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MH-ALIAS(5mh)                                                                       MH-ALIAS(5mh)

NAME
       mh-alias - format of nmh email-address alias files

DESCRIPTION
       Each line of an nmh alias file takes one of the following forms:

            alias : address-group

            alias ; address-group

            < alias-file

            ; | : | # comment

       where:

            address-group  := address-list
                           |  < file

            address-list   := address
                           |  address-list, address

       Continuation  lines  end  with  "\" followed by a newline character.  This also applies to
       comment lines.  Thus, the line following a "\"-terminated comment line is  a  continuation
       of that comment line.

       Alias-file  and  file are Unix file names.  Alias file contents are case-insensitive, with
       the exception of filesystem path names.

       If the line starts with a "<", the file named after the "<" is read for more alias defini-
       tions.   The  reading is done recursively, so a "<" may occur in the beginning of an alias
       file with the expected results.

       If the address-group starts with a "<", the file named after the "<" is read and its  con-
       tents are added to the address-list for the alias.

       In match, a trailing "*" on an alias will match just about anything appropriate.

       An approximation of the way aliases are resolved at posting time is:

       1)     Build  a list of all addresses from the message to be delivered, eliminating dupli-
              cate addresses.

       2)     For those addresses in the message that have no host specified, perform alias reso-
              lution.

       3)     For  each  line  in the alias file, compare "alias" against all of the existing ad-
              dresses.  If a match, remove the matched "alias" from the  address  list,  and  add
              each  new  address in the address-group to the address list if it is not already on
              the list.  The alias itself is not usually output, rather  the  address-group  that
              the  alias  maps to is output instead.  If "alias" is terminated with a ";" instead
              of a ":", then both the "alias" and the address are output in  the  correct  format
              (with the alias quoted if necessary and the address wrapped in <>).

       Since the mh-alias file is read line by line, forward references work, but backward refer-
       ences are not recognized.

   Example Alias File
            </etc/nmh/BBoardAliases
            sgroup: fred, fear, freida
            fred: frated AT UCI.example
            b-people: Blind List: bill, betty
            Unix-committee: <unix.aliases
            news.*: news

       The first  line  says  that  more  aliases  should  immediately  be  read  from  the  file
       /etc/nmh/BBoardAliases.  Next, "sgroup" is defined as an alias for three names, and one of
       them, "fred", is a forward reference to another alias for "frated AT UCI.example".

       The alias "b-people" is a blind list which includes the addresses "bill" and "betty";  the
       message will be delivered to those addresses, but the message header will show only "Blind
       List: ;" (not the addresses).  The alias must not be terminated with, or contain, a  semi-
       colon.   Note  that  blind  lists  are not supported with the sendmail/pipe mail transport
       method.

       The definition of "Unix-committee" is given by reading the file unix.aliases in the user's
       nmh directory.

       Lastly,  "news.anything" is aliased to "news"; the full stop is just another literal char-
       acter.

PROFILE COMPONENTS
       Aliasfile:          Default alias file.

FILES
       /etc/nmh/MailAliases
                           System-wide default alias file.

SEE ALSO
       ali(1), send(1), whom(1), getgrent(3), getpwent(3), post(8)

BUGS
       Although the forward-referencing semantics of mh-alias files prevent recursion, the alias-
       file  directive may defeat this.  Since the number of file descriptors is finite, such in-
       finite recursion will terminate with a meaningless diagnostic when all the  fds  are  used
       up.

       Earlier versions of this man page showed a semicolon at the end of the blind list example.
       That caused the preceding alias to not be expanded.  There must not be a semicolon at  the
       end  of,  or within, the address group of a blind list.  post will append the semicolon to
       the blind list name.

nmh-1.7.1                                   2014-04-18                              MH-ALIAS(5mh)

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