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libmaxminddb(3)                                                                   libmaxminddb(3)

NAME
       libmaxminddb - a library for working with MaxMind DB files

SYNOPSIS

           #include <maxminddb.h>

           int MMDB_open(
               const char *const filename,
               uint32_t flags,
               MMDB_s *const mmdb);
           void MMDB_close(MMDB_s *const mmdb);

           MMDB_lookup_result_s MMDB_lookup_string(
               MMDB_s *const mmdb,
               const char *const ipstr,
               int *const gai_error,
               int *const mmdb_error);
           MMDB_lookup_result_s MMDB_lookup_sockaddr(
               MMDB_s *const mmdb,
               const struct sockaddr *const
               sockaddr,
               int *const mmdb_error);

           int MMDB_get_value(
               MMDB_entry_s *const start,
               MMDB_entry_data_s *const entry_data,
               ...);
           int MMDB_vget_value(
               MMDB_entry_s *const start,
               MMDB_entry_data_s *const entry_data,
               va_list va_path);
           int MMDB_aget_value(
               MMDB_entry_s *const start,
               MMDB_entry_data_s *const entry_data,
               const char *const *const path);

           int MMDB_get_entry_data_list(
               MMDB_entry_s *start,
               MMDB_entry_data_list_s **const entry_data_list);
           void MMDB_free_entry_data_list(
               MMDB_entry_data_list_s *const entry_data_list);
           int MMDB_get_metadata_as_entry_data_list(
               MMDB_s *const mmdb,
               MMDB_entry_data_list_s **const entry_data_list);
           int MMDB_dump_entry_data_list(
               FILE *const stream,
               MMDB_entry_data_list_s *const entry_data_list,
               int indent);

           int MMDB_read_node(
               MMDB_s *const mmdb,
               uint32_t node_number,
               MMDB_search_node_s *const node);

           const char *MMDB_lib_version(void);
           const char *MMDB_strerror(int error_code);

           typedef struct MMDB_lookup_result_s {
               bool found_entry;
               MMDB_entry_s entry;
               uint16_t netmask;
           } MMDB_lookup_result_s;

           typedef struct MMDB_entry_data_s {
               bool has_data;
               union {
                   uint32_t pointer;
                   const char *utf8_string;
                   double double_value;
                   const uint8_t *bytes;
                   uint16_t uint16;
                   uint32_t uint32;
                   int32_t int32;
                   uint64_t uint64;
                   {mmdb_uint128_t or uint8_t[16]} uint128;
                   bool boolean;
                   float float_value;
               };
               ...
               uint32_t data_size;
               uint32_t type;
           } MMDB_entry_data_s;

           typedef struct MMDB_entry_data_list_s {
               MMDB_entry_data_s entry_data;
               struct MMDB_entry_data_list_s *next;
           } MMDB_entry_data_list_s;

DESCRIPTION
       The libmaxminddb library provides functions for working MaxMind DB files.  See http://max-
       mind.github.io/MaxMind-DB/ for the MaxMind DB format specification.  The database and  re-
       sults  are  all represented by different data structures.  Databases are opened by calling
       MMDB_open().  You can look up IP addresses as a string with MMDB_lookup_string() or  as  a
       pointer to a sockaddr structure with MMDB_lookup_sockaddr().

       If  the  lookup  finds  the  IP address in the database, it returns a MMDB_lookup_result_s
       structure.  If that structure indicates that the database has data for the IP, there are a
       number  of  functions that can be used to fetch that data.  These include MMDB_get_value()
       and MMDB_get_entry_data_list().  See the function documentation below for more details.

       When you are done with the database handle you should call MMDB_close().

       All publicly visible functions, structures, and macros begin with "MMDB_".

DATA STRUCTURES
       All data structures exported by this library's maxminddb.h header  are  typedef'd  in  the
       form  typedef struct foo_s { ... } foo_s  so you can refer to them without the struct pre-
       fix.

       This library provides the following data structures:

   MMDB_s
       This is the handle for a MaxMind DB file.  We  only  document  some  of  this  structure's
       fields  intended  for public use.  All other fields are subject to change and are intended
       only for internal use.

           typedef struct MMDB_s {
               uint32_t flags;
               const char *filename;
               ...
               MMDB_metadata_s metadata;
           } MMDB_s;

       o uint32_t flags - the flags this database was opened with.  See the MMDB_open()  documen-
         tation for more details.

       o const char *filename - the name of the file which was opened, as passed to MMDB_open().

       o MMDB_metadata_s metadata - the metadata for the database.

   MMDB_metadata_s and MMDB_description_s
       This  structure can be retrieved from the MMDB_s structure.  It contains the metadata read
       from the database file.  Note that you may find it more convenient to access this metadata
       by calling MMDB_get_metadata_as_entry_data_list() instead.

           typedef struct MMDB_metadata_s {
               uint32_t node_count;
               uint16_t record_size;
               uint16_t ip_version;
               const char *database_type;
               struct {
                   size_t count;
                   const char **names;
               } languages;
               uint16_t binary_format_major_version;
               uint16_t binary_format_minor_version;
               uint64_t build_epoch;
               struct {
                   size_t count;
                   MMDB_description_s **descriptions;
               } description;
           } MMDB_metadata_s;

           typedef struct MMDB_description_s {
               const char *language;
               const char *description;
           } MMDB_description_s;

       These structures should be mostly self-explanatory.

       The ip_version member should always be 4 or 6.  The binary_format_major_version should al-
       ways be 2.

       There is no requirement that the database metadata include languages or  descriptions,  so
       the  count  for these parts of the metadata can be zero.  All of the other MMDB_metadata_s
       fields should be populated.

   MMDB_lookup_result_s
       This structure is returned as the result of looking up an IP address.

           typedef struct MMDB_lookup_result_s {
               bool found_entry;
               MMDB_entry_s entry;
               uint16_t netmask;
           } MMDB_lookup_result_s;

       If the found_entry member is false then the other members of this structure do not contain
       meaningful values.  Always check that found_entry is true first.

       The entry member is used to look up the data associated with the IP address.

       The  netmask member tells you what subnet the IP address belongs to in this database.  For
       example, if you look up the address 1.1.1.1 in an IPv4 database and the  returned  netmask
       is 16, then the address is part of the 1.1.0.0/16 subnet.

       If  the database is an IPv6 database, the returned netmask is always an IPv6 prefix length
       (from 0-128), even if that database also contains IPv4 networks.  If you look up  an  IPv4
       address and would like to turn the netmask into an IPv4 netmask value, you can simply sub-
       tract 96 from the value.

   MMDB_result_s
       You don't really  need  to  dig  around  in  this  structure.   You'll  get  this  from  a
       MMDB_lookup_result_s structure and pass it to various functions.

   MMDB_entry_data_s
       This structure is used to return a single data section entry for an IP.  These entries can
       in turn point to other entries, as is the case for things like maps and arrays.  Some mem-
       bers of this structure are not documented as they are only for internal use.

           typedef struct MMDB_entry_data_s {
               bool has_data;
               union {
                   uint32_t pointer;
                   const char *utf8_string;
                   double double_value;
                   const uint8_t *bytes;
                   uint16_t uint16;
                   uint32_t uint32;
                   int32_t int32;
                   uint64_t uint64;
                   {mmdb_uint128_t or uint8_t[16]} uint128;
                   bool boolean;
                   float float_value;
               };
               ...
               uint32_t data_size;
               uint32_t type;
           } MMDB_entry_data_s;

       The  has_data  member  is true if data was found for a given lookup.  See MMDB_get_value()
       for more details.  If this member is false then none of the other values in the  structure
       are meaningful.

       The  union  at the beginning of the structure defines the actual data.  To determine which
       union member is populated you should look at the type member.  The pointer member  of  the
       union  should  never be populated in any data returned by the API.  Pointers should always
       be resolved internally.

       The data_size member is only relevant for utf8_string and bytes data.  utf8_string is  not
       null terminated and data_size must be used to determine its length.

       The type member can be compared to one of the MMDB_DTYPE_* macros.

   128-bit Integers
       The handling of uint128 data depends on how your platform supports 128-bit integers, if it
       does  so  at  all.   With  GCC  4.4   and   4.5   we   can   write   unsigned int __attri-
       bute__ ((__mode__ (TI))).   With newer versions of GCC (4.6+) and clang (3.2+) we can sim-
       ply write "unsigned __int128".

       In order to work around these differences, this library defines  an  mmdb_uint128_t  type.
       This type is defined in the maxminddb.h header so you can use it in your own code.

       With older compilers, we can't use an integer so we instead use a 16 byte array of uint8_t
       values.  This is the raw data from the database.

       This library provides a public macro MMDB_UINT128_IS_BYTE_ARRAY macro.  If  this  is  true
       (1),  then  uint128  values are returned as a byte array, if it is false then they are re-
       turned as a mmdb_uint128_t integer.

   Data Type Macros
       This library provides a macro for every data type defined by the MaxMind DB spec.

       o MMDB_DATA_TYPE_UTF8_STRING

       o MMDB_DATA_TYPE_DOUBLE

       o MMDB_DATA_TYPE_BYTES

       o MMDB_DATA_TYPE_UINT16

       o MMDB_DATA_TYPE_UINT32

       o MMDB_DATA_TYPE_MAP

       o MMDB_DATA_TYPE_INT32

       o MMDB_DATA_TYPE_UINT64

       o MMDB_DATA_TYPE_UINT128

       o MMDB_DATA_TYPE_ARRAY

       o MMDB_DATA_TYPE_BOOLEAN

       o MMDB_DATA_TYPE_FLOAT

       There are also a few types that are for internal use only:

       o MMDB_DATA_TYPE_EXTENDED

       o MMDB_DATA_TYPE_POINTER

       o MMDB_DATA_TYPE_CONTAINER

       o MMDB_DATA_TYPE_END_MARKER

       If you see one of these in returned data then something has gone very wrong.  The database
       is damaged or was generated incorrectly or there is a bug in the libmaxminddb code.

   Pointer Values and MMDB_close()
       The utf8_string, bytes, and (maybe) the uint128 members of this structure are all pointers
       directly into the database's data section.  This can either be a malloc'd or mmap'd  block
       of  memory.   In  either  case,  these  pointers will become invalid after MMDB_close() is
       called.

       If you need to refer to this data after that time you should copy the data with an  appro-
       priate function (strdup, memcpy, etc.).

   MMDB_entry_data_list_s
       This structure encapsulates a linked list of MMDB_entry_data_s structures.

           typedef struct MMDB_entry_data_list_s {
               MMDB_entry_data_s entry_data;
               struct MMDB_entry_data_list_s *next;
           } MMDB_entry_data_list_s;

       This  structure  lets  you  look  at  entire map or array data entry by iterating over the
       linked list.

   MMDB_search_node_s
       This structure encapsulates the two records in a search node.  This is really only  useful
       if  you want to write code that iterates over the entire search tree as opposed to looking
       up a specific IP address.

           typedef struct MMDB_search_node_s {
               uint64_t left_record;
               uint64_t right_record;
               uint8_t left_record_type;
               uint8_t right_record_type;
               MMDB_entry_s left_record_entry;
               MMDB_entry_s right_record_entry;
           } MMDB_search_node_s;

       The two record types will take one of the following values:

       o MMDB_RECORD_TYPE_SEARCH_NODE - The record points to the next search node.

       o MMDB_RECORD_TYPE_EMPTY - The record is a placeholder that indicates there is no data for
         the IP address.  The search should end here.

       o MMDB_RECORD_TYPE_DATA - The record is for data in the data section of the database.  Use
         the entry for the record when looking up the data for the record.

       o MMDB_RECORD_TYPE_INVALID - The record is invalid.  Either an invalid node was looked  up
         or the database is corrupt.

       The  MMDB_entry_s  for the record is only valid if the type is MMDB_RECORD_TYPE_DATA.  At-
       tempts to use an entry for other record types will result in an error or invalid data.

STATUS CODES
       This library returns (or populates) status codes for many functions.  These  status  codes
       are:

       o MMDB_SUCCESS - everything worked

       o MMDB_FILE_OPEN_ERROR - there was an error trying to open the MaxMind DB file.

       o MMDB_IO_ERROR - an IO operation failed.  Check errno for more details.

       o MMDB_CORRUPT_SEARCH_TREE_ERROR  - looking up an IP address in the search tree gave us an
         impossible result.  The database is damaged or was generated incorrectly or there  is  a
         bug in the libmaxminddb code.

       o MMDB_INVALID_METADATA_ERROR - something in the database is wrong.  This includes missing
         metadata keys as well as impossible values (like an ip_version of 7).

       o MMDB_UNKNOWN_DATABASE_FORMAT_ERROR - The database metadata  indicates  that  it's  major
         version is not 2.  This library can only handle major version 2.

       o MMDB_OUT_OF_MEMORY_ERROR - a memory allocation call (malloc, etc.) failed.

       o MMDB_INVALID_DATA_ERROR - an entry in the data section contains invalid data.  For exam-
         ple, a uint16 field is claiming to be more than 2 bytes long.  The database is  probably
         damaged or was generated incorrectly.

       o MMDB_INVALID_LOOKUP_PATH_ERROR   -   The   lookup   path   passed   to   MMDB_get_value,
         MMDB_vget_value, or MMDB_aget_value  contains  an  array  offset  that  is  larger  than
         LONG_MAX or smaller than LONG_MIN.

       o MMDB_LOOKUP_PATH_DOES_NOT_MATCH_DATA_ERROR  -  The  lookup  path passed to MMDB_get_val-
         ue,MMDB_vget_value, or MMDB_aget_value does not match the data structure for the  entry.
         There are number of reasons this can happen.  The lookup path could include a key not in
         a map.  The lookup path could include an array index larger than  an  array  or  smaller
         than  the minimum offset from the end of an array.  It can also happen when the path ex-
         pects to find a map or array where none exist.

       All status codes should be treated as int values.

   MMDB_strerror()

           const char *MMDB_strerror(int error_code)

       This function takes a status code and returns an English string explaining the status.

FUNCTIONS
       This library provides the following exported functions:

   MMDB_open()

           int MMDB_open(
               const char *const filename,
               uint32_t flags,
               MMDB_s *const mmdb);

       This function opens a handle to a MaxMind DB file.  Its return value is a status  code  as
       defined above.  Always check this call's return value.

           MMDB_s mmdb;
           int status =
               MMDB_open("/path/to/file.mmdb", MMDB_MODE_MMAP, &mmdb);
           if (MMDB_SUCCESS != status) { ... }
           ...
           MMDB_close(&mmdb);

       filename must be encoded as UTF-8 on Windows.

       The MMDB_s structure you pass in can be on the stack or allocated from the heap.  However,
       if the open is successful it will contain heap-allocated data, so you  need  to  close  it
       with  MMDB_close().   If  the  status returned is not MMDB_SUCCESS then this library makes
       sure that all allocated memory is freed before returning.

       The flags currently provided are:

       o MMDB_MODE_MMAP - open the database with mmap().

       Passing in other values for flags may yield unpredictable results.  In the future  we  may
       add additional flags that you can bitwise-or together with the mode, as well as additional
       modes.

       You can also pass 0 as the flags value in which case the database will be opened with  the
       default  flags.   However,  these defaults may change in future releases.  The current de-
       fault is MMDB_MODE_MMAP.

   MMDB_close()

           void MMDB_close(MMDB_s *const mmdb);

       This frees any allocated or mmap'd memory that is held from the MMDB_s structure.  It does
       not  free  the  memory allocated for the structure itself!  If you allocated the structure
       from the heap then you are responsible for freeing it.

   MMDB_lookup_string()

           MMDB_lookup_result_s MMDB_lookup_string(
               MMDB_s *const mmdb,
               const char *const ipstr,
               int *const gai_error,
               int *const mmdb_error);

       This function looks up an IP address that is passed in as a null-terminated  string.   In-
       ternally  it calls getaddrinfo() to resolve the address into a binary form.  It then calls
       MMDB_lookup_sockaddr() to look the address up in the database.  If you  have  already  re-
       solved  an address you can call MMDB_lookup_sockaddr() directly, rather than resolving the
       address twice.

           int gai_error, mmdb_error;
           MMDB_lookup_result_s result =
               MMDB_lookup_string(&mmdb, "1.2.3.4", &gai_error, &mmdb_error);
           if (0 != gai_error) { ... }
           if (MMDB_SUCCESS != mmdb_error) { ... }

           if (result.found_entry) { ... }

       This function always returns an MMDB_lookup_result_s structure, but you should also  check
       the  gai_error  and mmdb_error parameters.  If either of these indicates an error then the
       returned structure is meaningless.

       If no error occurred you still need to make sure that the found_entry member  in  the  re-
       turned result is true.  If it's not, this means that the IP address does not have an entry
       in the database.

       This function will work with IPv4 addresses even when the database contains data for  both
       IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.  The IPv4 address will be looked up as '::xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx' rather
       than being remapped to the ::ffff:xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx block allocated for IPv4-mapped IPv6 ad-
       dresses.

       If  you pass an IPv6 address to a database with only IPv4 data then the found_entry member
       will be false, but the mmdb_error status will still be MMDB_SUCCESS.

   MMDB_lookup_sockaddr()

           MMDB_lookup_result_s MMDB_lookup_sockaddr(
               MMDB_s *const mmdb,
               const struct sockaddr *const sockaddr,
               int *const mmdb_error);

       This function looks up an IP address that has already been resolved by getaddrinfo().

       Other  than  not  calling  getaddrinfo()  itself,  this  function  is  identical  to   the
       MMDB_lookup_string() function.

           int mmdb_error;
           MMDB_lookup_result_s result =
               MMDB_lookup_sockaddr(&mmdb, address->ai_addr, &mmdb_error);
           if (MMDB_SUCCESS != mmdb_error) { ... }

           if (result.found_entry) { ... }

   Data Lookup Functions
       There are three functions for looking up data associated with an IP address.

           int MMDB_get_value(
               MMDB_entry_s *const start,
               MMDB_entry_data_s *const entry_data,
               ...);
           int MMDB_vget_value(
               MMDB_entry_s *const start,
               MMDB_entry_data_s *const entry_data,
               va_list va_path);
           int MMDB_aget_value(
               MMDB_entry_s *const start,
               MMDB_entry_data_s *const entry_data,
               const char *const *const path);

       The  three  functions  allow  three slightly different calling styles, but they all do the
       same thing.

       The first parameter is an MMDB_entry_s value.  In most  cases  this  will  come  from  the
       MMDB_lookup_result_s value returned by MMDB_lookup_string() or MMDB_lookup_sockaddr().

       The second parameter is a reference to an MMDB_entry_data_s structure.  This will be popu-
       lated with the data that is being looked up, if any is found.  If nothing is  found,  then
       the  has_data  member  of  this structure will be false.  If has_data is true then you can
       look at the data_type member.

       The final parameter is a lookup path.  The path consists of a set of strings  representing
       either  map  keys  (e.g,  "city")  or  array  indexes (e.g., "0", "1", "-1") to use in the
       lookup.

       Negative array indexes will be treated as an offset from the end of the  array.   For  in-
       stance, "-1" refers to the last element of the array.

       The  lookup path allows you to navigate a complex data structure.  For example, given this
       data:

           {
               "names": {
                   "en": "Germany",
                   "de": "Deutschland"
               },
               "cities": [ "Berlin", "Frankfurt" ]
           }

       We could look up the English name with this code:

           MMDB_lookup_result_s result =
               MMDB_lookup_sockaddr(&mmdb, address->ai_addr, &mmdb_error);
           MMDB_entry_data_s entry_data;
           int status =
               MMDB_get_value(&result.entry, &entry_data,
                              "names", "en", NULL);
           if (MMDB_SUCCESS != status) { ... }
           if (entry_data.has_data) { ... }

       If we wanted to find the first city the lookup path would be "cities", "0".  If you  don't
       provide a lookup path at all, you'll get the entry which corresponds to the top level map.
       The lookup path must always end with NULL, regardless of which function you call.

       The MMDB_get_value function takes a variable number of arguments.  All  of  the  arguments
       after  the  MMDB_entry_data_s *  structure pointer are the lookup path.  The last argument
       must be NULL.

       The MMDB_vget_value function accepts a va_list as the lookup path.  The last  element  re-
       trieved by va_arg() must be NULL.

       Finally,  the  MMDB_aget_value  accepts  an array of strings as the lookup path.  The last
       member of this array must be NULL.

       If you want to get all of the entry data at once you can  call  MMDB_get_entry_data_list()
       instead.

       For each of the three functions, the return value is a status code as defined above.

   MMDB_get_entry_data_list()

           int MMDB_get_entry_data_list(
               MMDB_entry_s *start,
               MMDB_entry_data_list_s **const entry_data_list);

       This  function  allows  you  to  get all of the data for a complex data structure at once,
       rather than looking up each piece using repeated calls to MMDB_get_value().

           MMDB_lookup_result_s result =
               MMDB_lookup_sockaddr(&mmdb, address->ai_addr, &mmdb_error);
           MMDB_entry_data_list_s *entry_data_list, *first;
           int status =
               MMDB_get_entry_data_list(&result.entry, &entry_data_list);
           if (MMDB_SUCCESS != status) { ... }
           // save this so we can free this data later
           first = entry_data_list;

           while (1) {
               MMDB_entry_data_list_s *next = entry_data_list = entry_data_list->next;
               if (NULL == next) {
                   break;
               }

               switch (next->entry_data.type) {
                   case MMDB_DATA_TYPE_MAP: { ... }
                   case MMDB_DATA_TYPE_UTF8_STRING: { ... }
                   ...
               }

           }

           MMDB_free_entry_data_list(first);

       It's up to you to interpret the entry_data_list data structure.  The list is linked  in  a
       depth-first traversal.  Let's use this structure as an example:

           {
               "names": {
                   "en": "Germany",
                   "de": "Deutschland"
               },
               "cities": [ "Berlin", "Frankfurt" ]
           }

       The list will consist of the following items:

        1. MAP - top level map

        2. UTF8_STRING - "names" key

        3. MAP - map for "names" key

        4. UTF8_STRING - "en" key

        5. UTF8_STRING - value for "en" key

        6. UTF8_STRING - "de" key

        7. UTF8_STRING - value for "de" key

        8. UTF8_STRING - "cities" key

        9. ARRAY - value for "cities" key

       10. UTF8_STRING - array[0]

       11. UTF8_STRING - array[1]

       The return value of the function is a status code as defined above.

   MMDB_free_entry_data_list()

           void MMDB_free_entry_data_list(
               MMDB_entry_data_list_s *const entry_data_list);

       The  MMDB_get_entry_data_list()  and MMDB_get_metadata_as_entry_data_list() functions will
       allocate the linked list structure from the heap.  Call this function to free the MMDB_en-
       try_data_list_s structure.

   MMDB_get_metadata_as_entry_data_list()

           int MMDB_get_metadata_as_entry_data_list(
               MMDB_s *const mmdb,
               MMDB_entry_data_list_s **const entry_data_list);

       This  function  allows  you to retrieve the database metadata as a linked list of MMDB_en-
       try_data_list_s structures.  This can be a more convenient way to deal with  the  metadata
       than using the metadata structure directly.

               MMDB_entry_data_list_s *entry_data_list, *first;
               int status =
                   MMDB_get_metadata_as_entry_data_list(&mmdb, &entry_data_list);
               if (MMDB_SUCCESS != status) { ... }
               first = entry_data_list;
               ... // do something with the data
               MMDB_free_entry_data_list(first);

       The return value of the function is a status code as defined above.

   MMDB_dump_entry_data_list()

           int MMDB_dump_entry_data_list(
               FILE *const stream,
               MMDB_entry_data_list_s *const entry_data_list,
               int indent);

       This  function takes a linked list of MMDB_entry_data_list_s structures and stringifies it
       to the given stream.  The indent parameter is the starting indent level for the  generated
       output.  It is incremented for nested data structures (maps, array, etc.).

       The  stream must be a file handle (stdout, etc).  If your platform provides something like
       the GNU open_memstream() you can use that to capture the output as a string.

       The output is formatted in a JSON-ish fashion, but values are marked with their data  type
       (except for maps and arrays which are shown with "{}" and "[]" respectively).

       The  specific  output  format may change in future releases, so you should not rely on the
       specific formatting produced by this function.  It is intended to be used to show data  to
       users in a readable way and for debugging purposes.

       The return value of the function is a status code as defined above.

   MMDB_read_node()

           int MMDB_read_node(
               MMDB_s *const mmdb,
               uint32_t node_number,
               MMDB_search_node_s *const node);

       This  reads  a  specific node in the search tree.  The third argument is a reference to an
       MMDB_search_node_s structure that will be populated by this function.

       The return value is a status code.  If you pass a node_number that  is  greater  than  the
       number of nodes in the database, this function will return MMDB_INVALID_NODE_NUMBER_ERROR,
       otherwise it will return MMDB_SUCCESS.

       The first node in the search tree is always node 0.  If you wanted  to  iterate  over  the
       whole  search  tree,  you would start by reading node 0 and then following the the records
       that  make  up  this  node,  based  on  the  type  of  each  record.   If  the   type   is
       MMDB_RECORD_TYPE_SEARCH_NODE then the record contains an integer for the next node to look
       up.

   MMDB_lib_version()

           const char *MMDB_lib_version(void)

       This function returns the library version as a string, something like "2.0.0".

EXAMPLE

           #include <errno.h>
           #include <maxminddb.h>
           #include <stdlib.h>
           #include <string.h>

           int main(int argc, char **argv)
           {
               char *filename = argv[1];
               char *ip_address = argv[2];

               MMDB_s mmdb;
               int status = MMDB_open(filename, MMDB_MODE_MMAP, &mmdb);

               if (MMDB_SUCCESS != status) {
                   fprintf(stderr, "\n  Can't open %s - %s\n",
                           filename, MMDB_strerror(status));

                   if (MMDB_IO_ERROR == status) {
                       fprintf(stderr, "    IO error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
                   }
                   exit(1);
               }

               int gai_error, mmdb_error;
               MMDB_lookup_result_s result =
                   MMDB_lookup_string(&mmdb, ip_address, &gai_error, &mmdb_error);

               if (0 != gai_error) {
                   fprintf(stderr,
                           "\n  Error from getaddrinfo for %s - %s\n\n",
                           ip_address, gai_strerror(gai_error));
                   exit(2);
               }

               if (MMDB_SUCCESS != mmdb_error) {
                   fprintf(stderr,
                           "\n  Got an error from libmaxminddb: %s\n\n",
                           MMDB_strerror(mmdb_error));
                   exit(3);
               }

               MMDB_entry_data_list_s *entry_data_list = NULL;

               int exit_code = 0;
               if (result.found_entry) {
                   int status = MMDB_get_entry_data_list(&result.entry,
                                                         &entry_data_list);

                   if (MMDB_SUCCESS != status) {
                       fprintf(
                           stderr,
                           "Got an error looking up the entry data - %s\n",
                           MMDB_strerror(status));
                       exit_code = 4;
                       goto end;
                   }

                   if (NULL != entry_data_list) {
                       MMDB_dump_entry_data_list(stdout, entry_data_list, 2);
                   }
               } else {
                   fprintf(
                       stderr,
                       "\n  No entry for this IP address (%s) was found\n\n",
                       ip_address);
                   exit_code = 5;
               }

               end:
                   MMDB_free_entry_data_list(entry_data_list);
                   MMDB_close(&mmdb);
                   exit(exit_code);
           }

THREAD SAFETY
       This library is thread safe when compiled and linked with a thread-safe  malloc  and  free
       implementation.

INSTALLATION AND SOURCE
       You  can  download the latest release of libmaxminddb from GitHub (https://github.com/max-
       mind/libmaxminddb/releases).

       Our GitHub repo (https://github.com/maxmind/libmaxminddb) is publicly  available.   Please
       fork it!

BUG REPORTS AND PULL REQUESTS
       Please  report  all issues to our GitHub issue tracker (https://github.com/maxmind/libmax-
       minddb/issues).  We welcome bug reports and pull requests.  Please note that pull requests
       are greatly preferred over patches.

AUTHORS
       This  library  was  written by Boris Zentner (bzentner AT maxmind.com) and Dave Rolsky (drol-
       sky AT maxmind.com).

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
       Copyright 2013-2014 MaxMind, Inc.

       Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this  file
       except in compliance with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

           http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

       Unless  required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the
       License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY  KIND,
       either  express  or  implied.  See the License for the specific language governing permis-
       sions and limitations under the License.

SEE ALSO
       mmdblookup(1)

                                                                                  libmaxminddb(3)

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