perldoc > atan2

    atan2 Y,X
            Returns the arctangent of Y/X in the range -PI to PI.

            For the tangent operation, you may use the "Math::Trig::tan"
            function, or use the familiar relation:

                sub tan { sin($_[0]) / cos($_[0])  }

            The return value for "atan2(0,0)" is implementation-defined;
            consult your atan2(3) manpage for more information.

            Portability issues: "atan2" in perlport.