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DNSSEC-TRUST-ANCHORS.D(5)             dnssec-trust-anchors.d            DNSSEC-TRUST-ANCHORS.D(5)

NAME
       dnssec-trust-anchors.d, systemd.positive, systemd.negative - DNSSEC trust anchor
       configuration files

SYNOPSIS
       /etc/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/*.positive

       /run/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/*.positive

       /usr/lib/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/*.positive

       /etc/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/*.negative

       /run/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/*.negative

       /usr/lib/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/*.negative

DESCRIPTION
       The DNSSEC trust anchor configuration files define positive and negative trust anchors
       systemd-resolved.service(8) bases DNSSEC integrity proofs on.

POSITIVE TRUST ANCHORS
       Positive trust anchor configuration files contain DNSKEY and DS resource record
       definitions to use as base for DNSSEC integrity proofs. See RFC 4035, Section 4.4[1] for
       more information about DNSSEC trust anchors.

       Positive trust anchors are read from files with the suffix .positive located in
       /etc/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/, /run/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/ and
       /usr/lib/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/. These directories are searched in the specified order,
       and a trust anchor file of the same name in an earlier path overrides a trust anchor files
       in a later path. To disable a trust anchor file shipped in
       /usr/lib/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/ it is sufficient to provide an identically-named file in
       /etc/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/ or /run/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/ that is either empty or a
       symlink to /dev/null ("masked").

       Positive trust anchor files are simple text files resembling DNS zone files, as documented
       in RFC 1035, Section 5[2]. One DS or DNSKEY resource record may be listed per line. Empty
       lines and lines starting with "#" or ";" are ignored, which may be used for commenting. A
       <consant>DS</consant> resource record is specified like in the following example:

           . IN DS 19036 8 2 49aac11d7b6f6446702e54a1607371607a1a41855200fd2ce1cdde32f24e8fb5

       The first word specifies the domain, use "."  for the root domain. The domain may be
       specified with or without trailing dot, which is considered equivalent. The second word
       must be "IN" the third word "DS". The following words specify the key tag, signature
       algorithm, digest algorithm, followed by the hex-encoded key fingerprint. See RFC 4034,
       Section 5[3] for details about the precise syntax and meaning of these fields.

       Alternatively, DNSKEY resource records may be used to define trust anchors, like in the
       following example:

           . IN DNSKEY 257 3 8 AwEAAagAIKlVZrpC6Ia7gEzahOR+9W29euxhJhVVLOyQbSEW0O8gcCjFFVQUTf6v58fLjwBd0YI0EzrAcQqBGCzh/RStIoO8g0NfnfL2MTJRkxoXbfDaUeVPQuYEhg37NZWAJQ9VnMVDxP/VHL496M/QZxkjf5/Efucp2gaDX6RS6CXpoY68LsvPVjR0ZSwzz1apAzvN9dlzEheX7ICJBBtuA6G3LQpzW5hOA2hzCTMjJPJ8LbqF6dsV6DoBQzgul0sGIcGOYl7OyQdXfZ57relSQageu+ipAdTTJ25AsRTAoub8ONGcLmqrAmRLKBP1dfwhYB4N7knNnulqQxA+Uk1ihz0=

       The first word specifies the domain again, the second word must be "IN", followed by
       "DNSKEY". The subsequent words encode the DNSKEY flags, protocol and algorithm fields,
       followed by the key data encoded in Base64. See RFC 4034, Section 2[4] for details about
       the precise syntax and meaning of these fields.

       If multiple DS or DNSKEY records are defined for the same domain (possibly even in
       different trust anchor files), all keys are used and are considered equivalent as base for
       DNSSEC proofs.

       Note that systemd-resolved will automatically use a built-in trust anchor key for the
       Internet root domain if no positive trust anchors are defined for the root domain. In most
       cases it is hence unnecessary to define an explicit key with trust anchor files. The
       built-in key is disabled as soon as at least one trust anchor key for the root domain is
       defined in trust anchor files.

       It is generally recommended to encode trust anchors in DS resource records, rather than
       DNSKEY resource records.

       If a trust anchor specified via a DS record is found revoked it is automatically removed
       from the trust anchor database for the runtime. See RFC 5011[5] for details about revoked
       trust anchors. Note that systemd-resolved will not update its trust anchor database from
       DNS servers automatically. Instead, it is recommended to update the resolver software or
       update the new trust anchor via adding in new trust anchor files.

       The current DNSSEC trust anchor for the Internet's root domain is available at the IANA
       Trust Anchor and Keys[6] page.

NEGATIVE TRUST ANCHORS
       Negative trust anchors define domains where DNSSEC validation shall be turned off.
       Negative trust anchor files are found at the same location as positive trust anchor files,
       and follow the same overriding rules. They are text files with the .negative suffix. Empty
       lines and lines whose first character is ";" are ignored. Each line specifies one domain
       name which is the root of a DNS subtree where validation shall be disabled. For example:

           # Reverse IPv4 mappings
           10.in-addr.arpa
           16.172.in-addr.arpa
           168.192.in-addr.arpa
           ...
           # Some custom domains
           prod
           stag

       Negative trust anchors are useful to support private DNS subtrees that are not referenced
       from the Internet DNS hierarchy, and not signed.

       RFC 7646[7] for details on negative trust anchors.

       If no negative trust anchor files are configured a built-in set of well-known private DNS
       zone domains is used as negative trust anchors.

       It is also possibly to define per-interface negative trust anchors using the
       DNSSECNegativeTrustAnchors= setting in systemd.network(5) files.

SEE ALSO
       systemd(1), systemd-resolved.service(8), resolved.conf(5), systemd.network(5)

NOTES
        1. RFC 4035, Section 4.4
           https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4035#section-4.4

        2. RFC 1035, Section 5
           https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035#section-5

        3. RFC 4034, Section 5
           https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4034#section-5

        4. RFC 4034, Section 2
           https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4034#section-2

        5. RFC 5011
           https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5011

        6. IANA Trust Anchor and Keys
           https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/root-anchors.xml

        7. RFC 7646
           https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7646

systemd 249                                                             DNSSEC-TRUST-ANCHORS.D(5)

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