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MASTER(5)                              File Formats Manual                              MASTER(5)

NAME
       master - Postfix master process configuration file format

DESCRIPTION
       The  Postfix  mail  system is implemented by small number of (mostly) client commands that
       are invoked by users, and by a larger number of services that run in the background.

       Postfix services are implemented by daemon processes. These run in the background, started
       on-demand by the master(8) process.  The master.cf configuration file defines how a client
       program connects to a service, and what daemon program runs when a service  is  requested.
       Most  daemon  processes  are  short-lived  and terminate voluntarily after serving max_use
       clients, or after inactivity for max_idle or more units of time.

       All daemons specified here must speak a Postfix-internal protocol.  In  order  to  execute
       non-Postfix  software use the local(8), pipe(8) or spawn(8) services, or execute the soft-
       ware with inetd(8) or equivalent.

       After changing master.cf you must execute "postfix reload" to reload the configuration.

SYNTAX
       The general format of the master.cf file is as follows:

       o      Empty lines and whitespace-only  lines  are  ignored,  as  are  lines  whose  first
              non-whitespace character is a `#'.

       o      A  logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A line that starts with whitespace
              continues a logical line.

       o      Each logical line defines a single Postfix service.  Each service is identified  by
              its name and type as described below.  When multiple lines specify the same service
              name and type, only the last one is remembered.  Otherwise, the order of  master.cf
              service definitions does not matter.

       Each  logical  line consists of eight fields separated by whitespace.  These are described
       below in the order as they appear in the master.cf file.

       Where applicable a field of "-" requests that the built-in  default  value  be  used.  For
       boolean fields specify "y" or "n" to override the default value.

       Service name
              The service name syntax depends on the service type as described next.

       Service type
              Specify one of the following service types:

              inet   The service listens on a TCP/IP socket and is accessible via the network.

                     The  service  name  is specified as host:port, denoting the host and port on
                     which new connections should be accepted. The host part (and colon)  may  be
                     omitted.  Either host or port may be given in symbolic form (see hosts(5) or
                     services(5)) or in numeric form (IP address or port number).  Host  informa-
                     tion  may be enclosed inside "[]"; this form is necessary only with IPv6 ad-
                     dresses.

                     Examples: a service named 127.0.0.1:smtp or ::1:smtp receives mail  via  the
                     loopback  interface  only;  and a service named 10025 accepts connections on
                     TCP port 10025 via all interfaces configured with the inet_interfaces param-
                     eter.

                     Note:  with  Postfix  version 2.2 and later specify "inet_interfaces = loop-
                     back-only" in main.cf, instead of hard-coding loopback IP  address  informa-
                     tion in master.cf or in main.cf.

              unix   The service listens on a UNIX-domain stream socket and is accessible for lo-
                     cal clients only.

                     The service name is a pathname  relative  to  the  Postfix  queue  directory
                     (pathname  controlled  with  the  queue_directory configuration parameter in
                     main.cf).

                     On Solaris 8 and earlier systems the unix type is implemented  with  streams
                     sockets.

              unix-dgram
                     The  service  listens on a UNIX-domain datagram socket and is accessible for
                     local clients only.

                     The service name is a pathname  relative  to  the  Postfix  queue  directory
                     (pathname  controlled  with  the  queue_directory configuration parameter in
                     main.cf).

              fifo (obsolete)
                     The service listens on a FIFO (named  pipe)  and  is  accessible  for  local
                     clients only.

                     The  service  name  is  a  pathname  relative to the Postfix queue directory
                     (pathname controlled with the  queue_directory  configuration  parameter  in
                     main.cf).

              pass   The service listens on a UNIX-domain stream socket, and is accessible to lo-
                     cal clients only. It receives one open connection (file descriptor  passing)
                     per connection request.

                     The  service  name  is  a  pathname  relative to the Postfix queue directory
                     (pathname controlled with the  queue_directory  configuration  parameter  in
                     main.cf).

                     On  Solaris  8 and earlier systems the pass type is implemented with streams
                     sockets.

                     This feature is available as of Postfix version 2.5.

       Private (default: y)
              Whether or not access is restricted to the mail system.  Internet (type inet)  ser-
              vices can't be private.

       Unprivileged (default: y)
              Whether the service runs with root privileges or as the owner of the Postfix system
              (the owner name is controlled by  the  mail_owner  configuration  variable  in  the
              main.cf file).

              The local(8), pipe(8), spawn(8), and virtual(8) daemons require privileges.

       Chroot (default: Postfix >= 3.0: n, Postfix <3.0: y)
              Whether  or  not the service runs chrooted to the mail queue directory (pathname is
              controlled by the queue_directory configuration variable in the main.cf file).

              Chroot should not be used with the local(8), pipe(8), spawn(8), and virtual(8) dae-
              mons.   Although  the proxymap(8) server can run chrooted, doing so defeats most of
              the purpose of having that service in the first place.

              The files in the examples/chroot-setup subdirectory of the Postfix source show  how
              to set up a Postfix chroot environment on a variety of systems. See also BASIC_CON-
              FIGURATION_README for issues related to running daemons chrooted.

       Wake up time (default: 0)
              Automatically wake up the named service after the specified number of seconds.  The
              wake  up is implemented by connecting to the service and sending a wake up request.
              A ? at the end of the wake-up time field requests that no wake up  events  be  sent
              before the first time a service is used.  Specify 0 for no automatic wake up.

              The pickup(8), qmgr(8) and flush(8) daemons require a wake up timer.

       Process limit (default: $default_process_limit)
              The maximum number of processes that may execute this service simultaneously. Spec-
              ify 0 for no process count limit.

              NOTE: Some Postfix services must be configured as a single-process service (for ex-
              ample, qmgr(8)) and some services must be configured with no process limit (for ex-
              ample, cleanup(8)).  These limits must not be changed.

       Command name + arguments
              The command to be executed.  Characters that are special to the shell such  as  ">"
              or "|" have no special meaning here, and quotes cannot be used to protect arguments
              containing whitespace. To protect whitespace, use "{" and "}" as described below.

              The command name is relative to the Postfix  daemon  directory  (pathname  is  con-
              trolled by the daemon_directory configuration variable).

              The  command  argument  syntax for specific commands is specified in the respective
              daemon manual page.

              The following command-line options have the same effect for all daemon programs:

              -D     Run the daemon under control by the command specified with the debugger_com-
                     mand variable in the main.cf configuration file.  See DEBUG_README for hints
                     and tips.

              -o { name = value } (long form, Postfix >= 3.0)

              -o name=value (short form)
                     Override the named main.cf configuration parameter. The parameter value  can
                     refer  to  other  parameters as $name etc., just like in main.cf.  See post-
                     conf(5) for syntax.

                     NOTE 1: With the "long form" shown above, whitespace after "{", around  "=",
                     and before "}" is ignored, and whitespace within the parameter value is pre-
                     served.

                     NOTE 2: with the "short form" shown above, do not specify whitespace  around
                     the  "="  or in parameter values. To specify a parameter value that contains
                     whitespace, use the long form described above, or use commas instead of spa-
                     ces, or specify the value in main.cf. Example:

                     /etc/postfix/master.cf:
                         submission inet .... smtpd
                             -o smtpd_xxx_yyy=$submission_xxx_yyy

                     /etc/postfix/main.cf
                         submission_xxx_yyy = text with whitespace...

                     NOTE 3: Over-zealous use of parameter overrides makes the Postfix configura-
                     tion hard to understand and maintain.  At a certain point, it might be  eas-
                     ier  to configure multiple instances of Postfix, instead of configuring mul-
                     tiple personalities via master.cf.

              -v     Increase the verbose logging level. Specify multiple -v options  to  make  a
                     Postfix daemon process increasingly verbose.

              Other command-line arguments
                     Specify  "{" and "}" around command arguments that contain whitespace (Post-
                     fix 3.0 and later). Whitespace after "{" and before "}" is ignored.

SEE ALSO
       master(8), process manager
       postconf(5), configuration parameters

README FILES
       Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.
       BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README, basic configuration
       DEBUG_README, Postfix debugging

LICENSE
       The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

AUTHOR(S)
       Initial version by
       Magnus Baeck
       Lund Institute of Technology
       Sweden

       Wietse Venema
       IBM T.J. Watson Research
       P.O. Box 704
       Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA

       Wietse Venema
       Google, Inc.
       111 8th Avenue
       New York, NY 10011, USA

                                                                                        MASTER(5)

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