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Xorg(1)                                General Commands Manual                               Xorg(1)



NAME
       Xorg - X11R7 X server

SYNOPSIS
       Xorg [:display] [option ...]

DESCRIPTION
       Xorg  is a full featured X server that was originally designed for UNIX and UNIX-like operat‐
       ing systems running on Intel x86 hardware.  It now runs on a wider range of hardware  and  OS
       platforms.

       This  work  was derived by the X.Org Foundation from the XFree86 Project's XFree86 4.4rc2 re‐
       lease.  The XFree86 release was originally derived from X386 1.2 by Thomas  Roell  which  was
       contributed to X11R5 by Snitily Graphics Consulting Service.

PLATFORMS
       Xorg  operates under a wide range of operating systems and hardware platforms.  The Intel x86
       (IA32) architecture is the most widely supported hardware platform.  Other hardware platforms
       include  Compaq Alpha, Intel IA64, AMD64, SPARC and PowerPC.  The most widely supported oper‐
       ating systems are the free/OpenSource UNIX-like systems such as Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, Open‐
       BSD,  and  Solaris.   Commercial  UNIX operating systems such as UnixWare are also supported.
       Other supported operating systems  include  GNU  Hurd.   Mac  OS  X  is  supported  with  the
       Xquartz(1) X server.  Win32/Cygwin is supported with the XWin(1) X server.

NETWORK CONNECTIONS
       Xorg supports connections made using the following reliable byte-streams:

       Local
           On most platforms, the "Local" connection type is a UNIX-domain socket.  On some System V
           platforms, the "local" connection types also include STREAMS pipes, named pipes, and some
           other mechanisms.  See the "LOCAL CONNECTIONS" section of X(7) for details.

       TCP/IP
           Xorg listens on port 6000+n, where n is the display number.  This connection type is usu‐
           ally disabled by default, but may be enabled with the -listen option (see the  Xserver(1)
           man page for details).

OPTIONS
       Xorg  supports  several mechanisms for supplying/obtaining configuration and run-time parame‐
       ters: command line options, environment  variables,  the  xorg.conf(5)  configuration  files,
       auto-detection,  and  fallback  defaults.  When the same information is supplied in more than
       one way, the highest precedence mechanism is used.  The list of mechanisms  is  ordered  from
       highest  precedence to lowest.  Note that not all parameters can be supplied via all methods.
       The available command line options and environment variables  (and  some  defaults)  are  de‐
       scribed  here  and  in  the Xserver(1) manual page.  Most configuration file parameters, with
       their defaults, are described in the xorg.conf(5) manual page.  Driver  and  module  specific
       configuration parameters are described in the relevant driver or module manual page.

       In  addition  to  the normal server options described in the Xserver(1) manual page, Xorg ac‐
       cepts the following command line switches:

       vtXX    XX specifies the Virtual Terminal device number which Xorg will  use.   Without  this
               option, Xorg will pick the first available Virtual Terminal that it can locate.  This
               option applies only to platforms that have virtual terminal support, such  as  Linux,
               BSD, OpenSolaris, SVR3, and SVR4.

       -allowMouseOpenFail
               Allow the server to start up even if the mouse device can't be opened or initialised.
               This is equivalent to the AllowMouseOpenFail xorg.conf(5) file option.

       -allowNonLocalXvidtune
               Make the VidMode extension available to remote clients.   This  allows  the  xvidtune
               client to connect from another host.  This is equivalent to the AllowNonLocalXvidtune
               xorg.conf(5) file option.  By default non-local connections are not allowed.

       -bgamma value
               Set the blue gamma correction.  value must be between 0.1 and  10.   The  default  is
               1.0.   Not  all  drivers support this.  See also the -gamma, -rgamma, and -ggamma op‐
               tions.

       -bpp n  No longer supported.  Use -depth to set the color depth, and use -fbbpp if you really
               need to force a non-default framebuffer (hardware) pixel format.

       -config file
               Read the server configuration from file.  This option will work for any file when the
               server is run as root (i.e, with real-uid 0), or for files relative to a directory in
               the config search path for all other users.

       -configdir directory
               Read  the  server  configuration files from directory.  This option will work for any
               directory when the server is run as root (i.e, with real-uid 0), or  for  directories
               relative to a directory in the config directory search path for all other users.

       -configure
               When this option is specified, the Xorg server loads all video driver modules, probes
               for available hardware, and writes out an initial xorg.conf(5) file based on what was
               detected.   This  option  currently  has some problems on some platforms, but in most
               cases it is a good way to bootstrap the configuration process.  This option  is  only
               available when the server is run as root (i.e, with real-uid 0).

       -crt /dev/ttyXX
               SCO  only.  This is the same as the vt option, and is provided for compatibility with
               the native SCO X server.

       -depth n
               Sets the default color depth.  Legal values are 1, 4, 8, 15, 16,  and  24.   Not  all
               drivers support all values.

       -disableVidMode
               Disable  the parts of the VidMode extension (used by the xvidtune client) that can be
               used to change the video modes.  This is equivalent  to  the  DisableVidModeExtension
               xorg.conf(5) file option.

       -fbbpp n
               Sets  the  number  of framebuffer bits per pixel.  You should only set this if you're
               sure it's necessary; normally the server can deduce the  correct  value  from  -depth
               above.   Useful if you want to run a depth 24 configuration with a 24 bpp framebuffer
               rather than the (possibly default) 32 bpp framebuffer (or vice versa).  Legal  values
               are 1, 8, 16, 24, 32.  Not all drivers support all values.

       -gamma value
               Set  the  gamma  correction.   value must be between 0.1 and 10.  The default is 1.0.
               This value is applied equally to the R, G and B values.  Those values can be set  in‐
               dependently  with the -rgamma, -bgamma, and -ggamma options.  Not all drivers support
               this.

       -ggamma value
               Set the green gamma correction.  value must be between 0.1 and 10.   The  default  is
               1.0.   Not  all  drivers support this.  See also the -gamma, -rgamma, and -bgamma op‐
               tions.

       -ignoreABI
               The Xorg server checks the ABI revision levels of each module that it loads.  It will
               normally  refuse to load modules with ABI revisions that are newer than the server's.
               This is because such modules might use interfaces that  the  server  does  not  have.
               When  this option is specified, mismatches like this are downgraded from fatal errors
               to warnings.  This option should be used with care.

       -isolateDevice bus-id
               Restrict device resets to the device at bus-id.   The  bus-id  string  has  the  form
               bustype:bus:device:function  (e.g.,  ‘PCI:1:0:0’).  At present, only isolation of PCI
               devices is supported; i.e., this option is ignored if bustype is anything other  than
               ‘PCI’.

       -keeptty
               Prevent  the  server  from detaching its initial controlling terminal. If you want to
               use systemd-logind integration you must specify this option.  Not all platforms  sup‐
               port (or can use) this option.

       -keyboard keyboard-name
               Use  the  xorg.conf(5) file InputDevice section called keyboard-name as the core key‐
               board.  This option is ignored when the Layout section specifies a core keyboard.  In
               the  absence of both a Layout section and this option, the first relevant InputDevice
               section is used for the core keyboard.

       -layout layout-name
               Use the xorg.conf(5) file Layout section called layout-name.  By  default  the  first
               Layout section is used.

       -logfile filename
               Use  the file called filename as the Xorg server log file.  The default log file when
               running   as   root   is   /var/log/Xorg.n.log   and   for    non    root    it    is
               $XDG_DATA_HOME/xorg/Xorg.n.log where n is the display number of the Xorg server.  The
               default may be in a different directory on  some  platforms.   This  option  is  only
               available when the server is run as root (i.e, with real-uid 0).

       -logverbose [n]
               Sets the verbosity level for information printed to the Xorg server log file.  If the
               n value isn't supplied, each occurrence of this option increments the log  file  ver‐
               bosity  level.   When the n value is supplied, the log file verbosity level is set to
               that value.  The default log file verbosity level is 3.

       -modulepath searchpath
               Set the module search path to searchpath.  searchpath is a comma  separated  list  of
               directories  to  search  for Xorg server modules.  This option is only available when
               the server is run as root (i.e, with real-uid 0).

       -noautoBindGPU
               Disable automatically setting secondary GPUs up as output sinks and offload  sources.
               This is equivalent to setting the AutoBindGPU xorg.conf(5) file option. To false.

       -nosilk Disable Silken Mouse support.

       -novtswitch
               Disable the automatic switching on X server reset and shutdown to the VT that was ac‐
               tive when the server started, if supported by the OS.

       -pointer pointer-name
               Use the xorg.conf(5)  file  InputDevice  section  called  pointer-name  as  the  core
               pointer.   This  option  is ignored when the Layout section specifies a core pointer.
               In the absence of both a Layout section and this option, the first relevant  InputDe‐‐
               vice section is used for the core pointer.

       -quiet  Suppress most informational messages at startup.  The verbosity level is set to zero.

       -rgamma value
               Set the red gamma correction.  value must be between 0.1 and 10.  The default is 1.0.
               Not all drivers support this.  See also the -gamma, -bgamma, and -ggamma options.

       -sharevts
               Share virtual terminals with another X server, if supported by the OS.

       -screen screen-name
               Use the xorg.conf(5) file Screen section called screen-name.  By default the  screens
               referenced  by  the default Layout section are used, or the first Screen section when
               there are no Layout sections.

       -showconfig
               This is the same as the -version option, and is included for  compatibility  reasons.
               It may be removed in a future release, so the -version option should be used instead.

       -showDefaultModulePath
               Print out the default module path the server was compiled with.

       -showDefaultLibPath
               Print out the path libraries should be installed to.

       -showopts
               For  each  driver  module installed, print out the list of options and their argument
               types.

       -weight nnn
               Set RGB weighting at 16 bpp.  The default is 565.  This applies only to those drivers
               which support 16 bpp.

       -verbose [n]
               Sets  the  verbosity  level  for information printed on stderr.  If the n value isn't
               supplied, each occurrence of this option increments the verbosity level.  When the  n
               value  is  supplied, the verbosity level is set to that value.  The default verbosity
               level is 0.

       -version
               Print out the server version, patchlevel, release date, the operating system/platform
               it was built on, and whether it includes module loader support.

KEYBOARD
       The  Xorg  server  is  normally  configured  to recognize various special combinations of key
       presses that instruct the server to perform some action, rather than  just  sending  the  key
       press  event to a client application. These actions depend on the XKB keymap loaded by a par‐
       ticular keyboard device and may or may not be available on a given configuration.

       The following key combinations are commonly part of the default XKEYBOARD keymap.

       Ctrl+Alt+Backspace
               Immediately kills the server -- no questions asked. It can be disabled by setting the
               DontZap xorg.conf(5) file option to a TRUE value.

               It  should  be  noted that zapping is triggered by the Terminate_Server action in the
               keyboard map. This action is not part of the default keymaps but can be enabled  with
               the XKB option "terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp".

       Ctrl+Alt+Keypad-Plus
               Change  video mode to next one specified in the configuration file.  This can be dis‐
               abled with the DontZoom xorg.conf(5) file option.

       Ctrl+Alt+Keypad-Minus
               Change video mode to previous one specified in the configuration file.  This  can  be
               disabled with the DontZoom xorg.conf(5) file option.

       Ctrl+Alt+F1...F12
               For  systems  with virtual terminal support, these keystroke combinations are used to
               switch to virtual terminals 1 through 12, respectively.  This can  be  disabled  with
               the DontVTSwitch xorg.conf(5) file option.

CONFIGURATION
       Xorg  typically  uses  a configuration file called xorg.conf and configuration files with the
       suffix .conf in a  directory  called  xorg.conf.d  for  its  initial  setup.   Refer  to  the
       xorg.conf(5) manual page for information about the format of this file.

       Xorg  has  a mechanism for automatically generating a built-in configuration at run-time when
       no xorg.conf file or xorg.conf.d files are present.  The current version  of  this  automatic
       configuration mechanism works in two ways.

       The  first is via enhancements that have made many components of the xorg.conf file optional.
       This means that information that can be probed or reasonably deduced doesn't need to be spec‐
       ified  explicitly,  greatly  reducing  the  amount of built-in configuration information that
       needs to be generated at run-time.

       The second is to have "safe" fallbacks for most configuration  information.   This  maximises
       the  likelihood that the Xorg server will start up in some usable configuration even when in‐
       formation about the specific hardware is not available.

       The automatic configuration support for Xorg is work in progress.  It is currently  aimed  at
       the most popular hardware and software platforms supported by Xorg.  Enhancements are planned
       for future releases.

FILES
       The Xorg server config files can be found in a range  of  locations.   These  are  documented
       fully in the xorg.conf(5) manual page.  The most commonly used locations are shown here.

       /etc/X11/xorg.conf            Server configuration file.

       /etc/X11/xorg.conf-4          Server configuration file.

       /etc/xorg.conf                Server configuration file.

       /usr/etc/xorg.conf            Server configuration file.

       /usr/lib/X11/xorg.conf        Server configuration file.

       /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d          Server configuration directory.

       /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d-4        Server configuration directory.

       /etc/xorg.conf.d              Server configuration directory.

       /usr/etc/xorg.conf.d          Server configuration directory.

       /usr/lib/X11/xorg.conf.d      Server configuration directory.

       /var/log/Xorg.n.log           Server log file for display n.

       /usr/bin/∗∗                    Client binaries.

       /usr/include/∗∗                Header files.

       /usr/lib/∗∗                    Libraries.

       /usr/share/fonts/X11/∗∗        Fonts.

       /usr/share/X11/XErrorDB       Client error message database.

       /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/∗∗   Client resource specifications.

       /usr/share/man/man?/∗∗         Manual pages.

       /etc/Xn.hosts                 Initial access control list for display n.

SEE ALSO
       X(7),  Xserver(1), xdm(1), xinit(1), xorg.conf(5), xvidtune(1), xkeyboard-config (7), apm(4),
       ati(4), chips(4), cirrus(4), cyrix(4), fbdev(4), glide(4), glint(4),  i128(4),  i740(4),  im‐
       stt(4),  intel(4), mga(4), neomagic(4), nsc(4), nv(4), openchrome (4), r128(4), rendition(4),
       s3virge(4), siliconmotion(4), sis(4), sunbw2(4), suncg14(4), suncg3(4), suncg6(4), sunffb(4),
       sunleo(4), suntcx(4), tdfx(4), tga(4), trident(4), tseng(4), v4l(4), vesa(4), vmware(4),
       Web site <https://www.x.org>.


AUTHORS
       Xorg  has  many contributors world wide.  The names of most of them can be found in the docu‐
       mentation, ChangeLog files in the source tree, and in the actual source code.

       Xorg was originally based on XFree86 4.4rc2.  That was originally based on X386 1.2 by Thomas
       Roell, which was contributed to the then X Consortium's X11R5 distribution by SGCS.

       Xorg is released by the X.Org Foundation.

       The project that became XFree86 was originally founded in 1992 by David Dawes, Glenn Lai, Jim
       Tsillas and David Wexelblat.

       XFree86 was later integrated in the then X Consortium's X11R6 release by a group of dedicated
       XFree86 developers, including the following:

           Stuart Anderson    anderson AT metrolink.com
           Doug Anson         danson AT lgc.com
           Gertjan Akkerman   akkerman AT dutiba.nl
           Mike Bernson       mike AT mbsun.org
           Robin Cutshaw      robin AT XFree86.org
           David Dawes        dawes AT XFree86.org
           Marc Evans         marc AT XFree86.org
           Pascal Haible      haible AT izfm.de
           Matthieu Herrb     Matthieu.Herrb AT laas.fr
           Dirk Hohndel       hohndel AT XFree86.org
           David Holland      davidh AT use.com
           Alan Hourihane     alanh AT fairlite.uk
           Jeffrey Hsu        hsu AT soda.edu
           Glenn Lai          glenn AT cs.edu
           Ted Lemon          mellon AT ncd.com
           Rich Murphey       rich AT XFree86.org
           Hans Nasten        nasten AT everyware.se
           Mark Snitily       mark AT sgcs.com
           Randy Terbush      randyt AT cse.edu
           Jon Tombs          tombs AT XFree86.org
           Kees Verstoep      versto AT cs.nl
           Paul Vixie         paul AT vix.com
           Mark Weaver        Mark_Weaver AT brown.edu
           David Wexelblat    dwex AT XFree86.org
           Philip Wheatley    Philip.Wheatley AT ColumbiaSC.COM
           Thomas Wolfram     wolf AT prz.de
           Orest Zborowski    orestz AT eskimo.com

       Xorg  source  is  available from the FTP server <ftp://ftp.x.org/>, and from the X.Org server
       <https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/>.  Documentation and other  information  can  be  found
       from the X.Org web site <https://www.x.org/>.


LEGAL
       Xorg  is copyright software, provided under licenses that permit modification and redistribu‐
       tion in source and binary form without fee.  Xorg is copyright by numerous authors  and  con‐
       tributors  from around the world.  Licensing information can be found at <https://www.x.org>.
       Refer to the source code for specific copyright notices.

       XFree86(TM) is a trademark of The XFree86 Project, Inc.

       X11(TM) and X Window System(TM) are trademarks of The Open Group.



X Version 11                             xorg-server 21.1.4                                  Xorg(1)