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CAT(1) User Commands CAT(1)

📋 NAME

cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output

🚀 Quick Reference

Use Case	Command	Description
Concatenate files	cat file1 file2	Output contents of file1 and file2 sequentially
Number all lines	cat -n file	Display file with line numbers
Number non-blank lines	cat -b file	Number only non-empty lines
Show ends of lines	cat -E file	Display $ at end of each line
Show tabs	cat -T file	Display TAB characters as ^I
Squeeze blank lines	cat -s file	Suppress repeated empty lines
Show all non-printing	cat -v file	Use ^ and M- notation
Read from stdin	cat	Copy standard input to standard output

📖 SYNOPSIS

cat [OPTION]... [FILE]...

📝 DESCRIPTION

Concatenate FILE(s) to standard output.

With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

• -A, --show-all — 🔍 Show all, equivalent to -vET
• -b, --number-nonblank — 🔢 Number nonempty output lines, overrides -n
• -e — 🔍 Equivalent to -vE
• -E, --show-ends — ⏹️ Display $ at end of each line
• -n, --number — 🔢 Number all output lines
• -s, --squeeze-blank — 🧹 Suppress repeated empty output lines
• -t — 🔍 Equivalent to -vT
• -T, --show-tabs — ↹ Display TAB characters as ^I
• -u — ⏭️ Ignored
• -v, --show-nonprinting — 🔣 Use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
• --help — ❓ Display this help and exit
• --version — ℹ️ Output version information and exit

💡 EXAMPLES

cat f - g

Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.

cat

Copy standard input to standard output.

👤 AUTHOR

Written by Torbjorn Granlund and Richard M. Stallman.

🐛 REPORTING BUGS

GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>

Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

📄 COPYRIGHT

Copyright © 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.

This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

🔗 SEE ALSO

tac(1)

Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/cat> or available locally via: info '(coreutils) cat invocation'

📋 NAME 🚀 Quick Reference 📖 SYNOPSIS 📝 DESCRIPTION 💡 EXAMPLES 👤 AUTHOR 🐛 REPORTING BUGS 📄 COPYRIGHT 🔗 SEE ALSO