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SAR(1)                                 Linux User's Manual                                 SAR(1)

NAME
       sar - Collect, report, or save system activity information.

SYNOPSIS
       sar [ -A ] [ -B ] [ -b ] [ -C ] [ -D ] [ -d ] [ -F [ MOUNT ] ] [ -H ] [ -h ] [ -p ] [ -r [
       ALL ] ] [ -S ] [ -t ] [ -u [ ALL ] ] [ -V ] [ -v ] [ -W ] [ -w ] [ -y ] [ -z ] [ --dec={ 0
       |  1  |  2  }  ]  [  --dev=dev_list  ]  [  --fs=fs_list  ]  [  --help  ]  [  --human  ]  [
       --iface=iface_list ] [ --pretty ] [ --sadc ] [ -I { int_list | SUM  |  ALL  }  ]  [  -P  {
       cpu_list  |  ALL  } ] [ -m { keyword[,...] | ALL } ] [ -n { keyword[,...] | ALL } ] [ -q [
       keyword[,...] | ALL ] ] [ -j { SID | ID | LABEL | PATH | UUID | ... } ] [ -f [ filename  ]
       |  -o [ filename ] | -[0-9]+ ] [ -i interval ] [ -s [ hh:mm[:ss] ] ] [ -e [ hh:mm[:ss] ] ]
       [ interval [ count ] ]

DESCRIPTION
       The sar command writes to standard output the contents  of  selected  cumulative  activity
       counters  in the operating system. The accounting system, based on the values in the count
       and interval parameters, writes information the specified number of times  spaced  at  the
       specified intervals in seconds.  If the interval parameter is set to zero, the sar command
       displays the average statistics for the time since the system was started. If the interval
       parameter  is  specified  without the count parameter, then reports are generated continu-
       ously.  The collected data can also be saved in the file  specified  by  the  -o  filename
       flag, in addition to being displayed onto the screen. If filename is omitted, sar uses the
       standard system activity daily data file (see below).  By default all the  data  available
       from the kernel are saved in the data file.

       The sar command extracts and writes to standard output records previously saved in a file.
       This file can be either the one specified by the -f flag or, by default, the standard sys-
       tem  activity daily data file.  It is also possible to enter -1, -2 etc. as an argument to
       sar to display data of that days ago. For example, -1 will point at  the  standard  system
       activity file of yesterday.

       Standard  system activity daily data files are named saDD or saYYYYMMDD, where YYYY stands
       for the current year, MM for the current month and DD for the current day.  They  are  the
       default  files used by sar only when no filename has been explicitly specified.  When used
       to write data to files (with its option -o), sar will use saYYYYMMDD if option -D has also
       been  specified, else it will use saDD.  When used to display the records previously saved
       in a file, sar will look for the most recent of saDD and saYYYYMMDD, and use it.

       Standard system activity daily data files are located in the /var/log/sysstat directory by
       default. Yet it is possible to specify an alternate location for them: If a directory (in-
       stead of a plain file) is used with options -f or -o then it will be considered as the di-
       rectory containing the data files.

       Without  the  -P  flag,  the sar command reports system-wide (global among all processors)
       statistics, which are calculated as averages for values expressed as percentages,  and  as
       sums otherwise. If the -P flag is given, the sar command reports activity which relates to
       the specified processor or processors. If -P ALL is given, the sar command reports statis-
       tics  for  each  individual  processor and global statistics among all processors. Offline
       processors are not displayed.

       You can select information about specific system activities using  flags.  Not  specifying
       any  flags selects only CPU activity.  Specifying the -A flag selects all possible activi-
       ties.

       The default version of the sar command (CPU utilization report) might be one of the  first
       facilities the user runs to begin system activity investigation, because it monitors major
       system resources. If CPU utilization is near 100 percent (user + nice + system), the work-
       load sampled is CPU-bound.

       If  multiple samples and multiple reports are desired, it is convenient to specify an out-
       put file for the sar command. Run the sar command as a background process. The syntax  for
       this is:

       sar -o datafile interval count >/dev/null 2>&1 &

       All data are captured in binary form and saved to a file (datafile).  The data can then be
       selectively displayed with the sar command using the -f option. Set the interval and count
       parameters to select count records at interval second intervals. If the count parameter is
       not set, all the records saved in the file will be selected.  Collection of data  in  this
       manner is useful to characterize system usage over a period of time and determine peak us-
       age hours.

       Note: The sar command only reports on local activities.

OPTIONS
       -A     This is equivalent to specifying -bBdFHSvwWy -I SUM -m ALL -n ALL -q ALL -r ALL  -u
              ALL.   This  option  also implies specifying -I ALL -P ALL unless these options are
              explicitly set on the command line.

       -B     Report paging statistics.  The following values are displayed:

              pgpgin/s
                     Total number of kilobytes the system paged in from disk per second.

              pgpgout/s
                     Total number of kilobytes the system paged out to disk per second.

              fault/s
                     Number of page faults (major + minor) made by the system per  second.   This
                     is  not  a  count of page faults that generate I/O, because some page faults
                     can be resolved without I/O.

              majflt/s
                     Number of major faults the system has made per second, those which have  re-
                     quired loading a memory page from disk.

              pgfree/s
                     Number of pages placed on the free list by the system per second.

              pgscank/s
                     Number of pages scanned by the kswapd daemon per second.

              pgscand/s
                     Number of pages scanned directly per second.

              pgsteal/s
                     Number  of  pages  the  system has reclaimed from cache (pagecache and swap-
                     cache) per second to satisfy its memory demands.

              %vmeff Calculated as pgsteal / pgscan, this is a metric of the efficiency  of  page
                     reclaim.  If  it  is near 100% then almost every page coming off the tail of
                     the inactive list is being reaped. If it gets too low (e.g. less  than  30%)
                     then  the virtual memory is having some difficulty.  This field is displayed
                     as zero if no pages have been scanned during the interval of time.

       -b     Report I/O and transfer rate statistics. The following values are displayed:

              tps    Total number of transfers per second that were issued to  physical  devices.
                     A transfer is an I/O request to a physical device. Multiple logical requests
                     can be combined into a single I/O request to the device.  A transfer  is  of
                     indeterminate size.

              rtps   Total number of read requests per second issued to physical devices.

              wtps   Total number of write requests per second issued to physical devices.

              dtps   Total number of discard requests per second issued to physical devices.

              bread/s
                     Total amount of data read from the devices in blocks per second.  Blocks are
                     equivalent to sectors and therefore have a size of 512 bytes.

              bwrtn/s
                     Total amount of data written to devices in blocks per second.

              bdscd/s
                     Total amount of data discarded for devices in blocks per second.

       -C     When reading data from a file, tell sar to display comments that have been inserted
              by sadc.

       -D     Use  saYYYYMMDD  instead  of  saDD  as the standard system activity daily data file
              name. This option works only when used in conjunction with option -o to  save  data
              to file.

       -d     Report activity for each block device.  When data are displayed, the device name is
              displayed as it (should) appear in /dev.  sar uses data in /sys  to  determine  the
              device  name  based on its major and minor numbers.  If this name resolution fails,
              sar will use name mapping controlled by /etc/sysstat/sysstat.ioconf file.   Persis-
              tent  device names can also be printed if option -j is used (see below). Statistics
              for all devices are displayed unless a restricted list is  specified  using  option
              --dev= (see corresponding option entry).  Note that disk activity depends on sadc's
              options -S DISK and -S XDISK to be collected. The following values are displayed:

              tps    Total number of transfers per second that were issued to  physical  devices.
                     A transfer is an I/O request to a physical device. Multiple logical requests
                     can be combined into a single I/O request to the device.  A transfer  is  of
                     indeterminate size.

              rkB/s  Number of kilobytes read from the device per second.

              wkB/s  Number of kilobytes written to the device per second.

              dkB/s  Number of kilobytes discarded for the device per second.

              areq-sz
                     The  average size (in kilobytes) of the I/O requests that were issued to the
                     device.
                     Note: In previous versions, this field was known as  avgrq-sz  and  was  ex-
                     pressed in sectors.

              aqu-sz The average queue length of the requests that were issued to the device.
                     Note: In previous versions, this field was known as avgqu-sz.

              await  The  average time (in milliseconds) for I/O requests issued to the device to
                     be served. This includes the time spent by the requests  in  queue  and  the
                     time spent servicing them.

              %util  Percentage  of elapsed time during which I/O requests were issued to the de-
                     vice (bandwidth utilization for the device). Device saturation  occurs  when
                     this  value  is close to 100% for devices serving requests serially. But for
                     devices serving requests in parallel, such as RAID arrays and  modern  SSDs,
                     this number does not reflect their performance limits.

       --dec={ 0 | 1 | 2 }
              Specify the number of decimal places to use (0 to 2, default value is 2).

       --dev=dev_list
              Specify  the  block  devices  for  which  statistics  are  to  be displayed by sar.
              dev_list is a list of comma-separated device names.

       -e [ hh:mm[:ss] ]
              Set the ending time of the report. The default ending time is 18:00:00. Hours  must
              be  given  in  24-hour  format.  This option can be used when data are read from or
              written to a file (options -f or -o).

       -F [ MOUNT ]
              Display statistics for currently mounted filesystems.  Pseudo-filesystems  are  ig-
              nored.  At  the end of the report, sar will display a summary of all those filesys-
              tems. Use of the MOUNT parameter keyword indicates that mountpoint will be reported
              instead of filesystem device. Statistics for all filesystems are displayed unless a
              restricted list is specified using option --fs= (see corresponding  option  entry).
              Note that filesystems statistics depend on sadc's option -S XDISK to be collected.

              The following values are displayed:

              MBfsfree
                     Total  amount  of free space in megabytes (including space available only to
                     privileged user).

              MBfsused
                     Total amount of space used in megabytes.

              %fsused
                     Percentage of filesystem space used, as seen by a privileged user.

              %ufsused
                     Percentage of filesystem space used, as seen by an unprivileged user.

              Ifree  Total number of free file nodes in filesystem.

              Iused  Total number of file nodes used in filesystem.

              %Iused Percentage of file nodes used in filesystem.

       -f [ filename ]
              Extract records from filename (created by the -o filename flag). The default  value
              of  the filename parameter is the current standard system activity daily data file.
              If filename is a directory instead of a plain file then it is considered as the di-
              rectory  where the standard system activity daily data files are located. Option -f
              is exclusive of option -o.

       --fs=fs_list
              Specify the filesystems for which statistics are to be displayed by  sar.   fs_list
              is a list of comma-separated filesystem names or mountpoints.

       -H     Report hugepages utilization statistics.  The following values are displayed:

              kbhugfree
                     Amount of hugepages memory in kilobytes that is not yet allocated.

              kbhugused
                     Amount of hugepages memory in kilobytes that has been allocated.

              %hugused
                     Percentage of total hugepages memory that has been allocated.

              kbhugrsvd
                     Amount of reserved hugepages memory in kilobytes.

              kbhugsurp
                     Amount of surplus hugepages memory in kilobytes.

       -h     This option is equivalent to specifying --pretty --human.

       --help Display a short help message then exit.

       --human
              Print  sizes  in human readable format (e.g. 1.0k, 1.2M, etc.)  The units displayed
              with this option supersede any other default units  (e.g.   kilobytes,  sectors...)
              associated with the metrics.

       -I { int_list | SUM | ALL }
              Report  statistics for interrupts.  int_list is a list of comma-separated values or
              range of values (e.g., 0-16,35,400-). The SUM keyword indicates that the total num-
              ber of interrupts received per second is to be displayed. The ALL keyword indicates
              that statistics from all interrupts, including potential  APIC  interrupt  sources,
              are  to be reported.  Note that interrupt statistics depend on sadc's option -S INT
              to be collected.

       -i interval
              Select data records at seconds as close as possible to the number specified by  the
              interval parameter.

       --iface=iface_list
              Specify  the  network  interfaces  for which statistics are to be displayed by sar.
              iface_list is a list of comma-separated interface names.

       -j { SID | ID | LABEL | PATH | UUID | ... }
              Display persistent device names. Use this option in  conjunction  with  option  -d.
              Keywords  ID,  LABEL,  etc. specify the type of the persistent name. These keywords
              are not limited, only prerequisite is that directory with required persistent names
              is  present  in  /dev/disk.  Keyword SID tries to get a stable identifier to use as
              the device name. A stable identifier won't change across reboots for the same phys-
              ical device. If it exists, this identifier is normally the WWN (World Wide Name) of
              the device, as read from the /dev/disk/by-id directory.

       -m { keyword[,...] | ALL }
              Report power management statistics.  Note that these statistics  depend  on  sadc's
              option -S POWER to be collected.

              Possible keywords are CPU, FAN, FREQ, IN, TEMP and USB.

              With  the  CPU  keyword, statistics about CPU are reported.  The following value is
              displayed:

              MHz    Instantaneous CPU clock frequency in MHz.

              With the FAN keyword, statistics about fans speed are reported.  The following val-
              ues are displayed:

              rpm    Fan speed expressed in revolutions per minute.

              drpm   This  field  is calculated as the difference between current fan speed (rpm)
                     and its low limit (fan_min).

              DEVICE Sensor device name.

              With the FREQ keyword, statistics about CPU clock frequency are reported.  The fol-
              lowing value is displayed:

              wghMHz Weighted  average  CPU  clock frequency in MHz.  Note that the cpufreq-stats
                     driver must be compiled in the kernel for this option to work.

              With the IN keyword, statistics about voltage inputs are reported.   The  following
              values are displayed:

              inV    Voltage input expressed in Volts.

              %in    Relative  input  value. A value of 100% means that voltage input has reached
                     its high limit (in_max) whereas a value of 0% means that it has reached  its
                     low limit (in_min).

              DEVICE Sensor device name.

              With the TEMP keyword, statistics about devices temperature are reported.  The fol-
              lowing values are displayed:

              degC   Device temperature expressed in degrees Celsius.

              %temp  Relative device temperature. A value of  100%  means  that  temperature  has
                     reached its high limit (temp_max).

              DEVICE Sensor device name.

              With  the USB keyword, the sar command takes a snapshot of all the USB devices cur-
              rently plugged into the system. At the end of the report, sar will display  a  sum-
              mary of all those USB devices.  The following values are displayed:

              BUS    Root hub number of the USB device.

              idvendor
                     Vendor ID number (assigned by USB organization).

              idprod Product ID number (assigned by Manufacturer).

              maxpower
                     Maximum power consumption of the device (expressed in mA).

              manufact
                     Manufacturer name.

              product
                     Product name.

              The  ALL  keyword  is equivalent to specifying all the keywords above and therefore
              all the power management statistics are reported.

       -n { keyword[,...] | ALL }
              Report network statistics.

              Possible keywords are DEV, EDEV, FC, ICMP, EICMP,  ICMP6,  EICMP6,  IP,  EIP,  IP6,
              EIP6, NFS, NFSD, SOCK, SOCK6, SOFT, TCP, ETCP, UDP and UDP6.

              With the DEV keyword, statistics from the network devices are reported.  Statistics
              for all network interfaces are displayed unless a restricted list is specified  us-
              ing  option  --iface=  (see  corresponding option entry).  The following values are
              displayed:

              IFACE  Name of the network interface for which statistics are reported.

              rxpck/s
                     Total number of packets received per second.

              txpck/s
                     Total number of packets transmitted per second.

              rxkB/s Total number of kilobytes received per second.

              txkB/s Total number of kilobytes transmitted per second.

              rxcmp/s
                     Number of compressed packets received per second (for cslip etc.).

              txcmp/s
                     Number of compressed packets transmitted per second.

              rxmcst/s
                     Number of multicast packets received per second.

              %ifutil
                     Utilization percentage of the network interface. For half-duplex interfaces,
                     utilization is calculated using the sum of rxkB/s and txkB/s as a percentage
                     of the interface speed. For full-duplex, this is the greater  of  rxkB/S  or
                     txkB/s.

              With the EDEV keyword, statistics on failures (errors) from the network devices are
              reported.  Statistics for all network interfaces are displayed unless a  restricted
              list is specified using option --iface= (see corresponding option entry).  The fol-
              lowing values are displayed:

              IFACE  Name of the network interface for which statistics are reported.

              rxerr/s
                     Total number of bad packets received per second.

              txerr/s
                     Total number of errors that happened per second while transmitting packets.

              coll/s Number of collisions that happened per second while transmitting packets.

              rxdrop/s
                     Number of received packets dropped per second because of a lack of space  in
                     linux buffers.

              txdrop/s
                     Number  of transmitted packets dropped per second because of a lack of space
                     in linux buffers.

              txcarr/s
                     Number of carrier-errors that happened per second while  transmitting  pack-
                     ets.

              rxfram/s
                     Number  of frame alignment errors that happened per second on received pack-
                     ets.

              rxfifo/s
                     Number of FIFO overrun errors that happened per second on received packets.

              txfifo/s
                     Number of FIFO overrun errors that happened per second on transmitted  pack-
                     ets.

              With  the  FC  keyword,  statistics about fibre channel traffic are reported.  Note
              that fibre channel statistics depend on sadc's option -S DISK to be collected.  The
              following values are displayed:

              FCHOST Name of the fibre channel host bus adapter (HBA) interface for which statis-
                     tics are reported.

              fch_rxf/s
                     The total number of frames received per second.

              fch_txf/s
                     The total number of frames transmitted per second.

              fch_rxw/s
                     The total number of transmission words received per second.

              fch_txw/s
                     The total number of transmission words transmitted per second.

              With the ICMP keyword, statistics about ICMPv4 network traffic are reported.   Note
              that  ICMPv4  statistics depend on sadc's option -S SNMP to be collected.  The fol-
              lowing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              imsg/s The total number of ICMP messages  which  the  entity  received  per  second
                     [icmpInMsgs].  Note that this counter includes all those counted by ierr/s.

              omsg/s The  total  number  of ICMP messages which this entity attempted to send per
                     second [icmpOutMsgs].  Note that this counter includes all those counted  by
                     oerr/s.

              iech/s The  number  of  ICMP  Echo (request) messages received per second [icmpInE-
                     chos].

              iechr/s
                     The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages received per second [icmpInEchoReps].

              oech/s The number of ICMP Echo (request) messages sent per second [icmpOutEchos].

              oechr/s
                     The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages sent per second [icmpOutEchoReps].

              itm/s  The number of ICMP Timestamp (request) messages received per second [icmpIn-
                     Timestamps].

              itmr/s The  number  of  ICMP  Timestamp Reply messages received per second [icmpIn-
                     TimestampReps].

              otm/s  The number of ICMP Timestamp (request) messages sent  per  second  [icmpOut-
                     Timestamps].

              otmr/s The  number  of ICMP Timestamp Reply messages sent per second [icmpOutTimes-
                     tampReps].

              iadrmk/s
                     The number of ICMP Address Mask Request messages received per second  [icmp-
                     InAddrMasks].

              iadrmkr/s
                     The  number  of  ICMP Address Mask Reply messages received per second [icmp-
                     InAddrMaskReps].

              oadrmk/s
                     The number of ICMP Address Mask Request messages sent per second [icmpOutAd-
                     drMasks].

              oadrmkr/s
                     The number of ICMP Address Mask Reply messages sent per second [icmpOutAddr-
                     MaskReps].

              With the EICMP keyword, statistics about ICMPv4 error messages are reported.   Note
              that  ICMPv4  statistics depend on sadc's option -S SNMP to be collected.  The fol-
              lowing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              ierr/s The number of ICMP messages per second which the entity received but  deter-
                     mined  as having ICMP-specific errors (bad ICMP checksums, bad length, etc.)
                     [icmpInErrors].

              oerr/s The number of ICMP messages per second which this entity did not send due to
                     problems discovered within ICMP such as a lack of buffers [icmpOutErrors].

              idstunr/s
                     The  number  of  ICMP  Destination  Unreachable messages received per second
                     [icmpInDestUnreachs].

              odstunr/s
                     The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages sent  per  second  [icm-
                     pOutDestUnreachs].

              itmex/s
                     The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages received per second [icmpInTimeEx-
                     cds].

              otmex/s
                     The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages sent  per  second  [icmpOutTimeEx-
                     cds].

              iparmpb/s
                     The  number  of ICMP Parameter Problem messages received per second [icmpIn-
                     ParmProbs].

              oparmpb/s
                     The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages sent per second  [icmpOutParm-
                     Probs].

              isrcq/s
                     The  number  of  ICMP Source Quench messages received per second [icmpInSrc-
                     Quenchs].

              osrcq/s
                     The number of ICMP Source  Quench  messages  sent  per  second  [icmpOutSrc-
                     Quenchs].

              iredir/s
                     The number of ICMP Redirect messages received per second [icmpInRedirects].

              oredir/s
                     The number of ICMP Redirect messages sent per second [icmpOutRedirects].

              With the ICMP6 keyword, statistics about ICMPv6 network traffic are reported.  Note
              that ICMPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option -S IPV6 to be collected.   The  fol-
              lowing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              imsg6/s
                     The total number of ICMP messages received by the interface per second which
                     includes all those counted by ierr6/s [ipv6IfIcmpInMsgs].

              omsg6/s
                     The total number of ICMP messages which this interface attempted to send per
                     second [ipv6IfIcmpOutMsgs].

              iech6/s
                     The  number  of  ICMP  Echo (request) messages received by the interface per
                     second [ipv6IfIcmpInEchos].

              iechr6/s
                     The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages received by the interface per  second
                     [ipv6IfIcmpInEchoReplies].

              oechr6/s
                     The  number  of  ICMP  Echo  Reply messages sent by the interface per second
                     [ipv6IfIcmpOutEchoReplies].

              igmbq6/s
                     The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Query messages received by the  inter-
                     face per second [ipv6IfIcmpInGroupMembQueries].

              igmbr6/s
                     The  number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Response messages received by the in-
                     terface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInGroupMembResponses].

              ogmbr6/s
                     The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership  Response  messages  sent  per  second
                     [ipv6IfIcmpOutGroupMembResponses].

              igmbrd6/s
                     The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Reduction messages received by the in-
                     terface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInGroupMembReductions].

              ogmbrd6/s
                     The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Reduction  messages  sent  per  second
                     [ipv6IfIcmpOutGroupMembReductions].

              irtsol6/s
                     The  number  of  ICMP  Router Solicit messages received by the interface per
                     second [ipv6IfIcmpInRouterSolicits].

              ortsol6/s
                     The number of ICMP Router Solicitation messages sent by  the  interface  per
                     second [ipv6IfIcmpOutRouterSolicits].

              irtad6/s
                     The  number  of ICMP Router Advertisement messages received by the interface
                     per second [ipv6IfIcmpInRouterAdvertisements].

              inbsol6/s
                     The number of ICMP Neighbor Solicit messages received by the  interface  per
                     second [ipv6IfIcmpInNeighborSolicits].

              onbsol6/s
                     The  number of ICMP Neighbor Solicitation messages sent by the interface per
                     second [ipv6IfIcmpOutNeighborSolicits].

              inbad6/s
                     The number of ICMP Neighbor Advertisement messages received by the interface
                     per second [ipv6IfIcmpInNeighborAdvertisements].

              onbad6/s
                     The number of ICMP Neighbor Advertisement messages sent by the interface per
                     second [ipv6IfIcmpOutNeighborAdvertisements].

              With the EICMP6 keyword, statistics about ICMPv6 error messages are reported.  Note
              that  ICMPv6  statistics depend on sadc's option -S IPV6 to be collected.  The fol-
              lowing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              ierr6/s
                     The number of ICMP messages per second which the interface received but  de-
                     termined  as  having  ICMP-specific  errors (bad ICMP checksums, bad length,
                     etc.)  [ipv6IfIcmpInErrors]

              idtunr6/s
                     The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages received by  the  inter-
                     face per second [ipv6IfIcmpInDestUnreachs].

              odtunr6/s
                     The  number  of  ICMP Destination Unreachable messages sent by the interface
                     per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutDestUnreachs].

              itmex6/s
                     The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages received by the interface per sec-
                     ond [ipv6IfIcmpInTimeExcds].

              otmex6/s
                     The  number  of ICMP Time Exceeded messages sent by the interface per second
                     [ipv6IfIcmpOutTimeExcds].

              iprmpb6/s
                     The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages received by the interface  per
                     second [ipv6IfIcmpInParmProblems].

              oprmpb6/s
                     The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages sent by the interface per sec-
                     ond [ipv6IfIcmpOutParmProblems].

              iredir6/s
                     The number of  Redirect  messages  received  by  the  interface  per  second
                     [ipv6IfIcmpInRedirects].

              oredir6/s
                     The  number of Redirect messages sent by the interface by second [ipv6IfIcm-
                     pOutRedirects].

              ipck2b6/s
                     The number of ICMP Packet Too Big messages received  by  the  interface  per
                     second [ipv6IfIcmpInPktTooBigs].

              opck2b6/s
                     The  number of ICMP Packet Too Big messages sent by the interface per second
                     [ipv6IfIcmpOutPktTooBigs].

              With the IP keyword, statistics about IPv4 network traffic are reported.  Note that
              IPv4  statistics  depend  on  sadc's option -S SNMP to be collected.  The following
              values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              irec/s The total number of input datagrams received from interfaces per second, in-
                     cluding those received in error [ipInReceives].

              fwddgm/s
                     The  number  of  input  datagrams  per second, for which this entity was not
                     their final IP destination, as a result of which an attempt was made to find
                     a route to forward them to that final destination [ipForwDatagrams].

              idel/s The  total number of input datagrams successfully delivered per second to IP
                     user-protocols (including ICMP) [ipInDelivers].

              orq/s  The total number of IP datagrams which local  IP  user-protocols  (including
                     ICMP)  supplied  per  second  to  IP  in requests for transmission [ipOutRe-
                     quests].  Note that this counter does not include any datagrams  counted  in
                     fwddgm/s.

              asmrq/s
                     The  number  of IP fragments received per second which needed to be reassem-
                     bled at this entity [ipReasmReqds].

              asmok/s
                     The  number  of  IP   datagrams   successfully   re-assembled   per   second
                     [ipReasmOKs].

              fragok/s
                     The  number  of  IP datagrams that have been successfully fragmented at this
                     entity per second [ipFragOKs].

              fragcrt/s
                     The number of IP datagram fragments that have been generated per second as a
                     result of fragmentation at this entity [ipFragCreates].

              With the EIP keyword, statistics about IPv4 network errors are reported.  Note that
              IPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option -S SNMP to  be  collected.   The  following
              values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              ihdrerr/s
                     The number of input datagrams discarded per second due to errors in their IP
                     headers, including bad checksums, version number mismatch, other format  er-
                     rors,  time-to-live  exceeded,  errors discovered in processing their IP op-
                     tions, etc. [ipInHdrErrors]

              iadrerr/s
                     The number of input datagrams discarded per second because the IP address in
                     their  IP  header's destination field was not a valid address to be received
                     at this entity. This count includes invalid addresses  (e.g.,  0.0.0.0)  and
                     addresses of unsupported Classes (e.g., Class E). For entities which are not
                     IP routers and therefore do not forward  datagrams,  this  counter  includes
                     datagrams  discarded because the destination address was not a local address
                     [ipInAddrErrors].

              iukwnpr/s
                     The number of locally-addressed datagrams  received  successfully  but  dis-
                     carded  per  second  because  of an unknown or unsupported protocol [ipInUn-
                     knownProtos].

              idisc/s
                     The number of input IP datagrams per second for which no problems  were  en-
                     countered  to  prevent  their continued processing, but which were discarded
                     (e.g., for lack of buffer space) [ipInDiscards].   Note  that  this  counter
                     does not include any datagrams discarded while awaiting re-assembly.

              odisc/s
                     The  number  of  output IP datagrams per second for which no problem was en-
                     countered to prevent their transmission to their destination, but which were
                     discarded  (e.g., for lack of buffer space) [ipOutDiscards].  Note that this
                     counter would include datagrams counted in fwddgm/s if any such packets  met
                     this (discretionary) discard criterion.

              onort/s
                     The  number  of  IP datagrams discarded per second because no route could be
                     found to transmit them to their destination [ipOutNoRoutes].  Note that this
                     counter  includes any packets counted in fwddgm/s which meet this 'no-route'
                     criterion.  Note that this includes any datagrams which a host cannot  route
                     because all of its default routers are down.

              asmf/s The  number  of failures detected per second by the IP re-assembly algorithm
                     (for whatever reason: timed out, errors,  etc)  [ipReasmFails].   Note  that
                     this  is  not necessarily a count of discarded IP fragments since some algo-
                     rithms can lose track of the number of fragments by combining them  as  they
                     are received.

              fragf/s
                     The  number of IP datagrams that have been discarded per second because they
                     needed to be fragmented at this entity but could not be, e.g., because their
                     Don't Fragment flag was set [ipFragFails].

              With  the  IP6  keyword,  statistics about IPv6 network traffic are reported.  Note
              that IPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option -S IPV6 to be collected.  The  follow-
              ing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              irec6/s
                     The total number of input datagrams received from interfaces per second, in-
                     cluding those received in error [ipv6IfStatsInReceives].

              fwddgm6/s
                     The number of output datagrams per second which  this  entity  received  and
                     forwarded to their final destinations [ipv6IfStatsOutForwDatagrams].

              idel6/s
                     The  total  number  of  datagrams  successfully delivered per second to IPv6
                     user-protocols (including ICMP) [ipv6IfStatsInDelivers].

              orq6/s The total number of IPv6 datagrams which local IPv6 user-protocols  (includ-
                     ing ICMP) supplied per second to IPv6 in requests for transmission [ipv6IfS-
                     tatsOutRequests].  Note that this counter does  not  include  any  datagrams
                     counted in fwddgm6/s.

              asmrq6/s
                     The number of IPv6 fragments received per second which needed to be reassem-
                     bled at this interface [ipv6IfStatsReasmReqds].

              asmok6/s
                     The number of IPv6 datagrams successfully reassembled per  second  [ipv6IfS-
                     tatsReasmOKs].

              imcpck6/s
                     The  number  of  multicast  packets  received  per  second  by the interface
                     [ipv6IfStatsInMcastPkts].

              omcpck6/s
                     The number of multicast packets transmitted  per  second  by  the  interface
                     [ipv6IfStatsOutMcastPkts].

              fragok6/s
                     The  number of IPv6 datagrams that have been successfully fragmented at this
                     output interface per second [ipv6IfStatsOutFragOKs].

              fragcr6/s
                     The number of output datagram fragments that have been generated per  second
                     as  a  result  of  fragmentation  at  this output interface [ipv6IfStatsOut-
                     FragCreates].

              With the EIP6 keyword, statistics about IPv6 network  errors  are  reported.   Note
              that  IPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option -S IPV6 to be collected.  The follow-
              ing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              ihdrer6/s
                     The number of input datagrams discarded per second due to  errors  in  their
                     IPv6  headers,  including  version number mismatch, other format errors, hop
                     count exceeded, errors discovered in processing  their  IPv6  options,  etc.
                     [ipv6IfStatsInHdrErrors]

              iadrer6/s
                     The  number of input datagrams discarded per second because the IPv6 address
                     in their IPv6 header's destination field was not a valid address to  be  re-
                     ceived at this entity. This count includes invalid addresses (e.g., ::0) and
                     unsupported addresses (e.g., addresses with unallocated prefixes). For enti-
                     ties which are not IPv6 routers and therefore do not forward datagrams, this
                     counter includes datagrams discarded because the destination address was not
                     a local address [ipv6IfStatsInAddrErrors].

              iukwnp6/s
                     The  number  of  locally-addressed  datagrams received successfully but dis-
                     carded per second because of an unknown or  unsupported  protocol  [ipv6IfS-
                     tatsInUnknownProtos].

              i2big6/s
                     The number of input datagrams that could not be forwarded per second because
                     their size exceeded the  link  MTU  of  outgoing  interface  [ipv6IfStatsIn-
                     TooBigErrors].

              idisc6/s
                     The number of input IPv6 datagrams per second for which no problems were en-
                     countered to prevent their continued processing, but  which  were  discarded
                     (e.g.,  for  lack  of  buffer space) [ipv6IfStatsInDiscards]. Note that this
                     counter does not include any datagrams discarded while awaiting re-assembly.

              odisc6/s
                     The number of output IPv6 datagrams per second for which no problem was  en-
                     countered to prevent their transmission to their destination, but which were
                     discarded (e.g., for lack of buffer  space)  [ipv6IfStatsOutDiscards].  Note
                     that  this  counter would include datagrams counted in fwddgm6/s if any such
                     packets met this (discretionary) discard criterion.

              inort6/s
                     The number of input datagrams discarded per second because no route could be
                     found to transmit them to their destination [ipv6IfStatsInNoRoutes].

              onort6/s
                     The number of locally generated IP datagrams discarded per second because no
                     route could be found to transmit them to their destination  [unknown  formal
                     SNMP name].

              asmf6/s
                     The number of failures detected per second by the IPv6 re-assembly algorithm
                     (for whatever reason:  timed  out,  errors,  etc.)  [ipv6IfStatsReasmFails].
                     Note  that this is not necessarily a count of discarded IPv6 fragments since
                     some algorithms can lose track of the number of fragments by combining  them
                     as they are received.

              fragf6/s
                     The  number  of  IPv6  datagrams that have been discarded per second because
                     they needed to be fragmented at this  output  interface  but  could  not  be
                     [ipv6IfStatsOutFragFails].

              itrpck6/s
                     The  number  of  input datagrams discarded per second because datagram frame
                     didn't carry enough data [ipv6IfStatsInTruncatedPkts].

              With the NFS keyword, statistics about NFS client activity are reported.  The  fol-
              lowing values are displayed:

              call/s Number of RPC requests made per second.

              retrans/s
                     Number  of  RPC  requests per second, those which needed to be retransmitted
                     (for example because of a server timeout).

              read/s Number of 'read' RPC calls made per second.

              write/s
                     Number of 'write' RPC calls made per second.

              access/s
                     Number of 'access' RPC calls made per second.

              getatt/s
                     Number of 'getattr' RPC calls made per second.

              With the NFSD keyword, statistics about NFS server activity are reported.  The fol-
              lowing values are displayed:

              scall/s
                     Number of RPC requests received per second.

              badcall/s
                     Number  of bad RPC requests received per second, those whose processing gen-
                     erated an error.

              packet/s
                     Number of network packets received per second.

              udp/s  Number of UDP packets received per second.

              tcp/s  Number of TCP packets received per second.

              hit/s  Number of reply cache hits per second.

              miss/s Number of reply cache misses per second.

              sread/s
                     Number of 'read' RPC calls received per second.

              swrite/s
                     Number of 'write' RPC calls received per second.

              saccess/s
                     Number of 'access' RPC calls received per second.

              sgetatt/s
                     Number of 'getattr' RPC calls received per second.

              With the SOCK keyword, statistics on sockets in use are reported (IPv4).  The  fol-
              lowing values are displayed:

              totsck Total number of sockets used by the system.

              tcpsck Number of TCP sockets currently in use.

              udpsck Number of UDP sockets currently in use.

              rawsck Number of RAW sockets currently in use.

              ip-frag
                     Number of IP fragments currently in queue.

              tcp-tw Number of TCP sockets in TIME_WAIT state.

              With  the  SOCK6  keyword,  statistics on sockets in use are reported (IPv6).  Note
              that IPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option -S IPV6 to be collected.  The  follow-
              ing values are displayed:

              tcp6sck
                     Number of TCPv6 sockets currently in use.

              udp6sck
                     Number of UDPv6 sockets currently in use.

              raw6sck
                     Number of RAWv6 sockets currently in use.

              ip6-frag
                     Number of IPv6 fragments currently in use.

              With  the  SOFT keyword, statistics about software-based network processing are re-
              ported.  The following values are displayed:

              total/s
                     The total number of network frames processed per second.

              dropd/s
                     The total number of network frames dropped per second because there  was  no
                     room on the processing queue.

              squeezd/s
                     The  number  of times the softirq handler function terminated per second be-
                     cause its budget was consumed or the time limit was reached, but  more  work
                     could have been done.

              rx_rps/s
                     The  number of times the CPU has been woken up per second to process packets
                     via an inter-processor interrupt.

              flw_lim/s
                     The number of times the flow limit has been reached per second.  Flow limit-
                     ing is an optional RPS feature that can be used to limit the number of pack-
                     ets queued to the backlog for each flow to a certain amount.  This can  help
                     ensure  that  smaller  flows are processed even though much larger flows are
                     pushing packets in.

              With the TCP keyword, statistics about TCPv4 network traffic  are  reported.   Note
              that TCPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option -S SNMP to be collected.  The follow-
              ing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              active/s
                     The number of times TCP connections have made a  direct  transition  to  the
                     SYN-SENT state from the CLOSED state per second [tcpActiveOpens].

              passive/s
                     The  number  of  times  TCP connections have made a direct transition to the
                     SYN-RCVD state from the LISTEN state per second [tcpPassiveOpens].

              iseg/s The total number of segments received per second, including  those  received
                     in  error  [tcpInSegs].   This count includes segments received on currently
                     established connections.

              oseg/s The total number of segments sent per second,  including  those  on  current
                     connections   but  excluding  those  containing  only  retransmitted  octets
                     [tcpOutSegs].

              With the ETCP keyword, statistics about TCPv4 network errors  are  reported.   Note
              that TCPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option -S SNMP to be collected.  The follow-
              ing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              atmptf/s
                     The number of times per second TCP connections have made a direct transition
                     to  the  CLOSED  state from either the SYN-SENT state or the SYN-RCVD state,
                     plus the number of times per second TCP connections have made a direct tran-
                     sition to the LISTEN state from the SYN-RCVD state [tcpAttemptFails].

              estres/s
                     The number of times per second TCP connections have made a direct transition
                     to the CLOSED state from either the  ESTABLISHED  state  or  the  CLOSE-WAIT
                     state [tcpEstabResets].

              retrans/s
                     The  total number of segments retransmitted per second - that is, the number
                     of TCP segments transmitted containing one or  more  previously  transmitted
                     octets [tcpRetransSegs].

              isegerr/s
                     The total number of segments received in error (e.g., bad TCP checksums) per
                     second [tcpInErrs].

              orsts/s
                     The number  of  TCP  segments  sent  per  second  containing  the  RST  flag
                     [tcpOutRsts].

              With  the  UDP  keyword, statistics about UDPv4 network traffic are reported.  Note
              that UDPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option -S SNMP to be collected.  The follow-
              ing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              idgm/s The  total number of UDP datagrams delivered per second to UDP users [udpIn-
                     Datagrams].

              odgm/s The total number of UDP datagrams sent per second from this entity  [udpOut-
                     Datagrams].

              noport/s
                     The total number of received UDP datagrams per second for which there was no
                     application at the destination port [udpNoPorts].

              idgmerr/s
                     The number of received UDP datagrams per second that could not be  delivered
                     for  reasons  other  than the lack of an application at the destination port
                     [udpInErrors].

              With the UDP6 keyword, statistics about UDPv6 network traffic are  reported.   Note
              that UDPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option -S IPV6 to be collected.  The follow-
              ing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              idgm6/s
                     The total number of UDP datagrams delivered per second to UDP users  [udpIn-
                     Datagrams].

              odgm6/s
                     The  total number of UDP datagrams sent per second from this entity [udpOut-
                     Datagrams].

              noport6/s
                     The total number of received UDP datagrams per second for which there was no
                     application at the destination port [udpNoPorts].

              idgmer6/s
                     The  number of received UDP datagrams per second that could not be delivered
                     for reasons other than the lack of an application at  the  destination  port
                     [udpInErrors].

              The  ALL  keyword  is equivalent to specifying all the keywords above and therefore
              all the network activities are reported.

       -o [ filename ]
              Save the readings in the file in binary form. Each reading is in a separate record.
              The default value of the filename parameter is the current standard system activity
              daily data file. If filename is a directory instead of a plain file then it is con-
              sidered  as  the  directory where the standard system activity daily data files are
              located. Option -o is exclusive of option -f.  All the data available from the ker-
              nel  are saved in the file (in fact, sar calls its data collector sadc with the op-
              tion -S ALL.  See sadc(8) manual page).

       -P { cpu_list | ALL }
              Report  per-processor  statistics  for  the  specified  processor  or   processors.
              cpu_list   is   a  list  of  comma-separated  values  or  range  of  values  (e.g.,
              0,2,4-7,12-).  Note that processor 0 is the first processor, and processor  all  is
              the  global  average among all processors.  Specifying the ALL keyword reports sta-
              tistics for each individual processor, and globally  for  all  processors.  Offline
              processors are not displayed.

       -p, --pretty
              Make  reports easier to read by a human.  This option may be especially useful when
              displaying e.g., network interfaces or block devices statistics.

       -q [ keyword[,...] | ALL ]
              Report system load and pressure-stall statistics.

              Possible keywords are CPU, IO, LOAD, MEM and PSI".

              With the CPU keyword, CPU pressure statistics are reported.  The  following  values
              are displayed:

              %scpu-10
                     Percentage  of  the  time that at least some runnable tasks were delayed be-
                     cause the CPU was unavailable to them, over the last 10 second window.

              %scpu-60
                     Percentage of the time that at least some runnable tasks  were  delayed  be-
                     cause the CPU was unavailable to them, over the last 60 second window.

              %scpu-300
                     Percentage  of  the  time that at least some runnable tasks were delayed be-
                     cause the CPU was unavailable to them, over the last 300 second window.

              %scpu  Percentage of the time that at least some runnable tasks  were  delayed  be-
                     cause the CPU was unavailable to them, over the last time interval.

              With  the  IO  keyword, I/O pressure statistics are reported.  The following values
              are displayed:

              %sio-10
                     Percentage of the time that at least some tasks lost waiting for  I/O,  over
                     the last 10 second window.

              %sio-60
                     Percentage  of  the time that at least some tasks lost waiting for I/O, over
                     the last 60 second window.

              %sio-300
                     Percentage of the time that at least some tasks lost waiting for  I/O,  over
                     the last 300 second window.

              %sio   Percentage  of  the time that at least some tasks lost waiting for I/O, over
                     the last time interval.

              %fio-10
                     Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled  waiting
                     for I/O, over the last 10 second window.

              %fio-60
                     Percentage  of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled waiting
                     for I/O, over the last 60 second window.

              %fio-300
                     Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled  waiting
                     for I/O, over the last 300 second window.

              %fio   Percentage  of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled waiting
                     for I/O, over the last time interval.

              With the LOAD keyword, queue length and load averages statistics are reported.  The
              following values are displayed:

              runq-sz
                     Run queue length (number of tasks running or waiting for run time).

              plist-sz
                     Number of tasks in the task list.

              ldavg-1
                     System  load average for the last minute.  The load average is calculated as
                     the average number of runnable or running tasks (R state), and the number of
                     tasks in uninterruptible sleep (D state) over the specified interval.

              ldavg-5
                     System load average for the past 5 minutes.

              ldavg-15
                     System load average for the past 15 minutes.

              blocked
                     Number of tasks currently blocked, waiting for I/O to complete.

              With  the MEM keyword, memory pressure statistics are reported.  The following val-
              ues are displayed:

              %smem-10
                     Percentage of the time during which at least some  tasks  were  waiting  for
                     memory resources, over the last 10 second window.

              %smem-60
                     Percentage  of  the  time  during which at least some tasks were waiting for
                     memory resources, over the last 60 second window.

              %smem-300
                     Percentage of the time during which at least some  tasks  were  waiting  for
                     memory resources, over the last 300 second window.

              %smem  Percentage  of  the  time  during which at least some tasks were waiting for
                     memory resources, over the last time interval.

              %fmem-10
                     Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled  waiting
                     for memory resources, over the last 10 second window.

              %fmem-60
                     Percentage  of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled waiting
                     for memory resources, over the last 60 second window.

              %fmem-300
                     Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled  waiting
                     for memory resources, over the last 300 second window.

              %fmem  Percentage  of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled waiting
                     for memory resources, over the last time interval.

              The PSI keyword is equivalent to specifying CPU, IO and MEM keywords  together  and
              therefore all the pressure-stall statistics are reported.

              The  ALL  keyword  is equivalent to specifying all the keywords above and therefore
              all the statistics are reported.

       -r [ ALL ]
              Report memory utilization statistics. The ALL keyword indicates that all the memory
              fields should be displayed.  The following values may be displayed:

              kbmemfree
                     Amount of free memory available in kilobytes.

              kbavail
                     Estimate  of  how much memory in kilobytes is available for starting new ap-
                     plications, without swapping.  The estimate takes into account that the sys-
                     tem  needs  some  page  cache to function well, and that not all reclaimable
                     slab will be reclaimable, due to items being in use.  The  impact  of  those
                     factors will vary from system to system.

              kbmemused
                     Amount  of  used memory in kilobytes (calculated as total installed memory -
                     kbmemfree - kbbuffers - kbcached - kbslab).

              %memused
                     Percentage of used memory.

              kbbuffers
                     Amount of memory used as buffers by the kernel in kilobytes.

              kbcached
                     Amount of memory used to cache data by the kernel in kilobytes.

              kbcommit
                     Amount of memory in kilobytes needed for current workload.  This is an esti-
                     mate  of how much RAM/swap is needed to guarantee that there never is out of
                     memory.

              %commit
                     Percentage of memory needed for current workload in relation  to  the  total
                     amount  of  memory  (RAM+swap). This number may be greater than 100% because
                     the kernel usually overcommits memory.

              kbactive
                     Amount of active memory in kilobytes (memory that has  been  used  more  re-
                     cently and usually not reclaimed unless absolutely necessary).

              kbinact
                     Amount  of inactive memory in kilobytes (memory which has been less recently
                     used. It is more eligible to be reclaimed for other purposes).

              kbdirty
                     Amount of memory in kilobytes waiting to get written back to the disk.

              kbanonpg
                     Amount of non-file backed pages in kilobytes mapped into userspace page  ta-
                     bles.

              kbslab Amount  of  memory  in kilobytes used by the kernel to cache data structures
                     for its own use.

              kbkstack
                     Amount of memory in kilobytes used for kernel stack space.

              kbpgtbl
                     Amount of memory in kilobytes dedicated to the lowest level of page tables.

              kbvmused
                     Amount of memory in kilobytes of used virtual address space.

       -S     Report swap space utilization statistics.  The following values are displayed:

              kbswpfree
                     Amount of free swap space in kilobytes.

              kbswpused
                     Amount of used swap space in kilobytes.

              %swpused
                     Percentage of used swap space.

              kbswpcad
                     Amount of cached swap memory in kilobytes.  This is  memory  that  once  was
                     swapped  out, is swapped back in but still also is in the swap area (if mem-
                     ory is needed it doesn't need to be swapped out again because it is  already
                     in the swap area. This saves I/O).

              %swpcad
                     Percentage  of  cached  swap  memory  in relation to the amount of used swap
                     space.

       -s [ hh:mm[:ss] ]
              Set the starting time of the data, causing  the  sar  command  to  extract  records
              time-tagged  at,  or  following,  the  time specified. The default starting time is
              08:00:00.  Hours must be given in 24-hour format. This option can be used only when
              data are read from a file (option -f).

       --sadc Indicate which data collector is called by sar.  If the data collector is sought in
              PATH then enter "which sadc" to know where it is located.

       -t     When reading data from a daily data file, indicate  that  sar  should  display  the
              timestamps  in  the  original local time of the data file creator. Without this op-
              tion, the sar command displays the timestamps in the user's locale time.

       -u [ ALL ]
              Report CPU utilization. The ALL keyword indicates that all the CPU fields should be
              displayed.  The report may show the following fields:

              %user  Percentage  of  CPU  utilization  that  occurred while executing at the user
                     level (application). Note that this field includes time spent  running  vir-
                     tual processors.

              %usr   Percentage  of  CPU  utilization  that  occurred while executing at the user
                     level (application). Note that this field does NOT include time  spent  run-
                     ning virtual processors.

              %nice  Percentage  of  CPU  utilization  that  occurred while executing at the user
                     level with nice priority.

              %system
                     Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing  at  the  system
                     level  (kernel). Note that this field includes time spent servicing hardware
                     and software interrupts.

              %sys   Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing  at  the  system
                     level  (kernel).  Note that this field does NOT include time spent servicing
                     hardware or software interrupts.

              %iowait
                     Percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle during  which  the  system
                     had an outstanding disk I/O request.

              %steal Percentage  of  time  spent  in  involuntary wait by the virtual CPU or CPUs
                     while the hypervisor was servicing another virtual processor.

              %irq   Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to service hardware interrupts.

              %soft  Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to service software interrupts.

              %guest Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to run a virtual processor.

              %gnice Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to run a niced guest.

              %idle  Percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle and  the  system  did  not
                     have an outstanding disk I/O request.

       -V     Print version number then exit.

       -v     Report  status  of  inode,  file and other kernel tables.  The following values are
              displayed:

              dentunusd
                     Number of unused cache entries in the directory cache.

              file-nr
                     Number of file handles used by the system.

              inode-nr
                     Number of inode handlers used by the system.

              pty-nr Number of pseudo-terminals used by the system.

       -W     Report swapping statistics. The following values are displayed:

              pswpin/s
                     Total number of swap pages the system brought in per second.

              pswpout/s
                     Total number of swap pages the system brought out per second.

       -w     Report task creation and system switching activity.  The following values are  dis-
              played:

              proc/s Total number of tasks created per second.

              cswch/s
                     Total number of context switches per second.

       -y     Report TTY devices activity. The following values are displayed:

              rcvin/s
                     Number  of  receive  interrupts  per second for current serial line.  Serial
                     line number is given in the TTY column.

              xmtin/s
                     Number of transmit interrupts per second for current serial line.

              framerr/s
                     Number of frame errors per second for current serial line.

              prtyerr/s
                     Number of parity errors per second for current serial line.

              brk/s  Number of breaks per second for current serial line.

              ovrun/s
                     Number of overrun errors per second for current serial line.

       -z     Tell sar to omit output for any devices for which there was no activity during  the
              sample period.

ENVIRONMENT
       The sar command takes into account the following environment variables:

       S_COLORS
              By default statistics are displayed in color when the output is connected to a ter-
              minal.  Use this variable to change the settings. Possible values for this variable
              are never, always or auto (the latter is equivalent to the default settings).
              Please note that the color (being red, yellow, or some other color) used to display
              a value is not indicative of any kind of issue simply because of the color. It only
              indicates different ranges of values.

       S_COLORS_SGR
              Specify the colors and other attributes used to display statistics on the terminal.
              Its  value  is  a  colon-separated  list   of   capabilities   that   defaults   to
              C=33;22:H=31;1:I=32;22:M=35;1:N=34;1:R=31;22:Z=34;22.  Supported capabilities are:

              C=     SGR (Select Graphic Rendition) substring for comments inserted in the binary
                     daily data files.

              H=     SGR substring for percentage values greater than or equal to 75%.

              I=     SGR substring for item names or values (eg.  network  interfaces,  CPU  num-
                     ber...)

              M=     SGR substring for percentage values in the range from 50% to 75%.

              N=     SGR substring for non-zero statistics values.

              R=     SGR substring for restart messages.

              Z=     SGR substring for zero values.

       S_TIME_DEF_TIME
              If  this  variable  exists  and its value is UTC then sar will save its data in UTC
              time (data will still be displayed in local time).  sar will also use UTC time  in-
              stead  of  local  time  to  determine  the  current  daily data file located in the
              /var/log/sysstat directory. This variable may be useful for servers with users  lo-
              cated across several timezones.

       S_TIME_FORMAT
              If  this  variable  exists and its value is ISO then the current locale will be ig-
              nored when printing the date in the report header.  The sar command  will  use  the
              ISO  8601  format  (YYYY-MM-DD) instead.  The timestamp will also be compliant with
              ISO 8601 format.

EXAMPLES
       sar -u 2 5
              Report CPU utilization for each 2 seconds. 5 lines are displayed.

       sar -I 14 -o int14.file 2 10
              Report statistics on IRQ 14 for each 2 seconds. 10 lines are displayed.   Data  are
              stored in a file called int14.file.

       sar -r -n DEV -f /var/log/sysstat/sa16
              Display memory and network statistics saved in daily data file sa16.

       sar -A Display all the statistics saved in current daily data file.

BUGS
       /proc filesystem must be mounted for the sar command to work.

       All  the  statistics  are not necessarily available, depending on the kernel version used.
       sar assumes that you are using at least a 2.6 kernel.

       Although sar speaks of kilobytes (kB),  megabytes  (MB)...,  it  actually  uses  kibibytes
       (kiB),  mebibytes  (MiB)...  A kibibyte is equal to 1024 bytes, and a mebibyte is equal to
       1024 kibibytes.

FILES
       /var/log/sysstat/saDD
       /var/log/sysstat/saYYYYMMDD
              The standard system activity daily data files and  their  default  location.   YYYY
              stands for the current year, MM for the current month and DD for the current day.

       /proc and /sys contain various files with system statistics.

AUTHOR
       Sebastien Godard (sysstat <at> orange.fr)

SEE ALSO
       sadc(8), sa1(8), sa2(8), sadf(1), sysstat(5), pidstat(1), mpstat(1), iostat(1), vmstat(8)

       https://github.com/sysstat/sysstat
       http://pagesperso-orange.fr/sebastien.godard/

Linux                                      AUGUST 2020                                     SAR(1)

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