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UMOUNT(8) System Administration UMOUNT(8)
NAME
umount - unmount file systems
SYNOPSIS
umount -a [-dflnrv] [-t fstype] [-O option...]
umount [-dflnrv] {directory|device}...
umount -h|-V
DESCRIPTION
The umount command detaches the mentioned file system(s) from the file hierarchy. A file
system is specified by giving the directory where it has been mounted. Giving the special
device on which the file system lives may also work, but is obsolete, mainly because it
will fail in case this device was mounted on more than one directory.
Note that a file system cannot be unmounted when it is 'busy' - for example, when there
are open files on it, or when some process has its working directory there, or when a swap
file on it is in use. The offending process could even be umount itself - it opens libc,
and libc in its turn may open for example locale files. A lazy unmount avoids this prob-
lem, but it may introduce another issues. See --lazy description below.
OPTIONS
-a, --all
All of the filesystems described in /proc/self/mountinfo (or in deprecated
/etc/mtab) are unmounted, except the proc, devfs, devpts, sysfs, rpc_pipefs and
nfsd filesystems. This list of the filesystems may be replaced by --types umount
option.
-A, --all-targets
Unmount all mountpoints in the current namespace for the specified filesystem. The
filesystem can be specified by one of the mountpoints or the device name (or UUID,
etc.). When this option is used together with --recursive, then all nested mounts
within the filesystem are recursively unmounted. This option is only supported on
systems where /etc/mtab is a symlink to /proc/mounts.
-c, --no-canonicalize
Do not canonicalize paths. The paths canonicalization is based on stat(2) and
readlink(2) system calls. These system calls may hang in some cases (for example on
NFS if server is not available). The option has to be used with canonical path to
the mount point.
For more details about this option see the mount(8) man page. Note that umount does
not pass this option to the /sbin/umount.type helpers.
-d, --detach-loop
When the unmounted device was a loop device, also free this loop device. This op-
tion is unnecessary for devices initialized by mount(8), in this case "autoclear"
functionality is enabled by default.
--fake Causes everything to be done except for the actual system call or umount helper ex-
ecution; this 'fakes' unmounting the filesystem. It can be used to remove entries
from the deprecated /etc/mtab that were unmounted earlier with the -n option.
-f, --force
Force an unmount (in case of an unreachable NFS system).
Note that this option does not guarantee that umount command does not hang. It's
strongly recommended to use absolute paths without symlinks to avoid unwanted read-
link and stat system calls on unreachable NFS in umount.
-i, --internal-only
Do not call the /sbin/umount.filesystem helper even if it exists. By default such
a helper program is called if it exists.
-l, --lazy
Lazy unmount. Detach the filesystem from the file hierarchy now, and clean up all
references to this filesystem as soon as it is not busy anymore.
A system reboot would be expected in near future if you're going to use this option
for network filesystem or local filesystem with submounts. The recommended use-
case for umount -l is to prevent hangs on shutdown due to an unreachable network
share where a normal umount will hang due to a downed server or a network parti-
tion. Remounts of the share will not be possible.
-N, --namespace ns
Perform umount in namespace specified by ns. ns is either PID of process running
in that namespace or special file representing that namespace.
umount(8) switches to the namespace when it reads /etc/fstab, writes /etc/mtab (or
writes to /run/mount) and calls umount(2) system call, otherwise it runs in the
original namespace. It means that the target namespace does not have to contain any
libraries or another requirements necessary to execute umount(2) command.
See namespaces(7) for more information.
-n, --no-mtab
Unmount without writing in /etc/mtab.
-O, --test-opts option...
Unmount only the filesystems that have the specified option set in /etc/fstab.
More than one option may be specified in a comma-separated list. Each option can
be prefixed with no to indicate that no action should be taken for this option.
-q, --quiet
Suppress "not mounted" error messages.
-R, --recursive
Recursively unmount each specified directory. Recursion for each directory will
stop if any unmount operation in the chain fails for any reason. The relationship
between mountpoints is determined by /proc/self/mountinfo entries. The filesystem
must be specified by mountpoint path; a recursive unmount by device name (or UUID)
is unsupported.
-r, --read-only
When an unmount fails, try to remount the filesystem read-only.
-t, --types type...
Indicate that the actions should only be taken on filesystems of the specified
type. More than one type may be specified in a comma-separated list. The list of
filesystem types can be prefixed with no to indicate that no action should be taken
for all of the mentioned types. Note that umount reads information about mounted
filesystems from kernel (/proc/mounts) and filesystem names may be different than
filesystem names used in the /etc/fstab (e.g. "nfs4" vs. "nfs").
-v, --verbose
Verbose mode.
-V, --version
Display version information and exit.
-h, --help
Display help text and exit.
LOOP DEVICE
The umount command will automatically detach loop device previously initialized by
mount(8) command independently of /etc/mtab.
In this case the device is initialized with "autoclear" flag (see losetup(8) output for
more details), otherwise it's necessary to use the option --detach-loop or call losetup
-d <device>. The autoclear feature is supported since Linux 2.6.25.
EXTERNAL HELPERS
The syntax of external unmount helpers is:
umount.suffix {directory|device} [-flnrv] [-N namespace] [-t type.subtype]
where suffix is the filesystem type (or the value from a uhelper= or helper= marker in the
mtab file). The -t option can be used for filesystems that have subtype support. For ex-
ample:
umount.fuse -t fuse.sshfs
A uhelper=something marker (unprivileged helper) can appear in the /etc/mtab file when or-
dinary users need to be able to unmount a mountpoint that is not defined in /etc/fstab
(for example for a device that was mounted by udisks(1)).
A helper=type marker in the mtab file will redirect all unmount requests to the
/sbin/umount.type helper independently of UID.
Note that /etc/mtab is currently deprecated and helper= and another userspace mount op-
tions are maintained by libmount.
FILES
/etc/mtab
table of mounted filesystems (deprecated and usually replaced by symlink to
/proc/mounts)
/etc/fstab
table of known filesystems
/proc/self/mountinfo
table of mounted filesystems generated by kernel.
ENVIRONMENT
LIBMOUNT_FSTAB=<path>
overrides the default location of the fstab file (ignored for suid)
LIBMOUNT_MTAB=<path>
overrides the default location of the mtab file (ignored for suid)
LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
enables libmount debug output
SEE ALSO
umount(2), losetup(8), mount(8)
HISTORY
A umount command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.
AVAILABILITY
The umount command is part of the util-linux package and is available from Linux Kernel
Archive <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>.
util-linux July 2014 UMOUNT(8)
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