessions = ...;
};
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer { ... };
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable { ... };
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties { ... };
};
Methods
GetSession() may be used to get the session object path for the session with the specified
ID. Similarly, GetUser() and GetSeat() get the user and seat objects, respectively.
GetSessionByPID() and GetUserByPID() get the session/user object the specified PID belongs
to if there is any.
ListSessions() returns an array of all current sessions. The structures in the array
consist of the following fields: session id, user id, user name, seat id, session object
path. If a session does not have a seat attached, the seat id field will be an empty
string.
ListUsers() returns an array of all currently logged in users. The structures in the array
consist of the following fields: user id, user name, user object path.
ListSeats() returns an array of all currently available seats. The structure in the array
consists of the following fields: seat id, seat object path.
ListInhibitors() lists all currently active inhibitors. It returns an array of structures
consisting of what, who, why, mode, uid (user ID), and pid (process ID).
CreateSession() and ReleaseSession() may be used to open or close login sessions. These
calls should never be invoked directly by clients. Creating/closing sessions is
exclusively the job of PAM and its pam_systemd(8) module.
ActivateSession() brings the session with the specified ID into the foreground.
ActivateSessionOnSeat() does the same, but only if the seat id matches.
LockSession() asks the session with the specified ID to activate the screen lock.
UnlockSession() asks the session with the specified ID to remove an active screen lock, if
there is any. This is implemented by sending out the Lock() and Unlock() signals from the
respective session object which session managers are supposed to listen on.
LockSessions() asks all sessions to activate their screen locks. This may be used to lock
access to the entire machine in one action. Similarly, UnlockSessions() asks all sessions
to deactivate their screen locks.
KillSession() may be used to send a Unix signal to one or all processes of a session. As
arguments it takes the session id, either the string "leader" or "all" and a signal
number. If "leader" is passed only the session "leader" is killed. If "all" is passed all
processes of the session are killed.
KillUser() may be used to send a Unix signal to all processes of a user. As arguments it
takes the user id and a signal number.
TerminateSession(), TerminateUser(), TerminateSeat() may be used to forcibly terminate one
specific session, all processes of a user, and all sessions attached to a specific seat,
respectively. The session, user, and seat are identified by their respective IDs.
SetUserLinger() enables or disables user lingering. If enabled, the runtime directory of a
user is kept around and they may continue to run processes while logged out. If disabled,
the runtime directory goes away as soon as they log out. SetUserLinger() expects three
arguments: the UID, a boolean whether to enable/disable and a boolean controlling the
polkit[1] authorization interactivity (see below). Note that the user linger state is
persistently stored on disk.
AttachDevice() may be used to assign a specific device to a specific seat. The device is
identified by its /sys/ path and must be eligible for seat assignments. AttachDevice()
takes three arguments: the seat id, the sysfs path, and a boolean for controlling polkit
interactivity (see below). Device assignments are persistently stored on disk. To create a
new seat, simply specify a previously unused seat id. For more information about the seat
assignment logic see sd-login(3).
FlushDevices() removes all explicit seat assignments for devices, resetting all
assignments to the automatic defaults. The only argument it takes is the polkit
interactivity boolean (see below).
PowerOff(), Reboot(), Halt(), Suspend(), and Hibernate() result in the system being
powered off, rebooted, halted (shut down without turning off power), suspended (the system
state is saved to RAM and the CPU is turned off), or hibernated (the system state is saved
to disk and the machine is powered down). HybridSleep() results in the system entering a
hybrid-sleep mode, i.e. the system is both hibernated and suspended.
SuspendThenHibernate() results in the system being suspended, then later woken using an
RTC timer and hibernated. The only argument is the polkit interactivity boolean
interactive (see below). The main purpose of these calls is that they enforce polkit
policy and hence allow powering off/rebooting/suspending/hibernating even by unprivileged
users. They also enforce inhibition locks for non-privileged users. UIs should expose
these calls as the primary mechanism to poweroff/reboot/suspend/hibernate the machine.
Methods PowerOffWithFlags(), RebootWithFlags(), HaltWithFlags(), SuspendWithFlags(),
HibernateWithFlags(), HybridSleepWithFlags() and SuspendThenHibernateWithFlags() add flags
to allow for extendability, defined as follows:
#define SD_LOGIND_ROOT_CHECK_INHIBITORS (UINT64_C(1) << 0)
#define SD_LOGIND_KEXEC_REBOOT (UINT64_C(1) << 1)
When the flags is 0 then these methods behave just like the versions without flags. When
SD_LOGIND_ROOT_CHECK_INHIBITORS (0x01) is set, active inhibitors are honoured for
privileged users too. When SD_LOGIND_KEXEC_REBOOT (0x02) is set, then RebootWithFlags()
perform kexec reboot if kexec kernel is loaded.
SetRebootParameter() sets a parameter for a subsequent reboot operation. See the
description of reboot in systemctl(1) and reboot(2) for more information.
SetRebootToFirmwareSetup(), SetRebootToBootLoaderMenu(), and SetRebootToBootLoaderEntry()
configure the action to be taken from the boot loader after a reboot: respectively
entering firmware setup mode, the boot loader menu, or a specific boot loader entry. See
systemctl(1) for the corresponding command line interface.
CanPowerOff(), CanReboot(), CanHalt(), CanSuspend(), CanHibernate(), CanHybridSleep(),
CanSuspendThenHibernate(), CanRebootParameter(), CanRebootToFirmwareSetup(),
CanRebootToBootLoaderMenu(), and CanRebootToBootLoaderEntry() test whether the system
supports the respective operation and whether the calling user is allowed to execute it.
Returns one of "na", "yes", "no", and "challenge". If "na" is returned, the operation is
not available because hardware, kernel, or drivers do not support it. If "yes" is
returned, the operation is supported and the user may execute the operation without
further authentication. If "no" is returned, the operation is available but the user is
not allowed to execute the operation. If "challenge" is returned, the operation is
available but only after authorization.
ScheduleShutdown() schedules a shutdown operation type at time usec in microseconds since
the UNIX epoch. type can be one of "poweroff", "dry-poweroff", "reboot", "dry-reboot",
"halt", and "dry-halt". (The "dry-" variants do not actually execute the shutdown action.)
CancelScheduledShutdown() cancels a scheduled shutdown. The output parameter cancelled is
true if a shutdown operation was scheduled.
SetWallMessage() sets the wall message (the message that will be sent out to all terminals
and stored in a utmp(5) record) for a subsequent scheduled shutdown operation. The
parameter wall_message specifies the shutdown reason (and may be empty) which will be
included in the shutdown message. The parameter enable specifies whether to print a wall
message on shutdown.
Inhibit() creates an inhibition lock. It takes four parameters: what, who, why, and mode.
what is one or more of "shutdown", "sleep", "idle", "handle-power-key",
"handle-suspend-key", "handle-hibernate-key", "handle-lid-switch", separated by colons,
for inhibiting poweroff/reboot, suspend/hibernate, the automatic idle logic, or hardware
key handling. who should be a short human readable string identifying the application
taking the lock. why should be a short human readable string identifying the reason why
the lock is taken. Finally, mode is either "block" or "delay" which encodes whether the
inhibit shall be consider mandatory or whether it should just delay the operation to a
certain maximum time. The method returns a file descriptor. The lock is released the
moment this file descriptor and all its duplicates are closed. For more information on the
inhibition logic see Inhibitor Locks[2].
Signals
Whenever the inhibition state or idle hint changes, PropertyChanged signals are sent out
to which clients can subscribe.
The SessionNew, SessionRemoved, UserNew, UserRemoved, SeatNew, and SeatRemoved signals are
sent each time a session is created or removed, a user logs in or out, or a seat is added
or removed. They each contain the ID of the object plus the object path.
The PrepareForShutdown() and PrepareForSleep() signals are sent right before (with the
argument "true") or after (with the argument "false") the system goes down for
reboot/poweroff and suspend/hibernate, respectively. This may be used by applications to
save data on disk, release memory, or do other jobs that should be done shortly before
shutdown/sleep, in conjunction with delay inhibitor locks. After completion of this work
they should release their inhibition locks in order to not delay the operation any
further. For more information see Inhibitor Locks[2].
Properties
Most properties simply reflect the configuration, see logind.conf(5). This includes:
NAutoVTs, KillOnlyUsers, KillExcludeUsers, KillUserProcesses, IdleAction,
InhibitDelayMaxUSec, InhibitorsMax, UserStopDelayUSec, HandlePowerKey, HandleSuspendKey,
HandleHibernateKey, HandleLidSwitch, HandleLidSwitchExternalPower, HandleLidSwitchDocked,
IdleActionUSec, HoldoffTimeoutUSec, RemoveIPC, RuntimeDirectorySize,
RuntimeDirectoryInodesMax, InhibitorsMax, and SessionsMax.
The IdleHint property reflects the idle hint state of the system. If the system is idle it
might get into automatic suspend or shutdown depending on the configuration.
IdleSinceHint and IdleSinceHintMonotonic encode the timestamps of the last change of the
idle hint boolean, in CLOCK_REALTIME and CLOCK_MONOTONIC timestamps, respectively, in
microseconds since the epoch.
The BlockInhibited and DelayInhibited properties encode the currently active locks of the
respective modes. They are colon separated lists of "shutdown", "sleep", and "idle" (see
above).
NCurrentSessions and NCurrentInhibitors contain the number of currently registered
sessions and inhibitors.
The BootLoaderEntries property contains a list of boot loader entries. This includes boot
loader entries defined in configuration and any additional loader entries reported by the
boot loader. See systemd-boot(7) for more information.
The PreparingForShutdown and PreparingForSleep boolean properties are true during the
interval between the two PrepareForShutdown and PrepareForSleep signals respectively. Note
that these properties do not send out PropertyChanged signals.
The RebootParameter property shows the value set with the SetRebootParameter() method
described above.
ScheduledShutdown shows the value pair set with the ScheduleShutdown() method described
above.
RebootToFirmwareSetup, RebootToBootLoaderMenu, and RebootToBootLoaderEntry are true when
the resprective post-reboot operation was selected with SetRebootToFirmwareSetup,
SetRebootToBootLoaderMenu, or SetRebootToBootLoaderEntry.
The WallMessage and EnableWallMessages properties reflect the shutdown reason and wall
message enablement switch which can be set with the SetWallMessage() method described
above.
Docked is true if the machine is connected to a dock. LidClosed is true when the lid (of
a laptop) is closed. OnExternalPower is true when the machine is connected to an external
power supply.
Security
A number of operations are protected via the polkit privilege system. SetUserLinger()
requires the org.freedesktop.login1.set-user-linger privilege. AttachDevice() requires
org.freedesktop.login1.attach-device and FlushDevices() requires
org.freedesktop.login1.flush-devices. PowerOff(), Reboot(), Halt(), Suspend(),
Hibernate() require org.freedesktop.login1.power-off,
org.freedesktop.login1.power-off-multiple-sessions,
org.freedesktop.login1.power-off-ignore-inhibit, org.freedesktop.login1.reboot,
org.freedesktop.login1.reboot-multiple-sessions,
org.freedesktop.login1.reboot-ignore-inhibit, org.freedesktop.login1.halt,
org.freedesktop.login1.halt-multiple-sessions, org.freedesktop.login1.halt-ignore-inhibit,
org.freedesktop.login1.suspend, org.freedesktop.login1.suspend-multiple-sessions,
org.freedesktop.login1.suspend-ignore-inhibit, org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate,
org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-multiple-sessions,
org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-ignore-inhibit, respectively depending on whether there
are other sessions around or active inhibits are present. HybridSleep() and
SuspendThenHibernate() use the same privileges as Hibernate(). SetRebootParameter()
requires org.freedesktop.login1.set-reboot-parameter.
SetRebootToFirmwareSetup requires org.freedesktop.login1.set-reboot-to-firmware-setup.
SetRebootToBootLoaderMenu requires org.freedesktop.login1.set-reboot-to-boot-loader-menu.
SetRebootToBootLoaderEntry requires
org.freedesktop.login1.set-reboot-to-boot-loader-entry.
ScheduleShutdown and CancelScheduledShutdown require the same privileges (listed above) as
the immediate poweroff/reboot/halt operations.
Inhibit() is protected via one of org.freedesktop.login1.inhibit-block-shutdown,
org.freedesktop.login1.inhibit-delay-shutdown, org.freedesktop.login1.inhibit-block-sleep,
org.freedesktop.login1.inhibit-delay-sleep, org.freedesktop.login1.inhibit-block-idle,
org.freedesktop.login1.inhibit-handle-power-key,
org.freedesktop.login1.inhibit-handle-suspend-key,
org.freedesktop.login1.inhibit-handle-hibernate-key,
org.freedesktop.login1.inhibit-handle-lid-switch depending on the lock type and mode
taken.
The interactive boolean parameters can be used to control whether polkit should
interactively ask the user for authentication credentials if required.
SEAT OBJECTS
node /org/freedesktop/login1/seat/seat0 {
interface org.freedesktop.login1.Seat {
methods:
Terminate();
ActivateSession(in s session_id);
SwitchTo(in u vtnr);
SwitchToNext();
SwitchToPrevious();
properties:
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s Id = '...';
readonly (so) ActiveSession = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly b CanTTY = ...;
readonly b CanGraphical = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly a(so) Sessions = [...];
readonly b IdleHint = ...;
readonly t IdleSinceHint = ...;
readonly t IdleSinceHintMonotonic = ...;
};
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer { ... };
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable { ... };
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties { ... };
};
Methods
Terminate() and ActivateSession() work similar to TerminateSeat(),
ActivationSessionOnSeat() on the Manager object.
SwitchTo() switches to the session on the virtual terminal vtnr. SwitchToNext() and
SwitchToPrevious() switch to, respectively, the next and previous sessions on the seat in
the order of virtual terminals. If there is no active session, they switch to,
respectively, the first and last session on the seat.
Signals
Whenever ActiveSession, Sessions, CanGraphical, CanTTY, or the idle state changes,
PropertyChanged signals are sent out to which clients can subscribe.
Properties
The Id property encodes the ID of the seat.
ActiveSession encodes the currently active session if there is one. It is a structure
consisting of the session id and the object path.
CanTTY encodes whether the session is suitable for text logins, and CanGraphical whether
it is suitable for graphical sessions.
The Sessions property is an array of all current sessions of this seat, each encoded in a
structure consisting of the ID and the object path.
The IdleHint, IdleSinceHint, and IdleSinceHintMonotonic properties encode the idle state,
similar to the ones exposed on the Manager object, but specific for this seat.
USER OBJECTS
node /org/freedesktop/login1/user/_1000 {
interface org.freedesktop.login1.User {
methods:
Terminate();
Kill(in i signal_number);
properties:
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly u UID = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly u GID = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s Name = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly t Timestamp = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly t TimestampMonotonic = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s RuntimePath = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s Service = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s Slice = '...';
readonly (so) Display = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly s State = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly a(so) Sessions = [...];
readonly b IdleHint = ...;
readonly t IdleSinceHint = ...;
readonly t IdleSinceHintMonotonic = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly b Linger = ...;
};
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer { ... };
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable { ... };
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties { ... };
};
Methods
Terminate() and Kill() work similar to the TerminateUser() and KillUser() methods on the
manager object.
Signals
Whenever Sessions or the idle state changes, PropertyChanged signals are sent out to which
clients can subscribe.
Properties
The UID and GID properties encode the Unix UID and primary GID of the user.
The Name property encodes the user name.
Timestamp and TimestampMonotonic encode the login time of the user in microseconds since
the epoch, in the CLOCK_REALTIME and CLOCK_MONOTONIC clocks, respectively.
RuntimePath encodes the runtime path of the user, i.e. $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR. For details see
the XDG Basedir Specification[3].
Service contains the unit name of the user systemd service of this user. Each logged in
user is assigned a user service that runs a user systemd instance. This is usually an
instance of user@.service.
Slice contains the unit name of the user systemd slice of this user. Each logged in user
gets a private slice.
Display encodes which graphical session should be used as the primary UI display for the
user. It is a structure encoding the session ID and the object path of the session to use.
State encodes the user state and is one of "offline", "lingering", "online", "active", or
"closing". See sd_uid_get_state(3) for more information about the states.
Sessions is an array of structures encoding all current sessions of the user. Each
structure consists of the ID and object path.
The IdleHint, IdleSinceHint, and IdleSinceHintMonotonic properties encode the idle hint
state of the user, similar to the Manager's properties, but specific for this user.
The Linger property shows whether lingering is enabled for this user.
SESSION OBJECTS
node /org/freedesktop/login1/session/1 {
interface org.freedesktop.login1.Session {
methods:
Terminate();
Activate();
Lock();
Unlock();
SetIdleHint(in b idle);
SetLockedHint(in b locked);
Kill(in s who,
in i signal_number);
TakeControl(in b force);
ReleaseControl();
SetType(in s type);
TakeDevice(in u major,
in u minor,
out h fd,
out b inactive);
ReleaseDevice(in u major,
in u minor);
PauseDeviceComplete(in u major,
in u minor);
SetBrightness(in s subsystem,
in s name,
in u brightness);
signals:
PauseDevice(u major,
u minor,
s type);
ResumeDevice(u major,
u minor,
h fd);
Lock();
Unlock();
properties:
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s Id = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly (uo) User = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s Name = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly t Timestamp = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly t TimestampMonotonic = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly u VTNr = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly (so) Seat = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s TTY = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s Display = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly b Remote = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s RemoteHost = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s RemoteUser = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s Service = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s Desktop = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s Scope = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly u Leader = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly u Audit = ...;
readonly s Type = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s Class = '...';
readonly b Active = ...;
readonly s State = '...';
readonly b IdleHint = ...;
readonly t IdleSinceHint = ...;
readonly t IdleSinceHintMonotonic = ...;
readonly b LockedHint = ...;
};
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer { ... };
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable { ... };
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties { ... };
};
Methods
Terminate(), Activate(), Lock(), Unlock(), and Kill() work similarly to the respective
calls on the Manager object.
SetIdleHint() is called by the session object to update the idle state of the session
whenever it changes.
TakeControl() allows a process to take exclusive managed device access-control for that
session. Only one D-Bus connection can be a controller for a given session at any time. If
the force argument is set (root only), an existing controller is kicked out and replaced.
Otherwise, this method fails if there is already a controller. Note that this method is
limited to D-Bus users with the effective UID set to the user of the session or root.
ReleaseControl() drops control of a given session. Closing the D-Bus connection implicitly
releases control as well. See TakeControl() for more information. This method also
releases all devices for which the controller requested ownership via TakeDevice().
SetType() allows the type of the session to be changed dynamically. It can only be called
by session's current controller. If TakeControl() has not been called, this method will
fail. In addition, the session type will be reset to its original value once control is
released, either by calling ReleaseControl() or closing the D-Bus connection. This should
help prevent a session from entering an inconsistent state, for example if the controller
crashes. The only argument type is the new session type.
TakeDevice() allows a session controller to get a file descriptor for a specific device.
Pass in the major and minor numbers of the character device and systemd-logind will return
a file descriptor for the device. Only a limited set of device-types is currently
supported (but may be extended). systemd-logind automatically mutes the file descriptor
if the session is inactive and resumes it once the session is activated again. This
guarantees that a session can only access session devices if the session is active. Note
that this revoke/resume mechanism is asynchronous and may happen at any given time. This
only works on devices that are attached to the seat of the given session. A process is not
required to have direct access to the device node. systemd-logind only requires you to be
the active session controller (see TakeControl()). Also note that any device can only be
requested once. As long as you don't release it, further TakeDevice() calls will fail.
ReleaseDevice() releases a device again (see TakeDevice()). This is also implicitly done
by ReleaseControl() or when closing the D-Bus connection.
PauseDeviceComplete() allows a session controller to synchronously pause a device after
receiving a PauseDevice("pause") signal. Forced signals (or after an internal timeout) are
automatically completed by systemd-logind asynchronously.
SetLockedHint() may be used to set the "locked hint" to locked, i.e. information whether
the session is locked. This is intended to be used by the desktop environment to tell
systemd-logind when the session is locked and unlocked.
SetBrightness() may be used to set the display brightness. This is intended to be used by
the desktop environment and allows unprivileged programs to access hardware settings in a
controlled way. The subsystem parameter specifies a kernel subsystem, either "backlight"
or "leds". The name parameter specifies a device name under the specified subsystem. The
brightness parameter specifies the brightness. The range is defined by individual drivers,
see /sys/class/subsystem/name/max_brightness.
Signals
The active session controller exclusively gets PauseDevice and ResumeDevice events for any
device it requested via TakeDevice(). They notify the controller whenever a device is
paused or resumed. A device is never resumed if its session is inactive. Also note that
PauseDevice signals are sent before the PropertyChanged signal for the Active state. The
inverse is true for ResumeDevice. A device may remain paused for unknown reasons even
though the Session is active.
A PauseDevice signal carries the major and minor numbers and a string describing the type
as arguments. force means the device was already paused by systemd-logind and the signal
is only an asynchronous notification. pause means systemd-logind grants you a limited
amount of time to pause the device. You must respond to this via PauseDeviceComplete().
This synchronous pausing mechanism is used for backwards-compatibility to VTs and
systemd-logind is free to not make use of it. It is also free to send a forced PauseDevice
if you don't respond in a timely manner (or for any other reason). gone means the device
was unplugged from the system and you will no longer get any notifications about it. There
is no need to call ReleaseDevice(). You may call TakeDevice() again if a new device is
assigned the major+minor combination.
ResumeDevice is sent whenever a session is active and a device is resumed. It carries the
major/minor numbers as arguments and provides a new open file descriptor. You should
switch to the new descriptor and close the old one. They are not guaranteed to have the
same underlying open file descriptor in the kernel (except for a limited set of device
types).
Whenever Active or the idle state changes, PropertyChanged signals are sent out to which
clients can subscribe.
Lock/Unlock is sent when the session is asked to be screen-locked/unlocked. A session
manager of the session should listen to this signal and act accordingly. This signal is
sent out as a result of the Lock() and Unlock() methods, respectively.
Properties
Id encodes the session ID.
User encodes the user ID of the user this session belongs to. This is a structure
consisting of the Unix UID and the object path.
Name encodes the user name.
Timestamp and TimestampMonotonic encode the microseconds since the epoch when the session
was created, in CLOCK_REALTIME or CLOCK_MONOTONIC, respectively.
VTNr encodes the virtual terminal number of the session if there is any, 0 otherwise.
Seat encodes the seat this session belongs to if there is any. This is a structure
consisting of the ID and the seat object path.
TTY encodes the kernel TTY path of the session if this is a text login. If not this is an
empty string.
Display encodes the X11 display name if this is a graphical login. If not, this is an
empty string.
Remote encodes whether the session is local or remote.
RemoteHost and RemoteUser encode the remote host and user if this is a remote session, or
an empty string otherwise.
Service encodes the PAM service name that registered the session.
Desktop describes the desktop environment running in the session (if known).
Scope contains the systemd scope unit name of this session.
Leader encodes the PID of the process that registered the session.
Audit encodes the Kernel Audit session ID of the session if auditing is available.
Type encodes the session type. It's one of "unspecified" (for cron PAM sessions and
suchlike), "tty" (for text logins) or "x11"/"mir"/"wayland" (for graphical logins).
Class encodes the session class. It's one of "user" (for normal user sessions), "greeter"
(for display manager pseudo-sessions), or "lock-screen" (for display lock screens).
Active is a boolean that is true if the session is active, i.e. currently in the
foreground. This field is semi-redundant due to State.
State encodes the session state and one of "online", "active", or "closing". See
sd_session_get_state(3) for more information about the states.
IdleHint, IdleSinceHint, and IdleSinceHintMonotonic encapsulate the idle hint state of
this session, similarly to how the respective properties on the manager object do it for
the whole system.
LockedHint shows the locked hint state of this session, as set by the SetLockedHint()
method described above.
EXAMPLES
Example 1. Introspect org.freedesktop.login1.Manager on the bus
$ gdbus introspect --system --dest org.freedesktop.login1 \
--object-path /org/freedesktop/login1
Example 2. Introspect org.freedesktop.login1.Seat on the bus
$ gdbus introspect --system --dest org.freedesktop.login1 \
--object-path /org/freedesktop/login1/seat/seat0
Example 3. Introspect org.freedesktop.login1.User on the bus
$ gdbus introspect --system --dest org.freedesktop.login1 \
--object-path /org/freedesktop/login1/user/_1000
Example 4. Introspect org.freedesktop.login1.Session on the bus
$ gdbus introspect --system --dest org.freedesktop.login1 \
--object-path /org/freedesktop/login1/session/45
VERSIONING
These D-Bus interfaces follow the usual interface versioning guidelines[4].
NOTES
1. polkit
https://www.freedesktop.org/software/polkit/docs/latest/
2. Inhibitor Locks
https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/inhibit
3. XDG Basedir Specification
https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html
4. the usual interface versioning guidelines
http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/versioning-dbus.html
systemd 249 ORG.FREEDESKTOP.LOGIN1(5)
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