perldoc > Image::Xpm

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📛 NAME

Image::Xpm - Load, create, manipulate and save xpm image files.

🚀 Quick Reference

Use Case	Command	Description
Load from file	Image::Xpm->new(-file => 'file.xpm')	Create image from existing xpm file
Create blank image	Image::Xpm->new(-width => 10, -height => 16)	New image with white pixels
Get pixel color	$i->xy($x, $y)	Return color name (e.g. '#123456')
Set pixel color	$i->xy($x, $y, $color)	Set pixel, auto-adding to palette
Add to palette	$i->add_colours('red', '#123456')	Add colors without using them yet
Save image	$i->save('out.xpm')	Write xpm format to file
Copy image	my $copy = $i->new;	Duplicate current image object
RGB to hex	Image::Xpm->rgb2colour(0xff,0x40,0x80)	Convert three integers to '#ff4080'
Vector offset	$i->vec($offset)	Access pixel by linear offset

📖 SYNOPSIS

use Image::Xpm;

my $j = Image::Xpm->new(-file, 'Camel.xpm');

my $i = Image::Xpm->new(-width => 10, -height => 16);

my $h = $i->new; # Copy of $i

$i->xy(5, 8, 'red');       # Set a colour (& add to palette if necessary)
print $i->xy(9, 3);        # Get a colour

$i->xy(120, 130, '#1256DD');
$i->xy(120, 130, $i->rgb2colour(66, 0x4D, 31));

$i->vec(24, '#808080');    # Set a colour using a vector offset
print $i->vec(24);         # Get a colour using a vector offset

print $i->get(-width);     # Get and set object attributes
$i->set(-height, 15);

$i->load('test.xpm');
$i->save;

# Changing just the palette
$i->add_colours(qw(red green blue #123456 #C0C0C0));
$i->del_colour('blue');

📘 DESCRIPTION

This class module provides basic load, manipulate and save functionality for the xpm file format. It inherits from Image::Base which provides additional manipulation functionality, e.g. new_from_image(). See the Image::Base pod for information on adding your own functionality to all the Image::Base derived classes.

🆕 new()

my $i = Image::Xpm->new(-file => 'test.xpm');
my $j = Image::Xpm->new(-width => 12, -height => 18);
my $k = $i->new;

We can create a new xpm image by reading in a file, or by creating an image from scratch (all the pixels are white by default), or by copying an image object that we created earlier.

If we set -file then all the other arguments are ignored (since they're taken from the file). If we don't specify a file, -width and -height are mandatory and -cpp will default to 1 unless specified otherwise.

• -file 📄 The name of the file to read when creating the image. May contain a full path. This is also the default name used for loading and saveing, though it can be overridden when you load or save.
• -width 📏 The width of the image; taken from the file or set when the object is created; read-only.
• -height 📐 The height of the image; taken from the file or set when the object is created; read-only.
• -cpp 🔢 Characters per pixel. Commonly 1 or 2, default is 1 for images created by the module; read-only. See the example for how to change an image's cpp.
• -hotx 🔥 The x-coord of the image's hotspot; taken from the file or set when the object is created. Set to -1 if there is no hotspot.
• -hoty 🔥 The y-coord of the image's hotspot; taken from the file or set when the object is created. Set to -1 if there is no hotspot.
• -ncolours 🎨 The number of unique colours in the palette. The image may not be using all of them; read-only.
• -cindex 📇 An hash whose keys are colour names, e.g. '#123456' or 'blue' and whose values are the palette names, e.g. ' ', '#', etc; read-only. If you want to add more colours to the image itself simply write pixels with the new colours using xy; if you want to add more colours to the palette without necessarily using them in the image use add_colours.
• -palette 🎨 A hash whose keys are the palette names, e.g. ' ', '#', etc. and whose values are hashes of colour type x colour name pairs, e.g. c => red, etc; read-only. If you want to add more colours to the image itself simply write pixels with the new colours using xy; if you want to add more colours to the palette without necessarily using them in the image use add_colours.
• -pixels 🖼️ A string of palette names which constitutes the data for the image itself; read-only.
• -extname 📎 The name of the extension text if any; commonly XPMEXT; read-only.
• -extlines 📝 The lines of text of any extensions; read-only.
• -comments 💬 An array (possibly empty) of comment lines that were in a file that was read in; they will be written out although we make no guarantee regarding their placement; read-only.

🔍 get()

my $width = $i->get(-width);
my ($hotx, $hoty) = $i->get(-hotx, -hoty);

Get any of the object's attributes. Multiple attributes may be requested in a single call.

See xy and vec to get/set colours of the image itself.

⚙️ set()

$i->set(-hotx => 120, -hoty => 32);

Set any of the object's attributes. Multiple attributes may be set in a single call; some attributes are read-only.

See xy and vec to get/set colours of the image itself.

🎯 xy()

$i->xy(4, 11, '#123454');    # Set the colour at point 4,11
my $v = $i->xy(9, 17);       # Get the colour at point 9,17

Get/set colours using x, y coordinates; coordinates start at 0. If the colour does not exist in the palette it will be added automatically.

When called to set the colour the value returned is characters used for that colour in the palette; when called to get the colour the value returned is the colour name, e.g. 'blue' or '#f0f0f0', etc, e.g.

$colour = xy($x, $y);            # e.g. #123456
$cc     = xy($x, $y, $colour);   # e.g. !

We don't normally pick up the return value when setting the colour.

🧮 vec()

$i->vec(43, 0);      # Unset the bit at offset 43
my $v = $i->vec(87); # Get the bit at offset 87

Get/set bits using vector offsets; offsets start at 0. The offset of a pixel is ((y * width * cpp) + (x * cpp)).

The sort of return value depends on whether we are reading (getting) or writing (setting) the colour - see xy for an explanation.

🎨 rgb2colour() and rgb2color()

$i->rgb2colour(0xff, 0x40, 0x80);    # Returns #ff4080
Image::Xpm->rgb2colour(10, 20, 30);  # Returns #0a141e

Convenience class or object methods which accept three integers and return a colour name string.

📂 load()

$i->load;
$i->load('test.xpm');

Load the image whose name is given, or if none is given load the image whose name is in the -file attribute.

💾 save()

$i->save;
$i->save('test.xpm');

Save the image using the name given, or if none is given save the image using the name in the -file attribute. The image is saved in xpm format.

➕ add_colours() and add_colors()

$i->add_colours(qw(#C0C0DD red blue #123456));

These are for adding colours to the palette; you don't need to use them to set a pixel's colour - use xy for that.

Add one or more colour names either as hex strings or as literal colour names. These are always added as type 'c' colours; duplicates are ignored.

NB If you just want to set some pixels in colours that may not be in the palette, simply do so using xy since new colours are added automatically.

❌ del_colour() and del_color()

$i->del_colour('green');

Delete a colour from the palette; returns undef if the colour isn't in the palette, false (0) if the colour is in the palette but also in the image, or true (1) if the colour has been deleted (i.e. it was in the palette but not in use in the image).

💡 EXAMPLE

🔄 Changing the -cpp of an image

my $i = Image::Xpm(-file => 'test1.xpm'); # test1.xpm has cpp == 1
my $j = $i->new_from_image('Image::xpm', -cpp => 2);
$j->save('test2.xpm');

# Could have written 2nd line above as:
my $j = $i->new_from_image(ref $i, -cpp => 2);

🗒️ CHANGES

• 2000/11/09 📅 Added Jerrad Pierce's patch to allow load() to accept filehandles or strings; will document in next release.
• 2000/10/19 📅 Fixed bugs in xy() and vec() reported by Pat Gunn.
• 2000/05/25 📅 Fixed a bug in the test file; fixed a bug in save() which affected xpm extensions.
• 2000/05/04 📅 Fixed bugs in xy(), vec(), save() and load(). Improved the test program.
• 2000/05/03 📅 Created.

✍️ AUTHOR

Mark Summerfield. I can be contacted as <summer AT perlpress.com> - please include the word 'xpm' in the subject line.

©️ COPYRIGHT

Copyright (c) Mark Summerfield 2000. All Rights Reserved.

This module may be used/distributed/modified under the GPL.

📛 NAME 🚀 Quick Reference 📖 SYNOPSIS 📘 DESCRIPTION 💡 EXAMPLE 🗒️ CHANGES ✍️ AUTHOR ©️ COPYRIGHT