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Under GNU General Public License
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Bignum(3pm) User Contributed Perl Documentation Bignum(3pm)
NAME
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum - OpenSSL's multiprecision integer arithmetic
SYNOPSIS
use Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum;
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_decimal( "1000" );
# or
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_word( 1000 );
# or
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_hex("3e8"); # no leading 0x
# or
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_bin(pack( "C*", 3, 232 ))
use Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX;
sub print_factorial
{
my( $n ) = @_;
my $fac = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->one();
my $ctx = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX->new();
foreach my $i (1 .. $n)
{
$fac->mul( Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_word( $i ), $ctx, $fac );
}
print "$n factorial is ", $fac->to_decimal(), "\n";
}
DESCRIPTION
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum provides access to OpenSSL multiprecision integer arithmetic
libraries. Presently, many though not all of the arithmetic operations that OpenSSL
provides are exposed to perl. In addition, this module can be used to provide access to
bignum values produced by other OpenSSL modules, such as key parameters from
Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA.
NOTE: Many of the methods in this package can croak, so use eval, or Error.pm's try/catch
mechanism to capture errors.
Constructors
new_from_decimal
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_decimal($decimal_string);
Create a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object whose value is specified by the given
decimal representation.
new_from_hex
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_hex($hex_string); #no leading '0x'
Create a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object whose value is specified by the given
hexadecimal representation.
new_from_word
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_word($unsigned_integer);
Create a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object whose value will be the word given. Note
that numbers represented by objects created using this method are necessarily between
0 and 2^32 - 1.
new_from_bin
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_bin($bin_buffer);
Create a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object whose value is specified by the given
packed binary string (created by "to_bin"). Note that objects created using this
method are necessarily nonnegative.
new
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new;
Returns a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object representing 0
zero
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->zero;
Returns a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object representing 0 (same as new)
one
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->one;
Returns a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object representing 1
rand
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->rand($bits, $top, $bottom)
# $bits, $top, $bottom are integers
generates a cryptographically strong pseudo-random number of bits bits in length and
stores it in rnd. If top is -1, the most significant bit of the random number can be
zero. If top is 0, it is set to 1, and if top is 1, the two most significant bits of
the number will be set to 1, so that the product of two such random numbers will
always have 2*bits length. If bottom is true, the number will be odd.
pseudo_rand
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->pseudo_rand($bits, $top, $bottom)
# $bits, $top, $bottom are integers
does the same, but pseudo-random numbers generated by this function are not
necessarily unpredictable. They can be used for non-cryptographic purposes and for
certain purposes in cryptographic protocols, but usually not for key generation etc.
rand_range
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->rand_range($bn_range)
generates a cryptographically strong pseudo-random number rnd in the range 0 <lt>= rnd
< range. BN_pseudo_rand_range() does the same, but is based on BN_pseudo_rand(), and
hence numbers generated by it are not necessarily unpredictable.
bless_pointer
my $bn = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->bless_pointer($BIGNUM_ptr)
Given a pointer to a OpenSSL BIGNUM object in memory, construct and return
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object around this. Note that the underlying BIGNUM object
will be destroyed (via BN_clear_free(3ssl)) when the returned Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum
object is no longer referenced, so the pointer passed to this method should only be
referenced via the returned perl object after calling bless_pointer.
This method is intended only for use by XSUB writers writing code that interfaces with
OpenSSL library methods, and who wish to be able to return a BIGNUM structure to perl
as a Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object.
Instance Methods
to_decimal
my $decimal_string = $self->to_decimal;
Return a decimal string representation of this object.
to_hex
my $hex_string = $self->to_hex;
Return a hexadecimal string representation of this object.
to_bin
my $bin_buffer = $self->to_bin;
Return a packed binary string representation of this object. Note that sign is
ignored, so that to bin called on a Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object representing a
negative number returns the same value as it would called on an object representing
that number's absolute value.
get_word
my $unsigned_int = $self->get_word;
Return a scalar integer representation of this object, if it can be represented as an
unsigned long.
is_zero
my $bool = $self->is_zero;
Returns true of this object represents 0.
is_one
my $bool = $self->is_one;
Returns true of this object represents 1.
is_odd
my $bool = $self->is_odd;
Returns true of this object represents an odd number.
add
my $new_bn_object = $self->add($bn_b); # $new_bn_object = $self + $bn_b
# or
$self->add($bn_b, $result_bn); # $result_bn = $self + $bn_b
This method returns the sum of this object and the first argument. If only one
argument is passed, a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object is created for the return
value; otherwise, the value of second argument is set to the result and returned.
sub
my $new_bn_object = $self->sub($bn_b); # $new_bn_object = $self - $bn_b
# or
$self->sub($bn_b, $result_bn); # $result_bn = $self - $bn_b
This method returns the difference of this object and the first argument. If only one
argument is passed, a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object is created for the return
value; otherwise, the value of second argument is set to the result and returned.
mul
my $new_bn_object = $self->mul($bn_b, $ctx); # $new_bn_object = $self * $bn_b
# or
$self->mul($bn_b, $ctx, $result_bn); # $result_bn = $self * $bn_b
This method returns the product of this object and the first argument, using the
second argument, a Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX object, as a scratchpad. If only two
arguments are passed, a new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object is created for the return
value; otherwise, the value of third argument is set to the result and returned.
div
my ($quotient, $remainder) = $self->div($bn_b, $ctx);
# or
$self->div($bn_b, $ctx, $quotient, $remainder);
This method returns a list consisting of quotient and the remainder obtained by
dividing this object by the first argument, using the second argument, a
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX object, as a scratchpad. If only two arguments are
passed, new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum objects are created for both return values. If a
third argument is passed, otherwise, the value of third argument is set to the
quotient. If a fourth argument is passed, the value of the fourth argument is set to
the remainder.
mod
my $remainder = $self->mod($bn_b, $ctx);
# or
$self->mod($bn_b, $ctx, $remainder);
This method returns the remainder obtained by dividing this object by the first
argument, a Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX object, as a scratchpad.
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object is created for the return value. If a third argument is
passed, the value of third argument is set to the remainder.
sqr
my $new_bn_object = $self->sqr($ctx);
# new object is created $self is not modified
This method returns the square ("$self ** 2") of Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object.
exp
my $new_bn_object = $self->exp($bn_exp, $ctx);
# new object is created $self is not modified
This method returns the product of this object exponentiated by the first argument
(Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object), using the second argument, a
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX object, as a scratchpad.
mod_exp
my $new_bn_object = $self->exp_mod($bn_exp, $bn_mod, $ctx);
# new object is created $self is not modified
This method returns the product of this object exponentiated by the first argument
(Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object), modulo the second argument (also
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object), using the third argument, a
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX object, as a scratchpad.
mod_mul
my $new_bn_object = $self->mod_mul($bn_b, $bn_mod, $ctx);
# new object is created $self is not modified
This method returns "($self * $bn_b) % $bn_mod", using the third argument, a
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX object, as a scratchpad.
mod_inverse
my $new_bn_object = $self->mod_inverse($bn_n, $ctx);
# new object is created $self is not modified
Computes the inverse of $self modulo $bn_n and returns the result in a new
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object, using the second argument, a
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX object, as a scratchpad.
gcd
my $new_bn_object = $self->gcd($bn_b, $ctx);
# new object is created $self is not modified
Computes the greatest common divisor of $self and $bn_b and returns the result in a
new Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object, using the second argument, a
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum::CTX object, as a scratchpad.
cmp
my $result = $self->cmp($bn_b);
#returns:
# -1 if self < bn_b
# 0 if self == bn_b
# 1 if self > bn_b
Comparison of values $self and $bn_b (Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum objects).
ucmp
my $result = $self->ucmp($bn_b);
#returns:
# -1 if |self| < |bn_b|
# 0 if |self| == |bn_b|
# 1 if |self| > |bn_b|
Comparison using the absolute values of $self and $bn_b (Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum
objects).
equals
my $result = $self->equals($bn_b);
#returns:
# 1 if self == bn_b
# 0 otherwise
num_bits
my $bits = $self->num_bits;
Returns the number of significant bits in a word. If we take 0x00000432 as an example,
it returns 11, not 16, not 32. Basically, except for a zero, it returns
"floor(log2(w)) + 1".
num_bytes
my $bytes = $self->num_bytes;
Returns the size of binary represenatation in bytes.
rshift
my $new_bn_object = $self->rshift($n);
# new object is created $self is not modified
Shifts a right by $n (integer) bits and places the result into a newly created
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object.
lshift
my $new_bn_object = $self->lshift($n);
# new object is created $self is not modified
Shifts a left by $n (integer) bits and places the result into a newly created
Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum object.
swap
my $bn_a = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_decimal("1234567890001");
my $bn_b = Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum->new_from_decimal("1234567890002");
$bn_a->swap($bn_b);
# or
$bn_b->swap($bn_a);
Exchanges the values of two Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum objects.
copy
my $new_bn_object = $self->copy;
Returns a copy of this object.
pointer_copy
my $cloned_BIGNUM_ptr = $self->pointer_copy($BIGNUM_ptr);
This method is intended only for use by XSUB writers wanting to have access to the
underlying BIGNUM structure referenced by a Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum perl object so that
they can pass them to other routines in the OpenSSL library. It returns a perl scalar
whose IV can be cast to a BIGNUM* value. This can then be passed to an XSUB which can
work with the BIGNUM directly. Note that the BIGNUM object pointed to will be a copy
of the BIGNUM object wrapped by the instance; it is thus the responsibility of the
client to free space allocated by this BIGNUM object if and when it is done with it.
See also bless_pointer.
AUTHOR
Ian Robertson, iroberts AT cpan.org
SEE ALSO
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/bn.html>
perl v5.34.0 2022-02-06 Bignum(3pm)
Generated by $Id: phpMan.php,v 4.55 2007/09/05 04:42:51 chedong Exp $ Author: Che Dong
On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
2025-11-21 18:06 @216.73.216.164 CrawledBy Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)