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VIRTUAL(8postfix)                                                               VIRTUAL(8postfix)

NAME
       virtual - Postfix virtual domain mail delivery agent

SYNOPSIS
       virtual [generic Postfix daemon options]

DESCRIPTION
       The  virtual(8)  delivery  agent is designed for virtual mail hosting services. Originally
       based on the Postfix local(8) delivery agent, this agent  looks  up  recipients  with  map
       lookups  of  their  full recipient address, instead of using hard-coded unix password file
       lookups of the address local part only.

       This delivery  agent  only  delivers  mail.   Other  features  such  as  mail  forwarding,
       out-of-office  notifications, etc., must be configured via virtual_alias maps or via simi-
       lar lookup mechanisms.

MAILBOX LOCATION
       The mailbox location is controlled by the  virtual_mailbox_base  and  virtual_mailbox_maps
       configuration  parameters  (see  below).  The virtual_mailbox_maps table is indexed by the
       recipient address as described under TABLE SEARCH ORDER below.

       The mailbox pathname is constructed as follows:

         $virtual_mailbox_base/$virtual_mailbox_maps(recipient)

       where recipient is the full recipient address.

UNIX MAILBOX FORMAT
       When the mailbox location does not end in /, the message is delivered in UNIX mailbox for-
       mat.   This format stores multiple messages in one textfile.

       The  virtual(8) delivery agent prepends a "From sender time_stamp" envelope header to each
       message, prepends a Delivered-To: message header  with  the  envelope  recipient  address,
       prepends an X-Original-To: header with the recipient address as given to Postfix, prepends
       a Return-Path: message header with the envelope sender address, prepends a > character  to
       lines beginning with "From ", and appends an empty line.

       The mailbox is locked for exclusive access while delivery is in progress. In case of prob-
       lems, an attempt is made to truncate the mailbox to its original length.

QMAIL MAILDIR FORMAT
       When the mailbox location ends in /, the message is delivered  in  qmail  maildir  format.
       This format stores one message per file.

       The virtual(8) delivery agent prepends a Delivered-To: message header with the final enve-
       lope recipient address, prepends an X-Original-To: header with the  recipient  address  as
       given  to Postfix, and prepends a Return-Path: message header with the envelope sender ad-
       dress.

       By definition, maildir format does not require application-level file locking during  mail
       delivery or retrieval.

MAILBOX OWNERSHIP
       Mailbox  ownership  is  controlled by the virtual_uid_maps and virtual_gid_maps lookup ta-
       bles, which are indexed with the full recipient address. Each table provides a string with
       the numerical user and group ID, respectively.

       The  virtual_minimum_uid  parameter imposes a lower bound on numerical user ID values that
       may be specified in any virtual_uid_maps.

CASE FOLDING
       All delivery decisions are made using the full recipient address, folded  to  lower  case.
       See also the next section for a few exceptions with optional address extensions.

TABLE SEARCH ORDER
       Normally,  a  lookup  table  is  specified  as  a  text  file  that serves as input to the
       postmap(1) command. The result, an indexed file in dbm or db  format,  is  used  for  fast
       searching by the mail system.

       The search order is as follows. The search stops upon the first successful lookup.

       o      When  the recipient has an optional address extension the user+extension AT domain.tld
              address is looked up first.

              With Postfix versions before 2.1, the optional address extension is always ignored.

       o      The user AT domain.tld address, without address extension, is looked up next.

       o      Finally, the recipient @domain is looked up.

       When the table is provided via other means such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, the same lookups  are
       done as for ordinary indexed files.

       Alternatively,  a  table  can  be  provided as a regular-expression map where patterns are
       given as regular expressions. In that case, only the full recipient address  is  given  to
       the regular-expression map.

SECURITY
       The  virtual(8)  delivery agent is not security sensitive, provided that the lookup tables
       with recipient user/group ID information are adequately protected. This program is not de-
       signed to run chrooted.

       The virtual(8) delivery agent disallows regular expression substitution of $1 etc. in reg-
       ular expression lookup tables, because that would open a security hole.

       The virtual(8) delivery agent will silently ignore requests to use the proxymap(8) server.
       Instead  it will open the table directly. Before Postfix version 2.2, the virtual delivery
       agent will terminate with a fatal error.

STANDARDS
       RFC 822 (ARPA Internet Text Messages)

DIAGNOSTICS
       Mail bounces when the recipient has no mailbox or when the recipient is over  disk  quota.
       In all other cases, mail for an existing recipient is deferred and a warning is logged.

       Problems  and  transactions  are  logged  to syslogd(8) or postlogd(8).  Corrupted message
       files are marked so that the queue manager can move them to the corrupt queue afterwards.

       Depending on the setting of the notify_classes parameter, the postmaster  is  notified  of
       bounces and of other trouble.

BUGS
       This  delivery  agent  supports  address extensions in email addresses and in lookup table
       keys, but does not propagate address extension information to the result of table lookup.

       Postfix should have lookup tables that can return multiple result attributes. In order  to
       avoid the inconvenience of maintaining three tables, use an LDAP or MYSQL database.

CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
       Changes  to  main.cf  are  picked up automatically, as virtual(8) processes run for only a
       limited amount of time. Use the command "postfix reload" to speed up a change.

       The text below provides only a parameter summary. See postconf(5) for more details includ-
       ing examples.

MAILBOX DELIVERY CONTROLS
       virtual_mailbox_base (empty)
              A  prefix  that the virtual(8) delivery agent prepends to all pathname results from
              $virtual_mailbox_maps table lookups.

       virtual_mailbox_maps (empty)
              Optional lookup tables with all valid addresses in the  domains  that  match  $vir-
              tual_mailbox_domains.

       virtual_minimum_uid (100)
              The  minimum  user  ID value that the virtual(8) delivery agent accepts as a result
              from $virtual_uid_maps table lookup.

       virtual_uid_maps (empty)
              Lookup tables with the per-recipient user ID that  the  virtual(8)  delivery  agent
              uses while writing to the recipient's mailbox.

       virtual_gid_maps (empty)
              Lookup tables with the per-recipient group ID for virtual(8) mailbox delivery.

       Available in Postfix version 2.0 and later:

       virtual_mailbox_domains ($virtual_mailbox_maps)
              Postfix  is  final destination for the specified list of domains; mail is delivered
              via the $virtual_transport mail delivery transport.

       virtual_transport (virtual)
              The default mail delivery transport and next-hop destination for final delivery  to
              domains listed with $virtual_mailbox_domains.

       Available in Postfix version 2.5.3 and later:

       strict_mailbox_ownership (yes)
              Defer delivery when a mailbox file is not owned by its recipient.

LOCKING CONTROLS
       virtual_mailbox_lock (see 'postconf -d' output)
              How to lock a UNIX-style virtual(8) mailbox before attempting delivery.

       deliver_lock_attempts (20)
              The  maximal  number  of attempts to acquire an exclusive lock on a mailbox file or
              bounce(8) logfile.

       deliver_lock_delay (1s)
              The time between attempts to acquire  an  exclusive  lock  on  a  mailbox  file  or
              bounce(8) logfile.

       stale_lock_time (500s)
              The time after which a stale exclusive mailbox lockfile is removed.

RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS
       virtual_mailbox_limit (51200000)
              The  maximal  size in bytes of an individual virtual(8) mailbox or maildir file, or
              zero (no limit).

       Implemented in the qmgr(8) daemon:

       virtual_destination_concurrency_limit ($default_destination_concurrency_limit)
              The maximal number of parallel deliveries to the same destination via  the  virtual
              message delivery transport.

       virtual_destination_recipient_limit ($default_destination_recipient_limit)
              The  maximal  number  of  recipients  per  message for the virtual message delivery
              transport.

MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS
       config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf configuration files.

       daemon_timeout (18000s)
              How much time a Postfix daemon process may take to handle a request  before  it  is
              terminated by a built-in watchdog timer.

       delay_logging_resolution_limit (2)
              The  maximal number of digits after the decimal point when logging sub-second delay
              values.

       ipc_timeout (3600s)
              The time limit for sending or receiving information over an internal  communication
              channel.

       max_idle (100s)
              The  maximum amount of time that an idle Postfix daemon process waits for an incom-
              ing connection before terminating voluntarily.

       max_use (100)
              The maximal number of incoming connections that a Postfix daemon process will  ser-
              vice before terminating voluntarily.

       process_id (read-only)
              The process ID of a Postfix command or daemon process.

       process_name (read-only)
              The process name of a Postfix command or daemon process.

       queue_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.

       syslog_facility (mail)
              The syslog facility of Postfix logging.

       syslog_name (see 'postconf -d' output)
              A  prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog records, so that, for ex-
              ample, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd".

       Available in Postfix version 3.0 and later:

       virtual_delivery_status_filter ($default_delivery_status_filter)
              Optional filter for the virtual(8) delivery agent to  change  the  delivery  status
              code or explanatory text of successful or unsuccessful deliveries.

       Available in Postfix version 3.3 and later:

       enable_original_recipient (yes)
              Enable  support for the original recipient address after an address is rewritten to
              a different address (for example with aliasing or with canonical mapping).

       service_name (read-only)
              The master.cf service name of a Postfix daemon process.

       Available in Postfix 3.5 and later:

       info_log_address_format (external)
              The email address form that will be  used  in  non-debug  logging  (info,  warning,
              etc.).

SEE ALSO
       qmgr(8), queue manager
       bounce(8), delivery status reports
       postconf(5), configuration parameters
       postlogd(8), Postfix logging
       syslogd(8), system logging

README_FILES
       Use "postconf readme_directory" or
       "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.
       VIRTUAL_README, domain hosting howto

LICENSE
       The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

HISTORY
       This  delivery  agent  was originally based on the Postfix local delivery agent. Modifica-
       tions mainly consisted of removing code that either was not applicable  or  that  was  not
       safe  in  this  context:  aliases,  ~user/.forward  files,  delivery  to  "|command" or to
       /file/name.

       The Delivered-To: message header appears in the qmail system by Daniel Bernstein.

       The maildir structure appears in the qmail system by Daniel Bernstein.

AUTHOR(S)
       Wietse Venema
       IBM T.J. Watson Research
       P.O. Box 704
       Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA

       Wietse Venema
       Google, Inc.
       111 8th Avenue
       New York, NY 10011, USA

       Andrew McNamara
       andrewm AT connect.au
       connect.com.au Pty. Ltd.
       Level 3, 213 Miller St
       North Sydney 2060, NSW, Australia

                                                                                VIRTUAL(8postfix)

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