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Pod::Checker(3pm) Perl Programmers Reference Guide Pod::Checker(3pm)
NAME
Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
SYNOPSIS
use Pod::Checker;
$syntax_okay = podchecker($filepath, $outputpath, %options);
my $checker = new Pod::Checker %options;
$checker->parse_from_file($filepath, \*STDERR);
OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
$filepath is the input POD to read and $outputpath is where to write POD syntax
error messages. Either argument may be a scalar indicating a file-path, or else a
reference to an open filehandle. If unspecified, the input-file it defaults to
"\*STDIN", and the output-file defaults to "\*STDERR".
podchecker()
This function can take a hash of options:
-warnings => val
Turn warnings on/off. val is usually 1 for on, but higher values trigger addi-
tional warnings. See "Warnings".
DESCRIPTION
podchecker will perform syntax checking of Perl5 POD format documentation.
Curious/ambitious users are welcome to propose additional features they wish to see
in Pod::Checker and podchecker and verify that the checks are consistent with perl-
pod.
The following checks are currently preformed:
· Unknown ’=xxxx’ commands, unknown ’X<...>’ interior-sequences, and unterminated
interior sequences.
· Check for proper balancing of "=begin" and "=end". The contents of such a block
are generally ignored, i.e. no syntax checks are performed.
· Check for proper nesting and balancing of "=over", "=item" and "=back".
· Check for same nested interior-sequences (e.g. "L<...L<...>...>").
· Check for malformed or nonexisting entities "E<...>".
· Check for correct syntax of hyperlinks "L<...>". See perlpod for details.
· Check for unresolved document-internal links. This check may also reveal mis-
spelled links that seem to be internal links but should be links to something
else.
DIAGNOSTICS
Errors
* empty =headn
A heading ("=head1" or "=head2") without any text? That ain’t no heading!
* =over on line N without closing =back
The "=over" command does not have a corresponding "=back" before the next head-
ing ("=head1" or "=head2") or the end of the file.
* =item without previous =over
* =back without previous =over
An "=item" or "=back" command has been found outside a "=over"/"=back" block.
* No argument for =begin
A "=begin" command was found that is not followed by the formatter specifica-
tion.
* =end without =begin
A standalone "=end" command was found.
* Nested =begin’s
There were at least two consecutive "=begin" commands without the corresponding
"=end". Only one "=begin" may be active at a time.
* =for without formatter specification
There is no specification of the formatter after the "=for" command.
* unresolved internal link NAME
The given link to NAME does not have a matching node in the current POD. This
also happend when a single word node name is not enclosed in "".
* Unknown command "CMD"
An invalid POD command has been found. Valid are "=head1", "=head2", "=head3",
"=head4", "=over", "=item", "=back", "=begin", "=end", "=for", "=pod", "=cut"
* Unknown interior-sequence "SEQ"
An invalid markup command has been encountered. Valid are: "B<>", "C<>", "E<>",
"F<>", "I<>", "L<>", "S<>", "X<>", "Z<>"
* nested commands CMD<...CMD<...>...>
Two nested identical markup commands have been found. Generally this does not
make sense.
* garbled entity STRING
The STRING found cannot be interpreted as a character entity.
* Entity number out of range
An entity specified by number (dec, hex, oct) is out of range (1-255).
* malformed link L<>
The link found cannot be parsed because it does not conform to the syntax
described in perlpod.
* nonempty Z<>
The "Z<>" sequence is supposed to be empty.
* empty X<>
The index entry specified contains nothing but whitespace.
* Spurious text after =pod / =cut
The commands "=pod" and "=cut" do not take any arguments.
* Spurious character(s) after =back
The "=back" command does not take any arguments.
Warnings
These may not necessarily cause trouble, but indicate mediocre style.
* multiple occurrence of link target name
The POD file has some "=item" and/or "=head" commands that have the same text.
Potential hyperlinks to such a text cannot be unique then.
* line containing nothing but whitespace in paragraph
There is some whitespace on a seemingly empty line. POD is very sensitive to
such things, so this is flagged. vi users switch on the list option to avoid
this problem.
* previous =item has no contents
There is a list "=item" right above the flagged line that has no text contents.
You probably want to delete empty items.
* preceding non-item paragraph(s)
A list introduced by "=over" starts with a text or verbatim paragraph, but con-
tinues with "=item"s. Move the non-item paragraph out of the "=over"/"=back"
block.
* =item type mismatch (one vs. two)
A list started with e.g. a bulletted "=item" and continued with a numbered one.
This is obviously inconsistent. For most translators the type of the first
"=item" determines the type of the list.
* N unescaped "<>" in paragraph
Angle brackets not written as "<lt>" and "<gt>" can potentially cause errors as
they could be misinterpreted as markup commands. This is only printed when the
-warnings level is greater than 1.
* Unknown entity
A character entity was found that does not belong to the standard ISO set or
the POD specials "verbar" and "sol".
* No items in =over
The list opened with "=over" does not contain any items.
* No argument for =item
"=item" without any parameters is deprecated. It should either be followed by
"*" to indicate an unordered list, by a number (optionally followed by a dot)
to indicate an ordered (numbered) list or simple text for a definition list.
* empty section in previous paragraph
The previous section (introduced by a "=head" command) does not contain any
text. This usually indicates that something is missing. Note: A "=head1" fol-
lowed immediately by "=head2" does not trigger this warning.
* Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
The NAME section ("=head1 NAME") should consist of a single paragraph with the
script/module name, followed by a dash ‘-’ and a very short description of what
the thing is good for.
* =headn without preceding higher level
For example if there is a "=head2" in the POD file prior to a "=head1".
Hyperlinks
There are some warnings wrt. malformed hyperlinks.
* ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link
There is whitespace at the beginning or the end of the contents of L<...>.
* (section) in ’$page’ deprecated
There is a section detected in the page name of L<...>, e.g. "L<passwd(2)>".
POD hyperlinks may point to POD documents only. Please write "C<passwd(2)>"
instead. Some formatters are able to expand this to appropriate code. For links
to (builtin) functions, please say "L<perlfunc/mkdir>", without ().
* alternative text/node ’%s’ contains non-escaped │ or /
The characters "│" and "/" are special in the L<...> context. Although the
hyperlink parser does its best to determine which "/" is text and which is a
delimiter in case of doubt, one ought to escape these literal characters like
this:
/ E<sol>
│ E<verbar>
RETURN VALUE
podchecker returns the number of POD syntax errors found or -1 if there were no POD
commands at all found in the file.
EXAMPLES
See "SYNOPSIS"
INTERFACE
While checking, this module collects document properties, e.g. the nodes for hyper-
links ("=headX", "=item") and index entries ("X<>"). POD translators can use this
feature to syntax-check and get the nodes in a first pass before actually starting
to convert. This is expensive in terms of execution time, but allows for very
robust conversions.
Since PodParser-1.24 the Pod::Checker module uses only the poderror method to print
errors and warnings. The summary output (e.g. "Pod syntax OK") has been dropped
from the module and has been included in podchecker (the script). This allows users
of Pod::Checker to control completely the output behaviour. Users of podchecker
(the script) get the well-known behaviour.
"Pod::Checker->new( %options )"
Return a reference to a new Pod::Checker object that inherits from Pod::Parser
and is used for calling the required methods later. The following options are
recognized:
"-warnings => num"
Print warnings if "num" is true. The higher the value of "num", the more
warnings are printed. Currently there are only levels 1 and 2.
"-quiet => num"
If "num" is true, do not print any errors/warnings. This is useful when
Pod::Checker is used to munge POD code into plain text from within POD format-
ters.
"$checker->poderror( @args )"
"$checker->poderror( {%opts}, @args )"
Internal method for printing errors and warnings. If no options are given, sim-
ply prints "@_". The following options are recognized and used to form the out-
put:
-msg
A message to print prior to @args.
-line
The line number the error occurred in.
-file
The file (name) the error occurred in.
-severity
The error level, should be ’WARNING’ or ’ERROR’.
"$checker->num_errors()"
Set (if argument specified) and retrieve the number of errors found.
"$checker->num_warnings()"
Set (if argument specified) and retrieve the number of warnings found.
"$checker->name()"
Set (if argument specified) and retrieve the canonical name of POD as found in
the "=head1 NAME" section.
"$checker->node()"
Add (if argument specified) and retrieve the nodes (as defined by "=headX" and
"=item") of the current POD. The nodes are returned in the order of their
occurrence. They consist of plain text, each piece of whitespace is collapsed
to a single blank.
"$checker->idx()"
Add (if argument specified) and retrieve the index entries (as defined by
"X<>") of the current POD. They consist of plain text, each piece of whitespace
is collapsed to a single blank.
"$checker->hyperlink()"
Add (if argument specified) and retrieve the hyperlinks (as defined by "L<>")
of the current POD. They consist of a 2-item array: line number and
"Pod::Hyperlink" object.
AUTHOR
Please report bugs using <http://rt.cpan.org>.
Brad Appleton <bradapp AT enteract.com> (initial version), Marek Rouchal
<marekr AT cpan.org>
Based on code for Pod::Text::pod2text() written by Tom Christiansen
<tchrist AT mox.com>
perl v5.8.6 2001-09-21 Pod::Checker(3pm)
Generated by $Id: phpMan.php,v 4.55 2007/09/05 04:42:51 chedong Exp $ Author: Che Dong
On Apache/1.3.41 (Unix) PHP/5.2.5 mod_perl/1.30 mod_gzip/1.3.26.1a
Under GNU General Public License
2008-12-02 02:33 @38.103.63.58 CrawledBy CCBot/1.0 (+http://www.commoncrawl.org/bot.html)