phpman > perldoc > Net::IDN::Encode

NAME
    Net::IDN::Encode - Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)

SYNOPSIS
      use Net::IDN::Encode ':all';
      my $a = domain_to_ascii("müller.example.org");
      my $e = email_to_ascii("POSTMASTER@例。テスト");
      my $u = domain_to_unicode('EXAMPLE.XN--11B5BS3A9AJ6G');

DESCRIPTION
    This module provides an easy-to-use interface for encoding and decoding Internationalized Domain
    Names (IDNs).

    IDNs use characters drawn from a large repertoire (Unicode), but IDNA allows the non-ASCII
    characters to be represented using only the ASCII characters already allowed in so-called host
    names today (letter-digit-hyphen, "/[A-Z0-9-]/i").

    Use this module if you just want to convert domain names (or email addresses), using whatever
    IDNA standard is the best choice at the moment.

    You should be familiar with Unicode support in perl, as this module expects correctly encoded
    input. See perlunitut, perluniintro and perlunicode for details.

UNICODE VERSION
    To convert labels correctly between Unicode and ASCII, each character in the label must be
    present in the Unicode version supported by your perl. Consequently, this module will refuse to
    convert labels with new Unicode characters on older perl versions (see below).

FUNCTIONS
    By default, this module does not export any subroutines. You may use the ":all" tag to import
    everything. You can also use regular expressions such as "/^to_/" or "/^email_/" to select some
    of the functions, see Exporter for details.

    The following functions are available:

    to_ascii( $label, %param )
        Converts a single label $label to ASCII. Will throw an exception on invalid input. If $label
        is already a valid ASCII domain label (including most NON-LDH labels such as those used for
        SRV records and fake A-labels), this function will never fail but return $label as-is if
        conversion would fail.

        This function takes the following optional parameters (%param):

        AllowUnassigned
            (boolean) If set to a true value, code points that are unassigned in the Unicode version
            supported by your perl are allowed. This is an extension over UTS #46.

            While this increases the number of labels that can be converted successfully (especially
            on older perls) and may thus maximizes the compatibility with domain names created under
            future versions of Unicode, it also introduces the risk of incorrect conversions.
            Characters added in later versions of Unicode might have properties that affect the
            conversion; if these properties are not known on your version of perl, you might
            therefore end up with an incorrect conversion.

            The default is false.

        UseSTD3ASCIIRules
            (boolean) If set to a true value, checks the label for compliance with STD 3 (RFC 1123)
            syntax for host name parts. The exact checks done depend on the IDNA standard used.
            Usually, you will want to set this to true.

            Please note that UseSTD3ASCIIRules only affects the conversion between ASCII labels
            (A-labels) and Unicode labels (U-labels). Labels that are in ASCII may still be
            passed-through as-is.

            For historical reasons, the default is false (unlike "domain_to_ascii").

        TransitionalProcessing
            (boolean) If set to true, the conversion will be compatible with IDNA2003. This only
            affects four characters: 'ß' (U+00DF), 'ς' (U+03C2), ZWJ (U+200D) and ZWNJ (U+200C).
            Usually, you will want to set this to false.

            The default is false.

        This function does not handle strings that consist of multiple labels (such as domain
        names). Use "domain_to_ascii" instead.

    to_unicode( $label, %param )
        Converts a single label $label to Unicode. Will throw an exception on invalid input. If
        $label is an ASCII label (including most NON-LDH labels such as those used for SRV records),
        this function will not fail but return $label as-is if conversion would fail.

        This function takes the same optional parameters as "to_ascii", with the same defaults.

        If $label is already in ASCII, this function will never fail but return $label as is as a
        last resort (i.e. pass-through).

        This function takes the following optional parameters (%param):

        AllowUnassigned
        UseSTD3ASCIIRules
            See "to_unicode" above. Please note that there is no need for "TransitionalProcessing"
            for "to_unicode".

        This function does not handle strings that consist of multiple labels (such as domain
        names). Use "domain_to_unicode" instead.

    domain_to_ascii( $label, %param )
        Converts all labels of the hostname $domain (with labels separated by dots) to ASCII (using
        "to_ascii"). Will throw an exception on invalid input.

        This function takes the following optional parameters (%param):

        AllowUnassigned
        TransitionalProcessing
            See "to_unicode" above.

        UseSTD3ASCIIRules
            (boolean) If set to a true value, checks the label for compliance with STD 3 (RFC 1123)
            syntax for host name parts.

            The default is true (unlike "to_ascii").

        This function will convert all dots to ASCII, i.e. to U+002E (full stop). The following
        characters are recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002 (ideographic full stop),
        U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61 (halfwidth ideographic full stop).

    domain_to_unicode( $domain, %param )
        Converts all labels of the hostname $domain (with labels separated by dots) to Unicode. Will
        throw an exception on invalid input.

        This function takes the same optional parameters as "domain_to_ascii", with the same
        defaults.

        This function takes the following optional parameters (%param):

        AllowUnassigned
        UseSTD3ASCIIRules
            See "domain_to_unicode" above. Please note that there is no "TransitionalProcessing" for
            "domain_to_unicode".

        This function will preserve the original version of dots. The following characters are
        recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002 (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth
        full stop), U+FF61 (halfwidth ideographic full stop).

    email_to_ascii( $email, %param )
        Converts the domain part (right hand side, separated by an at sign) of an RFC 2821/2822
        email address to ASCII, using "domain_to_ascii". May throw an exception on invalid input.

        It takes the same parameters as "domain_to_ascii".

        This function currently does not handle internationalization of the local-part (left hand
        side). Future versions of this module might implement an ASCII conversion for the
        local-part, should one be standardized.

        This function will convert the at sign to ASCII, i.e. to U+0040 (commercial at), as well as
        label separators. The following characters are recognized as at signs: U+0040 (commercial
        at), U+FE6B (small commercial at) and U+FF20 (fullwidth commercial at).

    email_to_unicode( $email, %param )
        Converts the domain part (right hand side, separated by an at sign) of an RFC 2821/2822
        email address to Unicode, using "domain_to_unicode". May throw an exception on invalid
        input.

        It takes the same parameters as "domain_to_unicode".

        This function currently does not handle internationalization of the local-part (left hand
        side). Future versions of this module might implement a conversion from ASCII for the
        local-part, should one be standardized.

        This function will preserve the original version of at signs (and label separators). The
        following characters are recognized as at signs: U+0040 (commercial at), U+FE6B (small
        commercial at) and U+FF20 (fullwidth commercial at).

AUTHOR
    Claus Färber <CFAERBER AT cpan.org>

LICENSE
    Copyright 2007-2014 Claus Färber.

    This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as
    Perl itself.

SEE ALSO
    Net::IDN::Punycode, Net::IDN::UTS46, Net::IDN::IDNA2003, Net::IDN::IDNA2008, UTS #46
    (<http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr46/>), RFC 5890 (<http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5890>).