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IO::Handle(3pm) Perl Programmers Reference Guide IO::Handle(3pm)
NAME
IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
SYNOPSIS
use IO::Handle;
$io = new IO::Handle;
if ($io->fdopen(fileno(STDIN),"r")) {
print $io->getline;
$io->close;
}
$io = new IO::Handle;
if ($io->fdopen(fileno(STDOUT),"w")) {
$io->print("Some text\n");
}
# setvbuf is not available by default on Perls 5.8.0 and later.
use IO::Handle ’_IOLBF’;
$io->setvbuf($buffer_var, _IOLBF, 1024);
undef $io; # automatically closes the file if it’s open
autoflush STDOUT 1;
DESCRIPTION
"IO::Handle" is the base class for all other IO handle classes. It is not intended
that objects of "IO::Handle" would be created directly, but instead "IO::Handle" is
inherited from by several other classes in the IO hierarchy.
If you are reading this documentation, looking for a replacement for the "FileHan-
dle" package, then I suggest you read the documentation for "IO::File" too.
CONSTRUCTOR
new ()
Creates a new "IO::Handle" object.
new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
Creates an "IO::Handle" like "new" does. It requires two parameters, which are
passed to the method "fdopen"; if the fdopen fails, the object is destroyed.
Otherwise, it is returned to the caller.
METHODS
See perlfunc for complete descriptions of each of the following supported "IO::Han-
dle" methods, which are just front ends for the corresponding built-in functions:
$io->close
$io->eof
$io->fileno
$io->format_write( [FORMAT_NAME] )
$io->getc
$io->read ( BUF, LEN, [OFFSET] )
$io->print ( ARGS )
$io->printf ( FMT, [ARGS] )
$io->stat
$io->sysread ( BUF, LEN, [OFFSET] )
$io->syswrite ( BUF, [LEN, [OFFSET]] )
$io->truncate ( LEN )
See perlvar for complete descriptions of each of the following supported "IO::Han-
dle" methods. All of them return the previous value of the attribute and takes an
optional single argument that when given will set the value. If no argument is
given the previous value is unchanged (except for $io->autoflush will actually turn
ON autoflush by default).
$io->autoflush ( [BOOL] ) $│
$io->format_page_number( [NUM] ) $%
$io->format_lines_per_page( [NUM] ) $=
$io->format_lines_left( [NUM] ) $-
$io->format_name( [STR] ) $~
$io->format_top_name( [STR] ) $^
$io->input_line_number( [NUM]) $.
The following methods are not supported on a per-filehandle basis.
IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters( [STR] ) $:
IO::Handle->format_formfeed( [STR]) $^L
IO::Handle->output_field_separator( [STR] ) $,
IO::Handle->output_record_separator( [STR] ) $\
IO::Handle->input_record_separator( [STR] ) $/
Furthermore, for doing normal I/O you might need these:
$io->fdopen ( FD, MODE )
"fdopen" is like an ordinary "open" except that its first parameter is not a
filename but rather a file handle name, an IO::Handle object, or a file
descriptor number.
$io->opened
Returns true if the object is currently a valid file descriptor, false other-
wise.
$io->getline
This works like <$io> described in "I/O Operators" in perlop except that it’s
more readable and can be safely called in a list context but still returns just
one line.
$io->getlines
This works like <$io> when called in a list context to read all the remaining
lines in a file, except that it’s more readable. It will also croak() if acci-
dentally called in a scalar context.
$io->ungetc ( ORD )
Pushes a character with the given ordinal value back onto the given handle’s
input stream. Only one character of pushback per handle is guaranteed.
$io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] )
This "write" is like "write" found in C, that is it is the opposite of read.
The wrapper for the perl "write" function is called "format_write".
$io->error
Returns a true value if the given handle has experienced any errors since it
was opened or since the last call to "clearerr", or if the handle is invalid.
It only returns false for a valid handle with no outstanding errors.
$io->clearerr
Clear the given handle’s error indicator. Returns -1 if the handle is invalid,
0 otherwise.
$io->sync
"sync" synchronizes a file’s in-memory state with that on the physical
medium. "sync" does not operate at the perlio api level, but operates on the
file descriptor (similar to sysread, sysseek and systell). This means that any
data held at the perlio api level will not be synchronized. To synchronize data
that is buffered at the perlio api level you must use the flush method. "sync"
is not implemented on all platforms. Returns "0 but true" on success, "undef"
on error, "undef" for an invalid handle. See fsync(3c).
$io->flush
"flush" causes perl to flush any buffered data at the perlio api level. Any
unread data in the buffer will be discarded, and any unwritten data will be
written to the underlying file descriptor. Returns "0 but true" on success,
"undef" on error.
$io->printflush ( ARGS )
Turns on autoflush, print ARGS and then restores the autoflush status of the
"IO::Handle" object. Returns the return value from print.
$io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] )
If called with an argument "blocking" will turn on non-blocking IO if "BOOL" is
false, and turn it off if "BOOL" is true.
"blocking" will return the value of the previous setting, or the current set-
ting if "BOOL" is not given.
If an error occurs "blocking" will return undef and $! will be set.
If the C functions setbuf() and/or setvbuf() are available, then "IO::Handle::set-
buf" and "IO::Handle::setvbuf" set the buffering policy for an IO::Handle. The
calling sequences for the Perl functions are the same as their C counter-
parts--including the constants "_IOFBF", "_IOLBF", and "_IONBF" for
setvbuf()--except that the buffer parameter specifies a scalar variable to use as a
buffer. You should only change the buffer before any I/O, or immediately after
calling flush.
WARNING: The IO::Handle::setvbuf() is not available by default on Perls 5.8.0 and
later because setvbuf() is rather specific to using the stdio library, while Perl
prefers the new perlio subsystem instead.
WARNING: A variable used as a buffer by "setbuf" or "setvbuf" must not be modified
in any way until the IO::Handle is closed or "setbuf" or "setvbuf" is called again,
or memory corruption may result! Remember that the order of global destruction is
undefined, so even if your buffer variable remains in scope until program termina-
tion, it may be undefined before the file IO::Handle is closed. Note that you need
to import the constants "_IOFBF", "_IOLBF", and "_IONBF" explicitly. Like C, setbuf
returns nothing. setvbuf returns "0 but true", on success, "undef" on failure.
Lastly, there is a special method for working under -T and setuid/gid scripts:
$io->untaint
Marks the object as taint-clean, and as such data read from it will also be
considered taint-clean. Note that this is a very trusting action to take, and
appropriate consideration for the data source and potential vulnerability
should be kept in mind. Returns 0 on success, -1 if setting the taint-clean
flag failed. (eg invalid handle)
NOTE
An "IO::Handle" object is a reference to a symbol/GLOB reference (see the "Symbol"
package). Some modules that inherit from "IO::Handle" may want to keep object
related variables in the hash table part of the GLOB. In an attempt to prevent mod-
ules trampling on each other I propose the that any such module should prefix its
variables with its own name separated by _’s. For example the IO::Socket module
keeps a "timeout" variable in ’io_socket_timeout’.
SEE ALSO
perlfunc, "I/O Operators" in perlop, IO::File
BUGS
Due to backwards compatibility, all filehandles resemble objects of class "IO::Han-
dle", or actually classes derived from that class. They actually aren’t. Which
means you can’t derive your own class from "IO::Handle" and inherit those methods.
HISTORY
Derived from FileHandle.pm by Graham Barr <gbarr AT pobox.com>
perl v5.8.6 2001-09-21 IO::Handle(3pm)
Generated by $Id: phpMan.php,v 4.55 2007/09/05 04:42:51 chedong Exp $ Author: Che Dong
On Apache/1.3.41 (Unix) PHP/5.2.5 mod_perl/1.30 mod_gzip/1.3.26.1a
Under GNU General Public License
2008-11-21 06:10 @38.103.63.58 CrawledBy CCBot/1.0 (+http://www.commoncrawl.org/bot.html)