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TMUX(1)                            BSD General Commands Manual                            TMUX(1)

NAME
     tmux -- terminal multiplexer

SYNOPSIS
     tmux [-2CDluvV] [-c shell-command] [-f file] [-L socket-name] [-S socket-path] [-T features]
          [command [flags]]

DESCRIPTION
     tmux is a terminal multiplexer: it enables a number of terminals to be created, accessed,
     and controlled from a single screen.  tmux may be detached from a screen and continue run-
     ning in the background, then later reattached.

     When tmux is started it creates a new session with a single window and displays it on
     screen.  A status line at the bottom of the screen shows information on the current session
     and is used to enter interactive commands.

     A session is a single collection of pseudo terminals under the management of tmux.  Each
     session has one or more windows linked to it.  A window occupies the entire screen and may
     be split into rectangular panes, each of which is a separate pseudo terminal (the pty(4)
     manual page documents the technical details of pseudo terminals).  Any number of tmux in-
     stances may connect to the same session, and any number of windows may be present in the
     same session.  Once all sessions are killed, tmux exits.

     Each session is persistent and will survive accidental disconnection (such as ssh(1) connec-
     tion timeout) or intentional detaching (with the 'C-b d' key strokes).  tmux may be reat-
     tached using:

           $ tmux attach

     In tmux, a session is displayed on screen by a client and all sessions are managed by a sin-
     gle server.  The server and each client are separate processes which communicate through a
     socket in /tmp.

     The options are as follows:

     -2            Force tmux to assume the terminal supports 256 colours.  This is equivalent to
                   -T 256.

     -C            Start in control mode (see the CONTROL MODE section).  Given twice (-CC) dis-
                   ables echo.

     -c shell-command
                   Execute shell-command using the default shell.  If necessary, the tmux server
                   will be started to retrieve the default-shell option.  This option is for com-
                   patibility with sh(1) when tmux is used as a login shell.

     -D            Do not start the tmux server as a daemon.  This also turns the exit-empty op-
                   tion off.  With -D, command may not be specified.

     -f file       Specify an alternative configuration file.  By default, tmux loads the system
                   configuration file from /etc/tmux.conf, if present, then looks for a user con-
                   figuration file at ~/.tmux.conf.

                   The configuration file is a set of tmux commands which are executed in se-
                   quence when the server is first started.  tmux loads configuration files once
                   when the server process has started.  The source-file command may be used to
                   load a file later.

                   tmux shows any error messages from commands in configuration files in the
                   first session created, and continues to process the rest of the configuration
                   file.

     -L socket-name
                   tmux stores the server socket in a directory under TMUX_TMPDIR or /tmp if it
                   is unset.  The default socket is named default.  This option allows a differ-
                   ent socket name to be specified, allowing several independent tmux servers to
                   be run.  Unlike -S a full path is not necessary: the sockets are all created
                   in a directory tmux-UID under the directory given by TMUX_TMPDIR or in /tmp.
                   The tmux-UID directory is created by tmux and must not be world readable,
                   writable or executable.

                   If the socket is accidentally removed, the SIGUSR1 signal may be sent to the
                   tmux server process to recreate it (note that this will fail if any parent di-
                   rectories are missing).

     -l            Behave as a login shell.  This flag currently has no effect and is for compat-
                   ibility with other shells when using tmux as a login shell.

     -N            Do not start the server even if the command would normally do so (for example
                   new-session or start-server).

     -S socket-path
                   Specify a full alternative path to the server socket.  If -S is specified, the
                   default socket directory is not used and any -L flag is ignored.

     -u            Write UTF-8 output to the terminal even if the first environment variable of
                   LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, or LANG that is set does not contain "UTF-8" or "UTF8".
                   This is equivalent to -T UTF-8.

     -T features   Set terminal features for the client.  This is a comma-separated list of fea-
                   tures.  See the terminal-features option.

     -v            Request verbose logging.  Log messages will be saved into tmux-client-PID.log
                   and tmux-server-PID.log files in the current directory, where PID is the PID
                   of the server or client process.  If -v is specified twice, an additional
                   tmux-out-PID.log file is generated with a copy of everything tmux writes to
                   the terminal.

                   The SIGUSR2 signal may be sent to the tmux server process to toggle logging
                   between on (as if -v was given) and off.

     -V            Report the tmux version.

     command [flags]
                   This specifies one of a set of commands used to control tmux, as described in
                   the following sections.  If no commands are specified, the new-session command
                   is assumed.

DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS
     tmux may be controlled from an attached client by using a key combination of a prefix key,
     'C-b' (Ctrl-b) by default, followed by a command key.

     The default command key bindings are:

           C-b         Send the prefix key (C-b) through to the application.
           C-o         Rotate the panes in the current window forwards.
           C-z         Suspend the tmux client.
           !           Break the current pane out of the window.
           "           Split the current pane into two, top and bottom.
           #           List all paste buffers.
           $           Rename the current session.
           %           Split the current pane into two, left and right.
           &           Kill the current window.
           '           Prompt for a window index to select.
           (           Switch the attached client to the previous session.
           )           Switch the attached client to the next session.
           ,           Rename the current window.
           -           Delete the most recently copied buffer of text.
           .           Prompt for an index to move the current window.
           0 to 9      Select windows 0 to 9.
           :           Enter the tmux command prompt.
           ;           Move to the previously active pane.
           =           Choose which buffer to paste interactively from a list.
           ?           List all key bindings.
           D           Choose a client to detach.
           L           Switch the attached client back to the last session.
           [           Enter copy mode to copy text or view the history.
           ]           Paste the most recently copied buffer of text.
           c           Create a new window.
           d           Detach the current client.
           f           Prompt to search for text in open windows.
           i           Display some information about the current window.
           l           Move to the previously selected window.
           m           Mark the current pane (see select-pane -m).
           M           Clear the marked pane.
           n           Change to the next window.
           o           Select the next pane in the current window.
           p           Change to the previous window.
           q           Briefly display pane indexes.
           r           Force redraw of the attached client.
           s           Select a new session for the attached client interactively.
           t           Show the time.
           w           Choose the current window interactively.
           x           Kill the current pane.
           z           Toggle zoom state of the current pane.
           {           Swap the current pane with the previous pane.
           }           Swap the current pane with the next pane.
           ~           Show previous messages from tmux, if any.
           Page Up     Enter copy mode and scroll one page up.
           Up, Down
           Left, Right
                       Change to the pane above, below, to the left, or to the right of the cur-
                       rent pane.
           M-1 to M-5  Arrange panes in one of the five preset layouts: even-horizontal, even-
                       vertical, main-horizontal, main-vertical, or tiled.
           Space       Arrange the current window in the next preset layout.
           M-n         Move to the next window with a bell or activity marker.
           M-o         Rotate the panes in the current window backwards.
           M-p         Move to the previous window with a bell or activity marker.
           C-Up, C-Down
           C-Left, C-Right
                       Resize the current pane in steps of one cell.
           M-Up, M-Down
           M-Left, M-Right
                       Resize the current pane in steps of five cells.

     Key bindings may be changed with the bind-key and unbind-key commands.

COMMAND PARSING AND EXECUTION
     tmux supports a large number of commands which can be used to control its behaviour.  Each
     command is named and can accept zero or more flags and arguments.  They may be bound to a
     key with the bind-key command or run from the shell prompt, a shell script, a configuration
     file or the command prompt.  For example, the same set-option command run from the shell
     prompt, from ~/.tmux.conf and bound to a key may look like:

           $ tmux set-option -g status-style bg=cyan

           set-option -g status-style bg=cyan

           bind-key C set-option -g status-style bg=cyan

     Here, the command name is 'set-option', '-g' is a flag and 'status-style' and 'bg=cyan' are
     arguments.

     tmux distinguishes between command parsing and execution.  In order to execute a command,
     tmux needs it to be split up into its name and arguments.  This is command parsing.  If a
     command is run from the shell, the shell parses it; from inside tmux or from a configuration
     file, tmux does.  Examples of when tmux parses commands are:

           -   in a configuration file;

           -   typed at the command prompt (see command-prompt);

           -   given to bind-key;

           -   passed as arguments to if-shell or confirm-before.

     To execute commands, each client has a 'command queue'.  A global command queue not attached
     to any client is used on startup for configuration files like ~/.tmux.conf.  Parsed commands
     added to the queue are executed in order.  Some commands, like if-shell and confirm-before,
     parse their argument to create a new command which is inserted immediately after themselves.
     This means that arguments can be parsed twice or more - once when the parent command (such
     as if-shell) is parsed and again when it parses and executes its command.  Commands like
     if-shell, run-shell and display-panes stop execution of subsequent commands on the queue un-
     til something happens - if-shell and run-shell until a shell command finishes and
     display-panes until a key is pressed.  For example, the following commands:

           new-session; new-window
           if-shell "true" "split-window"
           kill-session

     Will execute new-session, new-window, if-shell, the shell command true(1), split-window and
     kill-session in that order.

     The COMMANDS section lists the tmux commands and their arguments.

PARSING SYNTAX
     This section describes the syntax of commands parsed by tmux, for example in a configuration
     file or at the command prompt.  Note that when commands are entered into the shell, they are
     parsed by the shell - see for example ksh(1) or csh(1).

     Each command is terminated by a newline or a semicolon (;).  Commands separated by semi-
     colons together form a 'command sequence' - if a command in the sequence encounters an er-
     ror, no subsequent commands are executed.

     It is recommended that a semicolon used as a command separator should be written as an indi-
     vidual token, for example from sh(1):

           $ tmux neww \; splitw

     Or:

           $ tmux neww ';' splitw

     Or from the tmux command prompt:

           neww ; splitw

     However, a trailing semicolon is also interpreted as a command separator, for example in
     these sh(1) commands:

           $ tmux neww\\; splitw

     Or:

           $ tmux 'neww;' splitw

     As in these examples, when running tmux from the shell extra care must be taken to properly
     quote semicolons:

           1.   Semicolons that should be interpreted as a command separator should be escaped
                according to the shell conventions.  For sh(1) this typically means quoted (such
                as 'neww ';' splitw') or escaped (such as 'neww \\\\; splitw').

           2.   Individual semicolons or trailing semicolons that should be interpreted as argu-
                ments should be escaped twice: once according to the shell conventions and a sec-
                ond time for tmux; for example:

                      $ tmux neww 'foo\\;' bar
                      $ tmux neww foo\\\\; bar

           3.   Semicolons that are not individual tokens or trailing another token should only
                be escaped once according to shell conventions; for example:

                      $ tmux neww 'foo-;-bar'
                      $ tmux neww foo-\\;-bar

     Comments are marked by the unquoted # character - any remaining text after a comment is ig-
     nored until the end of the line.

     If the last character of a line is \, the line is joined with the following line (the \ and
     the newline are completely removed).  This is called line continuation and applies both in-
     side and outside quoted strings and in comments, but not inside braces.

     Command arguments may be specified as strings surrounded by single (') quotes, double quotes
     (") or braces ({}).  This is required when the argument contains any special character.
     Single and double quoted strings cannot span multiple lines except with line continuation.
     Braces can span multiple lines.

     Outside of quotes and inside double quotes, these replacements are performed:

           -   Environment variables preceded by $ are replaced with their value from the global
               environment (see the GLOBAL AND SESSION ENVIRONMENT section).

           -   A leading ~ or ~user is expanded to the home directory of the current or specified
               user.

           -   \uXXXX or \uXXXXXXXX is replaced by the Unicode codepoint corresponding to the
               given four or eight digit hexadecimal number.

           -   When preceded (escaped) by a \, the following characters are replaced: \e by the
               escape character; \r by a carriage return; \n by a newline; and \t by a tab.

           -   \ooo is replaced by a character of the octal value ooo.  Three octal digits are
               required, for example \001.  The largest valid character is \377.

           -   Any other characters preceded by \ are replaced by themselves (that is, the \ is
               removed) and are not treated as having any special meaning - so for example \;
               will not mark a command sequence and \$ will not expand an environment variable.

     Braces are parsed as a configuration file (so conditions such as '%if' are processed) and
     then converted into a string.  They are designed to avoid the need for additional escaping
     when passing a group of tmux commands as an argument (for example to if-shell).  These two
     examples produce an identical command - note that no escaping is needed when using {}:

           if-shell true {
               display -p 'brace-dollar-foo: }$foo'
           }

           if-shell true "display -p 'brace-dollar-foo: }\$foo'"

     Braces may be enclosed inside braces, for example:

           bind x if-shell "true" {
               if-shell "true" {
                   display "true!"
               }
           }

     Environment variables may be set by using the syntax 'name=value', for example
     'HOME=/home/user'.  Variables set during parsing are added to the global environment.  A
     hidden variable may be set with '%hidden', for example:

           %hidden MYVAR=42

     Hidden variables are not passed to the environment of processes created by tmux.  See the
     GLOBAL AND SESSION ENVIRONMENT section.

     Commands may be parsed conditionally by surrounding them with '%if', '%elif', '%else' and
     '%endif'.  The argument to '%if' and '%elif' is expanded as a format (see FORMATS) and if it
     evaluates to false (zero or empty), subsequent text is ignored until the closing '%elif',
     '%else' or '%endif'.  For example:

           %if "#{==:#{host},myhost}"
           set -g status-style bg=red
           %elif "#{==:#{host},myotherhost}"
           set -g status-style bg=green
           %else
           set -g status-style bg=blue
           %endif

     Will change the status line to red if running on 'myhost', green if running on
     'myotherhost', or blue if running on another host.  Conditionals may be given on one line,
     for example:

           %if #{==:#{host},myhost} set -g status-style bg=red %endif

COMMANDS
     This section describes the commands supported by tmux.  Most commands accept the optional -t
     (and sometimes -s) argument with one of target-client, target-session, target-window, or
     target-pane.  These specify the client, session, window or pane which a command should af-
     fect.

     target-client should be the name of the client, typically the pty(4) file to which the
     client is connected, for example either of /dev/ttyp1 or ttyp1 for the client attached to
     /dev/ttyp1.  If no client is specified, tmux attempts to work out the client currently in
     use; if that fails, an error is reported.  Clients may be listed with the list-clients com-
     mand.

     target-session is tried as, in order:

           1.   A session ID prefixed with a $.

           2.   An exact name of a session (as listed by the list-sessions command).

           3.   The start of a session name, for example 'mysess' would match a session named
                'mysession'.

           4.   An fnmatch(3) pattern which is matched against the session name.

     If the session name is prefixed with an '=', only an exact match is accepted (so '=mysess'
     will only match exactly 'mysess', not 'mysession').

     If a single session is found, it is used as the target session; multiple matches produce an
     error.  If a session is omitted, the current session is used if available; if no current
     session is available, the most recently used is chosen.

     target-window (or src-window or dst-window) specifies a window in the form session:window.
     session follows the same rules as for target-session, and window is looked for in order as:

           1.   A special token, listed below.

           2.   A window index, for example 'mysession:1' is window 1 in session 'mysession'.

           3.   A window ID, such as @1.

           4.   An exact window name, such as 'mysession:mywindow'.

           5.   The start of a window name, such as 'mysession:mywin'.

           6.   As an fnmatch(3) pattern matched against the window name.

     Like sessions, a '=' prefix will do an exact match only.  An empty window name specifies the
     next unused index if appropriate (for example the new-window and link-window commands) oth-
     erwise the current window in session is chosen.

     The following special tokens are available to indicate particular windows.  Each has a sin-
     gle-character alternative form.

     Token              Meaning
     {start}       ^    The lowest-numbered window
     {end}         $    The highest-numbered window
     {last}        !    The last (previously current) window
     {next}        +    The next window by number
     {previous}    -    The previous window by number

     target-pane (or src-pane or dst-pane) may be a pane ID or takes a similar form to
     target-window but with the optional addition of a period followed by a pane index or pane
     ID, for example: 'mysession:mywindow.1'.  If the pane index is omitted, the currently active
     pane in the specified window is used.  The following special tokens are available for the
     pane index:

     Token                  Meaning
     {last}            !    The last (previously active) pane
     {next}            +    The next pane by number
     {previous}        -    The previous pane by number
     {top}                  The top pane
     {bottom}               The bottom pane
     {left}                 The leftmost pane
     {right}                The rightmost pane
     {top-left}             The top-left pane
     {top-right}            The top-right pane
     {bottom-left}          The bottom-left pane
     {bottom-right}         The bottom-right pane
     {up-of}                The pane above the active pane
     {down-of}              The pane below the active pane
     {left-of}              The pane to the left of the active pane
     {right-of}             The pane to the right of the active pane

     The tokens '+' and '-' may be followed by an offset, for example:

           select-window -t:+2

     In addition, target-session, target-window or target-pane may consist entirely of the token
     '{mouse}' (alternative form '=') to specify the session, window or pane where the most re-
     cent mouse event occurred (see the MOUSE SUPPORT section) or '{marked}' (alternative form
     '~') to specify the marked pane (see select-pane -m).

     Sessions, window and panes are each numbered with a unique ID; session IDs are prefixed with
     a '$', windows with a '@', and panes with a '%'.  These are unique and are unchanged for the
     life of the session, window or pane in the tmux server.  The pane ID is passed to the child
     process of the pane in the TMUX_PANE environment variable.  IDs may be displayed using the
     'session_id', 'window_id', or 'pane_id' formats (see the FORMATS section) and the
     display-message, list-sessions, list-windows or list-panes commands.

     shell-command arguments are sh(1) commands.  This may be a single argument passed to the
     shell, for example:

           new-window 'vi ~/.tmux.conf'

     Will run:

           /bin/sh -c 'vi ~/.tmux.conf'

     Additionally, the new-window, new-session, split-window, respawn-window and respawn-pane
     commands allow shell-command to be given as multiple arguments and executed directly (with-
     out 'sh -c').  This can avoid issues with shell quoting.  For example:

           $ tmux new-window vi ~/.tmux.conf

     Will run vi(1) directly without invoking the shell.

     command [arguments] refers to a tmux command, either passed with the command and arguments
     separately, for example:

           bind-key F1 set-option status off

     Or passed as a single string argument in .tmux.conf, for example:

           bind-key F1 { set-option status off }

     Example tmux commands include:

           refresh-client -t/dev/ttyp2

           rename-session -tfirst newname

           set-option -wt:0 monitor-activity on

           new-window ; split-window -d

           bind-key R source-file ~/.tmux.conf \; \
                   display-message "source-file done"

     Or from sh(1):

           $ tmux kill-window -t :1

           $ tmux new-window \; split-window -d

           $ tmux new-session -d 'vi ~/.tmux.conf' \; split-window -d \; attach

CLIENTS AND SESSIONS
     The tmux server manages clients, sessions, windows and panes.  Clients are attached to ses-
     sions to interact with them, either when they are created with the new-session command, or
     later with the attach-session command.  Each session has one or more windows linked into it.
     Windows may be linked to multiple sessions and are made up of one or more panes, each of
     which contains a pseudo terminal.  Commands for creating, linking and otherwise manipulating
     windows are covered in the WINDOWS AND PANES section.

     The following commands are available to manage clients and sessions:

     attach-session [-dErx] [-c working-directory] [-f flags] [-t target-session]
                   (alias: attach)
             If run from outside tmux, create a new client in the current terminal and attach it
             to target-session.  If used from inside, switch the current client.  If -d is speci-
             fied, any other clients attached to the session are detached.  If -x is given, send
             SIGHUP to the parent process of the client as well as detaching the client, typi-
             cally causing it to exit.  -f sets a comma-separated list of client flags.  The
             flags are:

             active-pane
                     the client has an independent active pane

             ignore-size
                     the client does not affect the size of other clients

             no-output
                     the client does not receive pane output in control mode

             pause-after=seconds
                     output is paused once the pane is seconds behind in control mode

             read-only
                     the client is read-only

             wait-exit
                     wait for an empty line input before exiting in control mode

             A leading '!' turns a flag off if the client is already attached.  -r is an alias
             for -f read-only,ignore-size.  When a client is read-only, only keys bound to the
             detach-client or switch-client commands have any effect.  A client with the
             active-pane flag allows the active pane to be selected independently of the window's
             active pane used by clients without the flag.  This only affects the cursor position
             and commands issued from the client; other features such as hooks and styles con-
             tinue to use the window's active pane.

             If no server is started, attach-session will attempt to start it; this will fail un-
             less sessions are created in the configuration file.

             The target-session rules for attach-session are slightly adjusted: if tmux needs to
             select the most recently used session, it will prefer the most recently used
             unattached session.

             -c will set the session working directory (used for new windows) to
             working-directory.

             If -E is used, the update-environment option will not be applied.

     detach-client [-aP] [-E shell-command] [-s target-session] [-t target-client]
                   (alias: detach)
             Detach the current client if bound to a key, the client specified with -t, or all
             clients currently attached to the session specified by -s.  The -a option kills all
             but the client given with -t.  If -P is given, send SIGHUP to the parent process of
             the client, typically causing it to exit.  With -E, run shell-command to replace the
             client.

     has-session [-t target-session]
                   (alias: has)
             Report an error and exit with 1 if the specified session does not exist.  If it does
             exist, exit with 0.

     kill-server
             Kill the tmux server and clients and destroy all sessions.

     kill-session [-aC] [-t target-session]
             Destroy the given session, closing any windows linked to it and no other sessions,
             and detaching all clients attached to it.  If -a is given, all sessions but the
             specified one is killed.  The -C flag clears alerts (bell, activity, or silence) in
             all windows linked to the session.

     list-clients [-F format] [-t target-session]
                   (alias: lsc)
             List all clients attached to the server.  For the meaning of the -F flag, see the
             FORMATS section.  If target-session is specified, list only clients connected to
             that session.

     list-commands [-F format] [command]
                   (alias: lscm)
             List the syntax of command or - if omitted - of all commands supported by tmux.

     list-sessions [-F format] [-f filter]
                   (alias: ls)
             List all sessions managed by the server.  -F specifies the format of each line and
             -f a filter.  Only sessions for which the filter is true are shown.  See the FORMATS
             section.

     lock-client [-t target-client]
                   (alias: lockc)
             Lock target-client, see the lock-server command.

     lock-session [-t target-session]
                   (alias: locks)
             Lock all clients attached to target-session.

     new-session [-AdDEPX] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-f flags] [-F format] [-n
             window-name] [-s session-name] [-t group-name] [-x width] [-y height]
             [shell-command]
                   (alias: new)
             Create a new session with name session-name.

             The new session is attached to the current terminal unless -d is given.  window-name
             and shell-command are the name of and shell command to execute in the initial win-
             dow.  With -d, the initial size comes from the global default-size option; -x and -y
             can be used to specify a different size.  '-' uses the size of the current client if
             any.  If -x or -y is given, the default-size option is set for the session.  -f sets
             a comma-separated list of client flags (see attach-session).

             If run from a terminal, any termios(4) special characters are saved and used for new
             windows in the new session.

             The -A flag makes new-session behave like attach-session if session-name already ex-
             ists; in this case, -D behaves like -d to attach-session, and -X behaves like -x to
             attach-session.

             If -t is given, it specifies a session group.  Sessions in the same group share the
             same set of windows - new windows are linked to all sessions in the group and any
             windows closed removed from all sessions.  The current and previous window and any
             session options remain independent and any session in a group may be killed without
             affecting the others.  The group-name argument may be:

             1.      the name of an existing group, in which case the new session is added to
                     that group;

             2.      the name of an existing session - the new session is added to the same group
                     as that session, creating a new group if necessary;

             3.      the name for a new group containing only the new session.

             -n and shell-command are invalid if -t is used.

             The -P option prints information about the new session after it has been created.
             By default, it uses the format '#{session_name}:' but a different format may be
             specified with -F.

             If -E is used, the update-environment option will not be applied.  -e takes the form
             'VARIABLE=value' and sets an environment variable for the newly created session; it
             may be specified multiple times.

     refresh-client [-cDlLRSU] [-A pane:state] [-B name:what:format] [-C XxY] [-f flags] [-t
             target-client] [adjustment]
                   (alias: refresh)
             Refresh the current client if bound to a key, or a single client if one is given
             with -t.  If -S is specified, only update the client's status line.

             The -U, -D, -L -R, and -c flags allow the visible portion of a window which is
             larger than the client to be changed.  -U moves the visible part up by adjustment
             rows and -D down, -L left by adjustment columns and -R right.  -c returns to track-
             ing the cursor automatically.  If adjustment is omitted, 1 is used.  Note that the
             visible position is a property of the client not of the window, changing the current
             window in the attached session will reset it.

             -C sets the width and height of a control mode client.  -A allows a control mode
             client to trigger actions on a pane.  The argument is a pane ID (with leading '%'),
             a colon, then one of 'on', 'off', 'continue' or 'pause'.  If 'off', tmux will not
             send output from the pane to the client and if all clients have turned the pane off,
             will stop reading from the pane.  If 'continue', tmux will return to sending output
             to the pane if it was paused (manually or with the pause-after flag).  If 'pause',
             tmux will pause the pane.  -A may be given multiple times for different panes.

             -B sets a subscription to a format for a control mode client.  The argument is split
             into three items by colons: name is a name for the subscription; what is a type of
             item to subscribe to; format is the format.  After a subscription is added, changes
             to the format are reported with the %subscription-changed notification, at most once
             a second.  If only the name is given, the subscription is removed.  what may be
             empty to check the format only for the attached session, or one of: a pane ID such
             as '%0'; '%*' for all panes in the attached session; a window ID such as '@0'; or
             '@*' for all windows in the attached session.

             -f sets a comma-separated list of client flags, see attach-session.

             -l requests the clipboard from the client using the xterm(1) escape sequence and
             stores it in a new paste buffer.

             -L, -R, -U and -D move the visible portion of the window left, right, up or down by
             adjustment, if the window is larger than the client.  -c resets so that the position
             follows the cursor.  See the window-size option.

     rename-session [-t target-session] new-name
                   (alias: rename)
             Rename the session to new-name.

     show-messages [-JT] [-t target-client]
                   (alias: showmsgs)
             Show server messages or information.  Messages are stored, up to a maximum of the
             limit set by the message-limit server option.  -J and -T show debugging information
             about jobs and terminals.

     source-file [-Fnqv] path ...
                   (alias: source)
             Execute commands from one or more files specified by path (which may be glob(7) pat-
             terns).  If -F is present, then path is expanded as a format.  If -q is given, no
             error will be returned if path does not exist.  With -n, the file is parsed but no
             commands are executed.  -v shows the parsed commands and line numbers if possible.

     start-server
                   (alias: start)
             Start the tmux server, if not already running, without creating any sessions.

             Note that as by default the tmux server will exit with no sessions, this is only
             useful if a session is created in ~/.tmux.conf, exit-empty is turned off, or another
             command is run as part of the same command sequence.  For example:

                   $ tmux start \; show -g

     suspend-client [-t target-client]
                   (alias: suspendc)
             Suspend a client by sending SIGTSTP (tty stop).

     switch-client [-ElnprZ] [-c target-client] [-t target-session] [-T key-table]
                   (alias: switchc)
             Switch the current session for client target-client to target-session.  As a special
             case, -t may refer to a pane (a target that contains ':', '.' or '%'), to change
             session, window and pane.  In that case, -Z keeps the window zoomed if it was
             zoomed.  If -l, -n or -p is used, the client is moved to the last, next or previous
             session respectively.  -r toggles the client read-only and ignore-size flags (see
             the attach-session command).

             If -E is used, update-environment option will not be applied.

             -T sets the client's key table; the next key from the client will be interpreted
             from key-table.  This may be used to configure multiple prefix keys, or to bind com-
             mands to sequences of keys.  For example, to make typing 'abc' run the list-keys
             command:

                   bind-key -Ttable2 c list-keys
                   bind-key -Ttable1 b switch-client -Ttable2
                   bind-key -Troot   a switch-client -Ttable1

WINDOWS AND PANES
     Each window displayed by tmux may be split into one or more panes; each pane takes up a cer-
     tain area of the display and is a separate terminal.  A window may be split into panes using
     the split-window command.  Windows may be split horizontally (with the -h flag) or verti-
     cally.  Panes may be resized with the resize-pane command (bound to 'C-Up', 'C-Down'
     'C-Left' and 'C-Right' by default), the current pane may be changed with the select-pane
     command and the rotate-window and swap-pane commands may be used to swap panes without
     changing their position.  Panes are numbered beginning from zero in the order they are cre-
     ated.

     By default, a tmux pane permits direct access to the terminal contained in the pane.  A pane
     may also be put into one of several modes:

           -   Copy mode, which permits a section of a window or its history to be copied to a
               paste buffer for later insertion into another window.  This mode is entered with
               the copy-mode command, bound to '[' by default.  Copied text can be pasted with
               the paste-buffer command, bound to ']'.

           -   View mode, which is like copy mode but is entered when a command that produces
               output, such as list-keys, is executed from a key binding.

           -   Choose mode, which allows an item to be chosen from a list.  This may be a client,
               a session or window or pane, or a buffer.  This mode is entered with the
               choose-buffer, choose-client and choose-tree commands.

     In copy mode an indicator is displayed in the top-right corner of the pane with the current
     position and the number of lines in the history.

     Commands are sent to copy mode using the -X flag to the send-keys command.  When a key is
     pressed, copy mode automatically uses one of two key tables, depending on the mode-keys op-
     tion: copy-mode for emacs, or copy-mode-vi for vi.  Key tables may be viewed with the
     list-keys command.

     The following commands are supported in copy mode:

           Command                                      vi              emacs
           append-selection
           append-selection-and-cancel                  A
           back-to-indentation                          ^               M-m
           begin-selection                              Space           C-Space
           bottom-line                                  L
           cancel                                       q               Escape
           clear-selection                              Escape          C-g
           copy-end-of-line [<prefix>]                  D               C-k
           copy-line [<prefix>]
           copy-pipe [<command>] [<prefix>]
           copy-pipe-no-clear [<command>] [<prefix>]
           copy-pipe-and-cancel [<command>] [<prefix>]
           copy-selection [<prefix>]
           copy-selection-no-clear [<prefix>]
           copy-selection-and-cancel [<prefix>]         Enter           M-w
           cursor-down                                  j               Down
           cursor-down-and-cancel
           cursor-left                                  h               Left
           cursor-right                                 l               Right
           cursor-up                                    k               Up
           end-of-line                                  $               C-e
           goto-line <line>                             :               g
           halfpage-down                                C-d             M-Down
           halfpage-down-and-cancel
           halfpage-up                                  C-u             M-Up
           history-bottom                               G               M->
           history-top                                  g               M-<
           jump-again                                   ;               ;
           jump-backward <to>                           F               F
           jump-forward <to>                            f               f
           jump-reverse                                 ,               ,
           jump-to-backward <to>                        T
           jump-to-forward <to>                         t
           jump-to-mark                                 M-x             M-x
           middle-line                                  M               M-r
           next-matching-bracket                        %               M-C-f
           next-paragraph                               }               M-}
           next-space                                   W
           next-space-end                               E
           next-word                                    w
           next-word-end                                e               M-f
           other-end                                    o
           page-down                                    C-f             PageDown
           page-down-and-cancel
           page-up                                      C-b             PageUp
           pipe [<command>] [<prefix>]
           pipe-no-clear [<command>] [<prefix>]
           pipe-and-cancel [<command>] [<prefix>]
           previous-matching-bracket                                    M-C-b
           previous-paragraph                           {               M-{
           previous-space                               B
           previous-word                                b               M-b
           rectangle-on
           rectangle-off
           rectangle-toggle                             v               R
           refresh-from-pane                            r               r
           scroll-down                                  C-e             C-Down
           scroll-down-and-cancel
           scroll-up                                    C-y             C-Up
           search-again                                 n               n
           search-backward <for>                        ?
           search-backward-incremental <for>                            C-r
           search-backward-text <for>
           search-forward <for>                         /
           search-forward-incremental <for>                             C-s
           search-forward-text <for>
           search-reverse                               N               N
           select-line                                  V
           select-word
           set-mark                                     X               X
           start-of-line                                0               C-a
           stop-selection
           top-line                                     H               M-R

     The search commands come in several varieties: 'search-forward' and 'search-backward' search
     for a regular expression; the '-text' variants search for a plain text string rather than a
     regular expression; '-incremental' perform an incremental search and expect to be used with
     the -i flag to the command-prompt command.  'search-again' repeats the last search and
     'search-reverse' does the same but reverses the direction (forward becomes backward and
     backward becomes forward).

     Copy commands may take an optional buffer prefix argument which is used to generate the buf-
     fer name (the default is 'buffer' so buffers are named 'buffer0', 'buffer1' and so on).
     Pipe commands take a command argument which is the command to which the selected text is
     piped.  'copy-pipe' variants also copy the selection.  The '-and-cancel' variants of some
     commands exit copy mode after they have completed (for copy commands) or when the cursor
     reaches the bottom (for scrolling commands).  '-no-clear' variants do not clear the selec-
     tion.

     The next and previous word keys use space and the '-', '_' and '@' characters as word delim-
     iters by default, but this can be adjusted by setting the word-separators session option.
     Next word moves to the start of the next word, next word end to the end of the next word and
     previous word to the start of the previous word.  The three next and previous space keys
     work similarly but use a space alone as the word separator.

     The jump commands enable quick movement within a line.  For instance, typing 'f' followed by
     '/' will move the cursor to the next '/' character on the current line.  A ';' will then
     jump to the next occurrence.

     Commands in copy mode may be prefaced by an optional repeat count.  With vi key bindings, a
     prefix is entered using the number keys; with emacs, the Alt (meta) key and a number begins
     prefix entry.

     The synopsis for the copy-mode command is:

     copy-mode [-eHMqu] [-s src-pane] [-t target-pane]
             Enter copy mode.  The -u option scrolls one page up.  -M begins a mouse drag (only
             valid if bound to a mouse key binding, see MOUSE SUPPORT).  -H hides the position
             indicator in the top right.  -q cancels copy mode and any other modes.  -s copies
             from src-pane instead of target-pane.

             -e specifies that scrolling to the bottom of the history (to the visible screen)
             should exit copy mode.  While in copy mode, pressing a key other than those used for
             scrolling will disable this behaviour.  This is intended to allow fast scrolling
             through a pane's history, for example with:

                   bind PageUp copy-mode -eu

     A number of preset arrangements of panes are available, these are called layouts.  These may
     be selected with the select-layout command or cycled with next-layout (bound to 'Space' by
     default); once a layout is chosen, panes within it may be moved and resized as normal.

     The following layouts are supported:

     even-horizontal
             Panes are spread out evenly from left to right across the window.

     even-vertical
             Panes are spread evenly from top to bottom.

     main-horizontal
             A large (main) pane is shown at the top of the window and the remaining panes are
             spread from left to right in the leftover space at the bottom.  Use the
             main-pane-height window option to specify the height of the top pane.

     main-vertical
             Similar to main-horizontal but the large pane is placed on the left and the others
             spread from top to bottom along the right.  See the main-pane-width window option.

     tiled   Panes are spread out as evenly as possible over the window in both rows and columns.

     In addition, select-layout may be used to apply a previously used layout - the list-windows
     command displays the layout of each window in a form suitable for use with select-layout.
     For example:

           $ tmux list-windows
           0: ksh [159x48]
               layout: bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}
           $ tmux select-layout bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}

     tmux automatically adjusts the size of the layout for the current window size.  Note that a
     layout cannot be applied to a window with more panes than that from which the layout was
     originally defined.

     Commands related to windows and panes are as follows:

     break-pane [-abdP] [-F format] [-n window-name] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-window]
                   (alias: breakp)
             Break src-pane off from its containing window to make it the only pane in
             dst-window.  With -a or -b, the window is moved to the next index after or before
             (existing windows are moved if necessary).  If -d is given, the new window does not
             become the current window.  The -P option prints information about the new window
             after it has been created.  By default, it uses the format
             '#{session_name}:#{window_index}.#{pane_index}' but a different format may be speci-
             fied with -F.

     capture-pane [-aepPqCJN] [-b buffer-name] [-E end-line] [-S start-line] [-t target-pane]
                   (alias: capturep)
             Capture the contents of a pane.  If -p is given, the output goes to stdout, other-
             wise to the buffer specified with -b or a new buffer if omitted.  If -a is given,
             the alternate screen is used, and the history is not accessible.  If no alternate
             screen exists, an error will be returned unless -q is given.  If -e is given, the
             output includes escape sequences for text and background attributes.  -C also es-
             capes non-printable characters as octal \xxx.  -N preserves trailing spaces at each
             line's end and -J preserves trailing spaces and joins any wrapped lines.  -P cap-
             tures only any output that the pane has received that is the beginning of an as-yet
             incomplete escape sequence.

             -S and -E specify the starting and ending line numbers, zero is the first line of
             the visible pane and negative numbers are lines in the history.  '-' to -S is the
             start of the history and to -E the end of the visible pane.  The default is to cap-
             ture only the visible contents of the pane.

     choose-client [-NrZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] [-O sort-order] [-t
             target-pane] [template]
             Put a pane into client mode, allowing a client to be selected interactively from a
             list.  Each client is shown on one line.  A shortcut key is shown on the left in
             brackets allowing for immediate choice, or the list may be navigated and an item
             chosen or otherwise manipulated using the keys below.  -Z zooms the pane.  The fol-
             lowing keys may be used in client mode:

                   Key    Function
                   Enter  Choose selected client
                   Up     Select previous client
                   Down   Select next client
                   C-s    Search by name
                   n      Repeat last search
                   t      Toggle if client is tagged
                   T      Tag no clients
                   C-t    Tag all clients
                   d      Detach selected client
                   D      Detach tagged clients
                   x      Detach and HUP selected client
                   X      Detach and HUP tagged clients
                   z      Suspend selected client
                   Z      Suspend tagged clients
                   f      Enter a format to filter items
                   O      Change sort field
                   r      Reverse sort order
                   v      Toggle preview
                   q      Exit mode

             After a client is chosen, '%%' is replaced by the client name in template and the
             result executed as a command.  If template is not given, "detach-client -t '%%'" is
             used.

             -O specifies the initial sort field: one of 'name', 'size', 'creation', or
             'activity'.  -r reverses the sort order.  -f specifies an initial filter: the filter
             is a format - if it evaluates to zero, the item in the list is not shown, otherwise
             it is shown.  If a filter would lead to an empty list, it is ignored.  -F specifies
             the format for each item in the list and -K a format for each shortcut key; both are
             evaluated once for each line.  -N starts without the preview.  This command works
             only if at least one client is attached.

     choose-tree [-GNrswZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] [-O sort-order] [-t
             target-pane] [template]
             Put a pane into tree mode, where a session, window or pane may be chosen interac-
             tively from a tree.  Each session, window or pane is shown on one line.  A shortcut
             key is shown on the left in brackets allowing for immediate choice, or the tree may
             be navigated and an item chosen or otherwise manipulated using the keys below.  -s
             starts with sessions collapsed and -w with windows collapsed.  -Z zooms the pane.
             The following keys may be used in tree mode:

                   Key    Function
                   Enter  Choose selected item
                   Up     Select previous item
                   Down   Select next item
                   +      Expand selected item
                   -      Collapse selected item
                   M-+    Expand all items
                   M--    Collapse all items
                   x      Kill selected item
                   X      Kill tagged items
                   <      Scroll list of previews left
                   >      Scroll list of previews right
                   C-s    Search by name
                   m      Set the marked pane
                   M      Clear the marked pane
                   n      Repeat last search
                   t      Toggle if item is tagged
                   T      Tag no items
                   C-t    Tag all items
                   :      Run a command for each tagged item
                   f      Enter a format to filter items
                   H      Jump to the starting pane
                   O      Change sort field
                   r      Reverse sort order
                   v      Toggle preview
                   q      Exit mode

             After a session, window or pane is chosen, '%%' is replaced by the target in
             template and the result executed as a command.  If template is not given, "switch-
             client -t '%%'" is used.

             -O specifies the initial sort field: one of 'index', 'name', or 'time'.  -r reverses
             the sort order.  -f specifies an initial filter: the filter is a format - if it
             evaluates to zero, the item in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown.  If a
             filter would lead to an empty list, it is ignored.  -F specifies the format for each
             item in the tree and -K a format for each shortcut key; both are evaluated once for
             each line.  -N starts without the preview.  -G includes all sessions in any session
             groups in the tree rather than only the first.  This command works only if at least
             one client is attached.

     customize-mode [-NZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-t target-pane] [template]
             Put a pane into customize mode, where options and key bindings may be browsed and
             modified from a list.  Option values in the list are shown for the active pane in
             the current window.  -Z zooms the pane.  The following keys may be used in customize
             mode:

                   Key    Function
                   Enter  Set pane, window, session or global option value
                   Up     Select previous item
                   Down   Select next item
                   +      Expand selected item
                   -      Collapse selected item
                   M-+    Expand all items
                   M--    Collapse all items
                   s      Set option value or key attribute
                   S      Set global option value
                   w      Set window option value, if option is for pane and window
                   d      Set an option or key to the default
                   D      Set tagged options and tagged keys to the default
                   u      Unset an option (set to default value if global) or unbind a key
                   U      Unset tagged options and unbind tagged keys
                   C-s    Search by name
                   n      Repeat last search
                   t      Toggle if item is tagged
                   T      Tag no items
                   C-t    Tag all items
                   f      Enter a format to filter items
                   v      Toggle option information
                   q      Exit mode

             -f specifies an initial filter: the filter is a format - if it evaluates to zero,
             the item in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown.  If a filter would lead to
             an empty list, it is ignored.  -F specifies the format for each item in the tree.
             -N starts without the option information.  This command works only if at least one
             client is attached.

     display-panes [-bN] [-d duration] [-t target-client] [template]
                   (alias: displayp)
             Display a visible indicator of each pane shown by target-client.  See the
             display-panes-colour and display-panes-active-colour session options.  The indicator
             is closed when a key is pressed (unless -N is given) or duration milliseconds have
             passed.  If -d is not given, display-panes-time is used.  A duration of zero means
             the indicator stays until a key is pressed.  While the indicator is on screen, a
             pane may be chosen with the '0' to '9' keys, which will cause template to be exe-
             cuted as a command with '%%' substituted by the pane ID.  The default template is
             "select-pane -t '%%'".  With -b, other commands are not blocked from running until
             the indicator is closed.

     find-window [-iCNrTZ] [-t target-pane] match-string
                   (alias: findw)
             Search for a fnmatch(3) pattern or, with -r, regular expression match-string in win-
             dow names, titles, and visible content (but not history).  The flags control match-
             ing behavior: -C matches only visible window contents, -N matches only the window
             name and -T matches only the window title.  -i makes the search ignore case.  The
             default is -CNT.  -Z zooms the pane.

             This command works only if at least one client is attached.

     join-pane [-bdfhv] [-l size] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-pane]
                   (alias: joinp)
             Like split-window, but instead of splitting dst-pane and creating a new pane, split
             it and move src-pane into the space.  This can be used to reverse break-pane.  The
             -b option causes src-pane to be joined to left of or above dst-pane.

             If -s is omitted and a marked pane is present (see select-pane -m), the marked pane
             is used rather than the current pane.

     kill-pane [-a] [-t target-pane]
                   (alias: killp)
             Destroy the given pane.  If no panes remain in the containing window, it is also de-
             stroyed.  The -a option kills all but the pane given with -t.

     kill-window [-a] [-t target-window]
                   (alias: killw)
             Kill the current window or the window at target-window, removing it from any ses-
             sions to which it is linked.  The -a option kills all but the window given with -t.

     last-pane [-deZ] [-t target-window]
                   (alias: lastp)
             Select the last (previously selected) pane.  -Z keeps the window zoomed if it was
             zoomed.  -e enables or -d disables input to the pane.

     last-window [-t target-session]
                   (alias: last)
             Select the last (previously selected) window.  If no target-session is specified,
             select the last window of the current session.

     link-window [-abdk] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window]
                   (alias: linkw)
             Link the window at src-window to the specified dst-window.  If dst-window is speci-
             fied and no such window exists, the src-window is linked there.  With -a or -b the
             window is moved to the next index after or before dst-window (existing windows are
             moved if necessary).  If -k is given and dst-window exists, it is killed, otherwise
             an error is generated.  If -d is given, the newly linked window is not selected.

     list-panes [-as] [-F format] [-f filter] [-t target]
                   (alias: lsp)
             If -a is given, target is ignored and all panes on the server are listed.  If -s is
             given, target is a session (or the current session).  If neither is given, target is
             a window (or the current window).  -F specifies the format of each line and -f a
             filter.  Only panes for which the filter is true are shown.  See the FORMATS sec-
             tion.

     list-windows [-a] [-F format] [-f filter] [-t target-session]
                   (alias: lsw)
             If -a is given, list all windows on the server.  Otherwise, list windows in the cur-
             rent session or in target-session.  -F specifies the format of each line and -f a
             filter.  Only windows for which the filter is true are shown.  See the FORMATS sec-
             tion.

     move-pane [-bdfhv] [-l size] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-pane]
                   (alias: movep)
             Does the same as join-pane.

     move-window [-abrdk] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window]
                   (alias: movew)
             This is similar to link-window, except the window at src-window is moved to
             dst-window.  With -r, all windows in the session are renumbered in sequential order,
             respecting the base-index option.

     new-window [-abdkPS] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-F format] [-n window-name] [-t
             target-window] [shell-command]
                   (alias: neww)
             Create a new window.  With -a or -b, the new window is inserted at the next index
             after or before the specified target-window, moving windows up if necessary; other-
             wise target-window is the new window location.

             If -d is given, the session does not make the new window the current window.
             target-window represents the window to be created; if the target already exists an
             error is shown, unless the -k flag is used, in which case it is destroyed.  If -S is
             given and a window named window-name already exists, it is selected (unless -d is
             also given in which case the command does nothing).

             shell-command is the command to execute.  If shell-command is not specified, the
             value of the default-command option is used.  -c specifies the working directory in
             which the new window is created.

             When the shell command completes, the window closes.  See the remain-on-exit option
             to change this behaviour.

             -e takes the form 'VARIABLE=value' and sets an environment variable for the newly
             created window; it may be specified multiple times.

             The TERM environment variable must be set to 'screen' or 'tmux' for all programs
             running inside tmux.  New windows will automatically have 'TERM=screen' added to
             their environment, but care must be taken not to reset this in shell start-up files
             or by the -e option.

             The -P option prints information about the new window after it has been created.  By
             default, it uses the format '#{session_name}:#{window_index}' but a different format
             may be specified with -F.

     next-layout [-t target-window]
                   (alias: nextl)
             Move a window to the next layout and rearrange the panes to fit.

     next-window [-a] [-t target-session]
                   (alias: next)
             Move to the next window in the session.  If -a is used, move to the next window with
             an alert.

     pipe-pane [-IOo] [-t target-pane] [shell-command]
                   (alias: pipep)
             Pipe output sent by the program in target-pane to a shell command or vice versa.  A
             pane may only be connected to one command at a time, any existing pipe is closed be-
             fore shell-command is executed.  The shell-command string may contain the special
             character sequences supported by the status-left option.  If no shell-command is
             given, the current pipe (if any) is closed.

             -I and -O specify which of the shell-command output streams are connected to the
             pane: with -I stdout is connected (so anything shell-command prints is written to
             the pane as if it were typed); with -O stdin is connected (so any output in the pane
             is piped to shell-command).  Both may be used together and if neither are specified,
             -O is used.

             The -o option only opens a new pipe if no previous pipe exists, allowing a pipe to
             be toggled with a single key, for example:

                   bind-key C-p pipe-pane -o 'cat >>~/output.#I-#P'

     previous-layout [-t target-window]
                   (alias: prevl)
             Move to the previous layout in the session.

     previous-window [-a] [-t target-session]
                   (alias: prev)
             Move to the previous window in the session.  With -a, move to the previous window
             with an alert.

     rename-window [-t target-window] new-name
                   (alias: renamew)
             Rename the current window, or the window at target-window if specified, to new-name.

     resize-pane [-DLMRTUZ] [-t target-pane] [-x width] [-y height] [adjustment]
                   (alias: resizep)
             Resize a pane, up, down, left or right by adjustment with -U, -D, -L or -R, or to an
             absolute size with -x or -y.  The adjustment is given in lines or columns (the de-
             fault is 1); -x and -y may be a given as a number of lines or columns or followed by
             '%' for a percentage of the window size (for example '-x 10%').  With -Z, the active
             pane is toggled between zoomed (occupying the whole of the window) and unzoomed (its
             normal position in the layout).

             -M begins mouse resizing (only valid if bound to a mouse key binding, see MOUSE
             SUPPORT).

             -T trims all lines below the current cursor position and moves lines out of the his-
             tory to replace them.

     resize-window [-aADLRU] [-t target-window] [-x width] [-y height] [adjustment]
                   (alias: resizew)
             Resize a window, up, down, left or right by adjustment with -U, -D, -L or -R, or to
             an absolute size with -x or -y.  The adjustment is given in lines or cells (the de-
             fault is 1).  -A sets the size of the largest session containing the window; -a the
             size of the smallest.  This command will automatically set window-size to manual in
             the window options.

     respawn-pane [-k] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-t target-pane] [shell-command]
                   (alias: respawnp)
             Reactivate a pane in which the command has exited (see the remain-on-exit window op-
             tion).  If shell-command is not given, the command used when the pane was created or
             last respawned is executed.  The pane must be already inactive, unless -k is given,
             in which case any existing command is killed.  -c specifies a new working directory
             for the pane.  The -e option has the same meaning as for the new-window command.

     respawn-window [-k] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-t target-window] [shell-command]
                   (alias: respawnw)
             Reactivate a window in which the command has exited (see the remain-on-exit window
             option).  If shell-command is not given, the command used when the window was cre-
             ated or last respawned is executed.  The window must be already inactive, unless -k
             is given, in which case any existing command is killed.  -c specifies a new working
             directory for the window.  The -e option has the same meaning as for the new-window
             command.

     rotate-window [-DUZ] [-t target-window]
                   (alias: rotatew)
             Rotate the positions of the panes within a window, either upward (numerically lower)
             with -U or downward (numerically higher).  -Z keeps the window zoomed if it was
             zoomed.

     select-layout [-Enop] [-t target-pane] [layout-name]
                   (alias: selectl)
             Choose a specific layout for a window.  If layout-name is not given, the last preset
             layout used (if any) is reapplied.  -n and -p are equivalent to the next-layout and
             previous-layout commands.  -o applies the last set layout if possible (undoes the
             most recent layout change).  -E spreads the current pane and any panes next to it
             out evenly.

     select-pane [-DdeLlMmRUZ] [-T title] [-t target-pane]
                   (alias: selectp)
             Make pane target-pane the active pane in its window.  If one of -D, -L, -R, or -U is
             used, respectively the pane below, to the left, to the right, or above the target
             pane is used.  -Z keeps the window zoomed if it was zoomed.  -l is the same as using
             the last-pane command.  -e enables or -d disables input to the pane.  -T sets the
             pane title.

             -m and -M are used to set and clear the marked pane.  There is one marked pane at a
             time, setting a new marked pane clears the last.  The marked pane is the default
             target for -s to join-pane, move-pane, swap-pane and swap-window.

     select-window [-lnpT] [-t target-window]
                   (alias: selectw)
             Select the window at target-window.  -l, -n and -p are equivalent to the
             last-window, next-window and previous-window commands.  If -T is given and the se-
             lected window is already the current window, the command behaves like last-window.

     split-window [-bdfhIvPZ] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-l size] [-t target-pane]
             [shell-command] [-F format]
                   (alias: splitw)
             Create a new pane by splitting target-pane: -h does a horizontal split and -v a ver-
             tical split; if neither is specified, -v is assumed.  The -l option specifies the
             size of the new pane in lines (for vertical split) or in columns (for horizontal
             split); size may be followed by '%' to specify a percentage of the available space.
             The -b option causes the new pane to be created to the left of or above target-pane.
             The -f option creates a new pane spanning the full window height (with -h) or full
             window width (with -v), instead of splitting the active pane.  -Z zooms if the win-
             dow is not zoomed, or keeps it zoomed if already zoomed.

             An empty shell-command ('') will create a pane with no command running in it.  Out-
             put can be sent to such a pane with the display-message command.  The -I flag (if
             shell-command is not specified or empty) will create an empty pane and forward any
             output from stdin to it.  For example:

                   $ make 2>&1|tmux splitw -dI &

             All other options have the same meaning as for the new-window command.

     swap-pane [-dDUZ] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-pane]
                   (alias: swapp)
             Swap two panes.  If -U is used and no source pane is specified with -s, dst-pane is
             swapped with the previous pane (before it numerically); -D swaps with the next pane
             (after it numerically).  -d instructs tmux not to change the active pane and -Z
             keeps the window zoomed if it was zoomed.

             If -s is omitted and a marked pane is present (see select-pane -m), the marked pane
             is used rather than the current pane.

     swap-window [-d] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window]
                   (alias: swapw)
             This is similar to link-window, except the source and destination windows are
             swapped.  It is an error if no window exists at src-window.  If -d is given, the new
             window does not become the current window.

             If -s is omitted and a marked pane is present (see select-pane -m), the window con-
             taining the marked pane is used rather than the current window.

     unlink-window [-k] [-t target-window]
                   (alias: unlinkw)
             Unlink target-window.  Unless -k is given, a window may be unlinked only if it is
             linked to multiple sessions - windows may not be linked to no sessions; if -k is
             specified and the window is linked to only one session, it is unlinked and de-
             stroyed.

KEY BINDINGS
     tmux allows a command to be bound to most keys, with or without a prefix key.  When specify-
     ing keys, most represent themselves (for example 'A' to 'Z').  Ctrl keys may be prefixed
     with 'C-' or '^', Shift keys with 'S-' and Alt (meta) with 'M-'.  In addition, the following
     special key names are accepted: Up, Down, Left, Right, BSpace, BTab, DC (Delete), End,
     Enter, Escape, F1 to F12, Home, IC (Insert), NPage/PageDown/PgDn, PPage/PageUp/PgUp, Space,
     and Tab.  Note that to bind the '"' or ''' keys, quotation marks are necessary, for example:

           bind-key '"' split-window
           bind-key "'" new-window

     A command bound to the Any key will execute for all keys which do not have a more specific
     binding.

     Commands related to key bindings are as follows:

     bind-key [-nr] [-N note] [-T key-table] key command [arguments]
                   (alias: bind)
             Bind key key to command.  Keys are bound in a key table.  By default (without -T),
             the key is bound in the prefix key table.  This table is used for keys pressed after
             the prefix key (for example, by default 'c' is bound to new-window in the prefix ta-
             ble, so 'C-b c' creates a new window).  The root table is used for keys pressed
             without the prefix key: binding 'c' to new-window in the root table (not recom-
             mended) means a plain 'c' will create a new window.  -n is an alias for -T root.
             Keys may also be bound in custom key tables and the switch-client -T command used to
             switch to them from a key binding.  The -r flag indicates this key may repeat, see
             the repeat-time option.  -N attaches a note to the key (shown with list-keys -N).

             To view the default bindings and possible commands, see the list-keys command.

     list-keys [-1aN] [-P prefix-string -T key-table] [key]
                   (alias: lsk)
             List key bindings.  There are two forms: the default lists keys as bind-key com-
             mands; -N lists only keys with attached notes and shows only the key and note for
             each key.

             With the default form, all key tables are listed by default.  -T lists only keys in
             key-table.

             With the -N form, only keys in the root and prefix key tables are listed by default;
             -T also lists only keys in key-table.  -P specifies a prefix to print before each
             key and -1 lists only the first matching key.  -a lists the command for keys that do
             not have a note rather than skipping them.

     send-keys [-FHlMRX] [-N repeat-count] [-t target-pane] key ...
                   (alias: send)
             Send a key or keys to a window.  Each argument key is the name of the key (such as
             'C-a' or 'NPage') to send; if the string is not recognised as a key, it is sent as a
             series of characters.  All arguments are sent sequentially from first to last.

             The -l flag disables key name lookup and processes the keys as literal UTF-8 charac-
             ters.  The -H flag expects each key to be a hexadecimal number for an ASCII charac-
             ter.

             The -R flag causes the terminal state to be reset.

             -M passes through a mouse event (only valid if bound to a mouse key binding, see
             MOUSE SUPPORT).

             -X is used to send a command into copy mode - see the WINDOWS AND PANES section.  -N
             specifies a repeat count and -F expands formats in arguments where appropriate.

     send-prefix [-2] [-t target-pane]
             Send the prefix key, or with -2 the secondary prefix key, to a window as if it was
             pressed.

     unbind-key [-anq] [-T key-table] key
                   (alias: unbind)
             Unbind the command bound to key.  -n and -T are the same as for bind-key.  If -a is
             present, all key bindings are removed.  The -q option prevents errors being re-
             turned.

OPTIONS
     The appearance and behaviour of tmux may be modified by changing the value of various op-
     tions.  There are four types of option: server options, session options, window options, and
     pane options.

     The tmux server has a set of global server options which do not apply to any particular win-
     dow or session or pane.  These are altered with the set-option -s command, or displayed with
     the show-options -s command.

     In addition, each individual session may have a set of session options, and there is a sepa-
     rate set of global session options.  Sessions which do not have a particular option config-
     ured inherit the value from the global session options.  Session options are set or unset
     with the set-option command and may be listed with the show-options command.  The available
     server and session options are listed under the set-option command.

     Similarly, a set of window options is attached to each window and a set of pane options to
     each pane.  Pane options inherit from window options.  This means any pane option may be set
     as a window option to apply the option to all panes in the window without the option set,
     for example these commands will set the background colour to red for all panes except pane
     0:

           set -w window-style bg=red
           set -pt:.0 window-style bg=blue

     There is also a set of global window options from which any unset window or pane options are
     inherited.  Window and pane options are altered with set-option -w and -p commands and dis-
     played with show-option -w and -p.

     tmux also supports user options which are prefixed with a '@'.  User options may have any
     name, so long as they are prefixed with '@', and be set to any string.  For example:

           $ tmux set -wq @foo "abc123"
           $ tmux show -wv @foo
           abc123

     Commands which set options are as follows:

     set-option [-aFgopqsuUw] [-t target-pane] option value
                   (alias: set)
             Set a pane option with -p, a window option with -w, a server option with -s, other-
             wise a session option.  If the option is not a user option, -w or -s may be unneces-
             sary - tmux will infer the type from the option name, assuming -w for pane options.
             If -g is given, the global session or window option is set.

             -F expands formats in the option value.  The -u flag unsets an option, so a session
             inherits the option from the global options (or with -g, restores a global option to
             the default).  -U unsets an option (like -u) but if the option is a pane option also
             unsets the option on any panes in the window.  value depends on the option and may
             be a number, a string, or a flag (on, off, or omitted to toggle).

             The -o flag prevents setting an option that is already set and the -q flag sup-
             presses errors about unknown or ambiguous options.

             With -a, and if the option expects a string or a style, value is appended to the ex-
             isting setting.  For example:

                   set -g status-left "foo"
                   set -ag status-left "bar"

             Will result in 'foobar'.  And:

                   set -g status-style "bg=red"
                   set -ag status-style "fg=blue"

             Will result in a red background and blue foreground.  Without -a, the result would
             be the default background and a blue foreground.

     show-options [-AgHpqsvw] [-t target-pane] [option]
                   (alias: show)
             Show the pane options (or a single option if option is provided) with -p, the window
             options with -w, the server options with -s, otherwise the session options.  If the
             option is not a user option, -w or -s may be unnecessary - tmux will infer the type
             from the option name, assuming -w for pane options.  Global session or window op-
             tions are listed if -g is used.  -v shows only the option value, not the name.  If
             -q is set, no error will be returned if option is unset.  -H includes hooks (omitted
             by default).  -A includes options inherited from a parent set of options, such op-
             tions are marked with an asterisk.

     Available server options are:

     backspace key
             Set the key sent by tmux for backspace.

     buffer-limit number
             Set the number of buffers; as new buffers are added to the top of the stack, old
             ones are removed from the bottom if necessary to maintain this maximum length.

     command-alias[] name=value
             This is an array of custom aliases for commands.  If an unknown command matches
             name, it is replaced with value.  For example, after:

                   set -s command-alias[100] zoom='resize-pane -Z'

             Using:

                   zoom -t:.1

             Is equivalent to:

                   resize-pane -Z -t:.1

             Note that aliases are expanded when a command is parsed rather than when it is exe-
             cuted, so binding an alias with bind-key will bind the expanded form.

     default-terminal terminal
             Set the default terminal for new windows created in this session - the default value
             of the TERM environment variable.  For tmux to work correctly, this must be set to
             'screen', 'tmux' or a derivative of them.

     copy-command shell-command
             Give the command to pipe to if the copy-pipe copy mode command is used without argu-
             ments.

     escape-time time
             Set the time in milliseconds for which tmux waits after an escape is input to deter-
             mine if it is part of a function or meta key sequences.  The default is 500 mil-
             liseconds.

     editor shell-command
             Set the command used when tmux runs an editor.

     exit-empty [on | off]
             If enabled (the default), the server will exit when there are no active sessions.

     exit-unattached [on | off]
             If enabled, the server will exit when there are no attached clients.

     extended-keys [on | off | always]
             When on or always, the escape sequence to enable extended keys is sent to the termi-
             nal, if tmux knows that it is supported.  tmux always recognises extended keys it-
             self.  If this option is on, tmux will only forward extended keys to applications
             when they request them; if always, tmux will always forward the keys.

     focus-events [on | off]
             When enabled, focus events are requested from the terminal if supported and passed
             through to applications running in tmux.  Attached clients should be detached and
             attached again after changing this option.

     history-file path
             If not empty, a file to which tmux will write command prompt history on exit and
             load it from on start.

     message-limit number
             Set the number of error or information messages to save in the message log for each
             client.  The default is 100.

     set-clipboard [on | external | off]
             Attempt to set the terminal clipboard content using the xterm(1) escape sequence, if
             there is an Ms entry in the terminfo(5) description (see the TERMINFO EXTENSIONS
             section).

             If set to on, tmux will both accept the escape sequence to create a buffer and at-
             tempt to set the terminal clipboard.  If set to external, tmux will attempt to set
             the terminal clipboard but ignore attempts by applications to set tmux buffers.  If
             off, tmux will neither accept the clipboard escape sequence nor attempt to set the
             clipboard.

             Note that this feature needs to be enabled in xterm(1) by setting the resource:

                   disallowedWindowOps: 20,21,SetXprop

             Or changing this property from the xterm(1) interactive menu when required.

     terminal-features[] string
             Set terminal features for terminal types read from terminfo(5).  tmux has a set of
             named terminal features.  Each will apply appropriate changes to the terminfo(5) en-
             try in use.

             tmux can detect features for a few common terminals; this option can be used to eas-
             ily tell tmux about features supported by terminals it cannot detect.  The
             terminal-overrides option allows individual terminfo(5) capabilities to be set in-
             stead, terminal-features is intended for classes of functionality supported in a
             standard way but not reported by terminfo(5).  Care must be taken to configure this
             only with features the terminal actually supports.

             This is an array option where each entry is a colon-separated string made up of a
             terminal type pattern (matched using fnmatch(3)) followed by a list of terminal fea-
             tures.  The available features are:

             256     Supports 256 colours with the SGR escape sequences.

             clipboard
                     Allows setting the system clipboard.

             ccolour
                     Allows setting the cursor colour.

             cstyle  Allows setting the cursor style.

             extkeys
                     Supports extended keys.

             focus   Supports focus reporting.

             margins
                     Supports DECSLRM margins.

             mouse   Supports xterm(1) mouse sequences.

             overline
                     Supports the overline SGR attribute.

             rectfill
                     Supports the DECFRA rectangle fill escape sequence.

             RGB     Supports RGB colour with the SGR escape sequences.

             strikethrough
                     Supports the strikethrough SGR escape sequence.

             sync    Supports synchronized updates.

             title   Supports xterm(1) title setting.

             usstyle
                     Allows underscore style and colour to be set.

     terminal-overrides[] string
             Allow terminal descriptions read using terminfo(5) to be overridden.  Each entry is
             a colon-separated string made up of a terminal type pattern (matched using
             fnmatch(3)) and a set of name=value entries.

             For example, to set the 'clear' terminfo(5) entry to '\e[H\e[2J' for all terminal
             types matching 'rxvt*':

                   rxvt*:clear=\e[H\e[2J

             The terminal entry value is passed through strunvis(3) before interpretation.

     user-keys[] key
             Set list of user-defined key escape sequences.  Each item is associated with a key
             named 'User0', 'User1', and so on.

             For example:

                   set -s user-keys[0] "\e[5;30012~"
                   bind User0 resize-pane -L 3

     Available session options are:

     activity-action [any | none | current | other]
             Set action on window activity when monitor-activity is on.  any means activity in
             any window linked to a session causes a bell or message (depending on
             visual-activity) in the current window of that session, none means all activity is
             ignored (equivalent to monitor-activity being off), current means only activity in
             windows other than the current window are ignored and other means activity in the
             current window is ignored but not those in other windows.

     assume-paste-time milliseconds
             If keys are entered faster than one in milliseconds, they are assumed to have been
             pasted rather than typed and tmux key bindings are not processed.  The default is
             one millisecond and zero disables.

     base-index index
             Set the base index from which an unused index should be searched when a new window
             is created.  The default is zero.

     bell-action [any | none | current | other]
             Set action on a bell in a window when monitor-bell is on.  The values are the same
             as those for activity-action.

     default-command shell-command
             Set the command used for new windows (if not specified when the window is created)
             to shell-command, which may be any sh(1) command.  The default is an empty string,
             which instructs tmux to create a login shell using the value of the default-shell
             option.

     default-shell path
             Specify the default shell.  This is used as the login shell for new windows when the
             default-command option is set to empty, and must be the full path of the executable.
             When started tmux tries to set a default value from the first suitable of the SHELL
             environment variable, the shell returned by getpwuid(3), or /bin/sh.  This option
             should be configured when tmux is used as a login shell.

     default-size XxY
             Set the default size of new windows when the window-size option is set to manual or
             when a session is created with new-session -d.  The value is the width and height
             separated by an 'x' character.  The default is 80x24.

     destroy-unattached [on | off]
             If enabled and the session is no longer attached to any clients, it is destroyed.

     detach-on-destroy [off | on | no-detached]
             If on (the default), the client is detached when the session it is attached to is
             destroyed.  If off, the client is switched to the most recently active of the re-
             maining sessions.  If no-detached, the client is detached only if there are no de-
             tached sessions; if detached sessions exist, the client is switched to the most re-
             cently active.

     display-panes-active-colour colour
             Set the colour used by the display-panes command to show the indicator for the ac-
             tive pane.

     display-panes-colour colour
             Set the colour used by the display-panes command to show the indicators for inactive
             panes.

     display-panes-time time
             Set the time in milliseconds for which the indicators shown by the display-panes
             command appear.

     display-time time
             Set the amount of time for which status line messages and other on-screen indicators
             are displayed.  If set to 0, messages and indicators are displayed until a key is
             pressed.  time is in milliseconds.

     history-limit lines
             Set the maximum number of lines held in window history.  This setting applies only
             to new windows - existing window histories are not resized and retain the limit at
             the point they were created.

     key-table key-table
             Set the default key table to key-table instead of root.

     lock-after-time number
             Lock the session (like the lock-session command) after number seconds of inactivity.
             The default is not to lock (set to 0).

     lock-command shell-command
             Command to run when locking each client.  The default is to run lock(1) with -np.

     message-command-style style
             Set status line message command style.  This is used for the command prompt with
             vi(1) keys when in command mode.  For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.

     message-style style
             Set status line message style.  This is used for messages and for the command
             prompt.  For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.

     mouse [on | off]
             If on, tmux captures the mouse and allows mouse events to be bound as key bindings.
             See the MOUSE SUPPORT section for details.

     prefix key
             Set the key accepted as a prefix key.  In addition to the standard keys described
             under KEY BINDINGS, prefix can be set to the special key 'None' to set no prefix.

     prefix2 key
             Set a secondary key accepted as a prefix key.  Like prefix, prefix2 can be set to
             'None'.

     renumber-windows [on | off]
             If on, when a window is closed in a session, automatically renumber the other win-
             dows in numerical order.  This respects the base-index option if it has been set.
             If off, do not renumber the windows.

     repeat-time time
             Allow multiple commands to be entered without pressing the prefix-key again in the
             specified time milliseconds (the default is 500).  Whether a key repeats may be set
             when it is bound using the -r flag to bind-key.  Repeat is enabled for the default
             keys bound to the resize-pane command.

     set-titles [on | off]
             Attempt to set the client terminal title using the tsl and fsl terminfo(5) entries
             if they exist.  tmux automatically sets these to the \e]0;...\007 sequence if the
             terminal appears to be xterm(1).  This option is off by default.

     set-titles-string string
             String used to set the client terminal title if set-titles is on.  Formats are ex-
             panded, see the FORMATS section.

     silence-action [any | none | current | other]
             Set action on window silence when monitor-silence is on.  The values are the same as
             those for activity-action.

     status [off | on | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5]
             Show or hide the status line or specify its size.  Using on gives a status line one
             row in height; 2, 3, 4 or 5 more rows.

     status-format[] format
             Specify the format to be used for each line of the status line.  The default builds
             the top status line from the various individual status options below.

     status-interval interval
             Update the status line every interval seconds.  By default, updates will occur every
             15 seconds.  A setting of zero disables redrawing at interval.

     status-justify [left | centre | right | absolute-centre]
             Set the position of the window list in the status line: left, centre or right.  cen-
             tre puts the window list in the relative centre of the available free space; abso-
             lute-centre uses the centre of the entire horizontal space.

     status-keys [vi | emacs]
             Use vi or emacs-style key bindings in the status line, for example at the command
             prompt.  The default is emacs, unless the VISUAL or EDITOR environment variables are
             set and contain the string 'vi'.

     status-left string
             Display string (by default the session name) to the left of the status line.  string
             will be passed through strftime(3).  Also see the FORMATS and STYLES sections.

             For details on how the names and titles can be set see the NAMES AND TITLES section.

             Examples are:

                   #(sysctl vm.loadavg)
                   #[fg=yellow,bold]#(apm -l)%%#[default] [#S]

             The default is '[#S] '.

     status-left-length length
             Set the maximum length of the left component of the status line.  The default is 10.

     status-left-style style
             Set the style of the left part of the status line.  For how to specify style, see
             the STYLES section.

     status-position [top | bottom]
             Set the position of the status line.

     status-right string
             Display string to the right of the status line.  By default, the current pane title
             in double quotes, the date and the time are shown.  As with status-left, string will
             be passed to strftime(3) and character pairs are replaced.

     status-right-length length
             Set the maximum length of the right component of the status line.  The default is
             40.

     status-right-style style
             Set the style of the right part of the status line.  For how to specify style, see
             the STYLES section.

     status-style style
             Set status line style.  For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.

     update-environment[] variable
             Set list of environment variables to be copied into the session environment when a
             new session is created or an existing session is attached.  Any variables that do
             not exist in the source environment are set to be removed from the session environ-
             ment (as if -r was given to the set-environment command).

     visual-activity [on | off | both]
             If on, display a message instead of sending a bell when activity occurs in a window
             for which the monitor-activity window option is enabled.  If set to both, a bell and
             a message are produced.

     visual-bell [on | off | both]
             If on, a message is shown on a bell in a window for which the monitor-bell window
             option is enabled instead of it being passed through to the terminal (which normally
             makes a sound).  If set to both, a bell and a message are produced.  Also see the
             bell-action option.

     visual-silence [on | off | both]
             If monitor-silence is enabled, prints a message after the interval has expired on a
             given window instead of sending a bell.  If set to both, a bell and a message are
             produced.

     word-separators string
             Sets the session's conception of what characters are considered word separators, for
             the purposes of the next and previous word commands in copy mode.  The default is
             ' -_@'.

     Available window options are:

     aggressive-resize [on | off]
             Aggressively resize the chosen window.  This means that tmux will resize the window
             to the size of the smallest or largest session (see the window-size option) for
             which it is the current window, rather than the session to which it is attached.
             The window may resize when the current window is changed on another session; this
             option is good for full-screen programs which support SIGWINCH and poor for interac-
             tive programs such as shells.

     automatic-rename [on | off]
             Control automatic window renaming.  When this setting is enabled, tmux will rename
             the window automatically using the format specified by automatic-rename-format.
             This flag is automatically disabled for an individual window when a name is speci-
             fied at creation with new-window or new-session, or later with rename-window, or
             with a terminal escape sequence.  It may be switched off globally with:

                   set-option -wg automatic-rename off

     automatic-rename-format format
             The format (see FORMATS) used when the automatic-rename option is enabled.

     clock-mode-colour colour
             Set clock colour.

     clock-mode-style [12 | 24]
             Set clock hour format.

     main-pane-height height
     main-pane-width width
             Set the width or height of the main (left or top) pane in the main-horizontal or
             main-vertical layouts.  If suffixed by '%', this is a percentage of the window size.

     copy-mode-match-style style
             Set the style of search matches in copy mode.  For how to specify style, see the
             STYLES section.

     copy-mode-mark-style style
             Set the style of the line containing the mark in copy mode.  For how to specify
             style, see the STYLES section.

     copy-mode-current-match-style style
             Set the style of the current search match in copy mode.  For how to specify style,
             see the STYLES section.

     mode-keys [vi | emacs]
             Use vi or emacs-style key bindings in copy mode.  The default is emacs, unless
             VISUAL or EDITOR contains 'vi'.

     mode-style style
             Set window modes style.  For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.

     monitor-activity [on | off]
             Monitor for activity in the window.  Windows with activity are highlighted in the
             status line.

     monitor-bell [on | off]
             Monitor for a bell in the window.  Windows with a bell are highlighted in the status
             line.

     monitor-silence [interval]
             Monitor for silence (no activity) in the window within interval seconds.  Windows
             that have been silent for the interval are highlighted in the status line.  An in-
             terval of zero disables the monitoring.

     other-pane-height height
             Set the height of the other panes (not the main pane) in the main-horizontal layout.
             If this option is set to 0 (the default), it will have no effect.  If both the
             main-pane-height and other-pane-height options are set, the main pane will grow
             taller to make the other panes the specified height, but will never shrink to do so.
             If suffixed by '%', this is a percentage of the window size.

     other-pane-width width
             Like other-pane-height, but set the width of other panes in the main-vertical lay-
             out.

     pane-active-border-style style
             Set the pane border style for the currently active pane.  For how to specify style,
             see the STYLES section.  Attributes are ignored.

     pane-base-index index
             Like base-index, but set the starting index for pane numbers.

     pane-border-format format
             Set the text shown in pane border status lines.

     pane-border-lines type
             Set the type of characters used for drawing pane borders.  type may be one of:

             single  single lines using ACS or UTF-8 characters

             double  double lines using UTF-8 characters

             heavy   heavy lines using UTF-8 characters

             simple  simple ASCII characters

             number  the pane number

             'double' and 'heavy' will fall back to standard ACS line drawing when UTF-8 is not
             supported.

     pane-border-status [off | top | bottom]
             Turn pane border status lines off or set their position.

     pane-border-style style
             Set the pane border style for panes aside from the active pane.  For how to specify
             style, see the STYLES section.  Attributes are ignored.

     window-status-activity-style style
             Set status line style for windows with an activity alert.  For how to specify style,
             see the STYLES section.

     window-status-bell-style style
             Set status line style for windows with a bell alert.  For how to specify style, see
             the STYLES section.

     window-status-current-format string
             Like window-status-format, but is the format used when the window is the current
             window.

     window-status-current-style style
             Set status line style for the currently active window.  For how to specify style,
             see the STYLES section.

     window-status-format string
             Set the format in which the window is displayed in the status line window list.  See
             the FORMATS and STYLES sections.

     window-status-last-style style
             Set status line style for the last active window.  For how to specify style, see the
             STYLES section.

     window-status-separator string
             Sets the separator drawn between windows in the status line.  The default is a sin-
             gle space character.

     window-status-style style
             Set status line style for a single window.  For how to specify style, see the STYLES
             section.

     window-size largest | smallest | manual | latest
             Configure how tmux determines the window size.  If set to largest, the size of the
             largest attached session is used; if smallest, the size of the smallest.  If manual,
             the size of a new window is set from the default-size option and windows are resized
             automatically.  With latest, tmux uses the size of the client that had the most re-
             cent activity.  See also the resize-window command and the aggressive-resize option.

     wrap-search [on | off]
             If this option is set, searches will wrap around the end of the pane contents.  The
             default is on.

     Available pane options are:

     allow-rename [on | off]
             Allow programs in the pane to change the window name using a terminal escape se-
             quence (\ek...\e\\).

     alternate-screen [on | off]
             This option configures whether programs running inside the pane may use the terminal
             alternate screen feature, which allows the smcup and rmcup terminfo(5) capabilities.
             The alternate screen feature preserves the contents of the window when an interac-
             tive application starts and restores it on exit, so that any output visible before
             the application starts reappears unchanged after it exits.

     remain-on-exit [on | off | failed]
             A pane with this flag set is not destroyed when the program running in it exits.  If
             set to failed, then only when the program exit status is not zero.  The pane may be
             reactivated with the respawn-pane command.

     synchronize-panes [on | off]
             Duplicate input to all other panes in the same window where this option is also on
             (only for panes that are not in any mode).

     window-active-style style
             Set the pane style when it is the active pane.  For how to specify style, see the
             STYLES section.

     window-style style
             Set the pane style.  For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.

HOOKS
     tmux allows commands to run on various triggers, called hooks.  Most tmux commands have an
     after hook and there are a number of hooks not associated with commands.

     Hooks are stored as array options, members of the array are executed in order when the hook
     is triggered.  Like options different hooks may be global or belong to a session, window or
     pane.  Hooks may be configured with the set-hook or set-option commands and displayed with
     show-hooks or show-options -H.  The following two commands are equivalent:

            set-hook -g pane-mode-changed[42] 'set -g status-left-style bg=red'
            set-option -g pane-mode-changed[42] 'set -g status-left-style bg=red'

     Setting a hook without specifying an array index clears the hook and sets the first member
     of the array.

     A command's after hook is run after it completes, except when the command is run as part of
     a hook itself.  They are named with an 'after-' prefix.  For example, the following command
     adds a hook to select the even-vertical layout after every split-window:

           set-hook -g after-split-window "selectl even-vertical"

     All the notifications listed in the CONTROL MODE section are hooks (without any arguments),
     except %exit.  The following additional hooks are available:

     alert-activity          Run when a window has activity.  See monitor-activity.

     alert-bell              Run when a window has received a bell.  See monitor-bell.

     alert-silence           Run when a window has been silent.  See monitor-silence.

     client-attached         Run when a client is attached.

     client-detached         Run when a client is detached

     client-resized          Run when a client is resized.

     client-session-changed  Run when a client's attached session is changed.

     pane-died               Run when the program running in a pane exits, but remain-on-exit is
                             on so the pane has not closed.

     pane-exited             Run when the program running in a pane exits.

     pane-focus-in           Run when the focus enters a pane, if the focus-events option is on.

     pane-focus-out          Run when the focus exits a pane, if the focus-events option is on.

     pane-set-clipboard      Run when the terminal clipboard is set using the xterm(1) escape se-
                             quence.

     session-created         Run when a new session created.

     session-closed          Run when a session closed.

     session-renamed         Run when a session is renamed.

     window-linked           Run when a window is linked into a session.

     window-renamed          Run when a window is renamed.

     window-unlinked         Run when a window is unlinked from a session.

     Hooks are managed with these commands:

     set-hook [-agpRuw] [-t target-pane] hook-name command
             Without -R, sets (or with -u unsets) hook hook-name to command.  The flags are the
             same as for set-option.

             With -R, run hook-name immediately.

     show-hooks [-gpw] [-t target-pane]
             Shows hooks.  The flags are the same as for show-options.

MOUSE SUPPORT
     If the mouse option is on (the default is off), tmux allows mouse events to be bound as
     keys.  The name of each key is made up of a mouse event (such as 'MouseUp1') and a location
     suffix, one of the following:

           Pane             the contents of a pane
           Border           a pane border
           Status           the status line window list
           StatusLeft       the left part of the status line
           StatusRight      the right part of the status line
           StatusDefault    any other part of the status line

     The following mouse events are available:

           WheelUp       WheelDown
           MouseDown1    MouseUp1      MouseDrag1   MouseDragEnd1
           MouseDown2    MouseUp2      MouseDrag2   MouseDragEnd2
           MouseDown3    MouseUp3      MouseDrag3   MouseDragEnd3
           SecondClick1  SecondClick2  SecondClick3
           DoubleClick1  DoubleClick2  DoubleClick3
           TripleClick1  TripleClick2  TripleClick3

     The 'SecondClick' events are fired for the second click of a double click, even if there may
     be a third click which will fire 'TripleClick' instead of 'DoubleClick'.

     Each should be suffixed with a location, for example 'MouseDown1Status'.

     The special token '{mouse}' or '=' may be used as target-window or target-pane in commands
     bound to mouse key bindings.  It resolves to the window or pane over which the mouse event
     took place (for example, the window in the status line over which button 1 was released for
     a 'MouseUp1Status' binding, or the pane over which the wheel was scrolled for a
     'WheelDownPane' binding).

     The send-keys -M flag may be used to forward a mouse event to a pane.

     The default key bindings allow the mouse to be used to select and resize panes, to copy text
     and to change window using the status line.  These take effect if the mouse option is turned
     on.

FORMATS
     Certain commands accept the -F flag with a format argument.  This is a string which controls
     the output format of the command.  Format variables are enclosed in '#{' and '}', for exam-
     ple '#{session_name}'.  The possible variables are listed in the table below, or the name of
     a tmux option may be used for an option's value.  Some variables have a shorter alias such
     as '#S'; '##' is replaced by a single '#', '#,' by a ',' and '#}' by a '}'.

     Conditionals are available by prefixing with '?' and separating two alternatives with a
     comma; if the specified variable exists and is not zero, the first alternative is chosen,
     otherwise the second is used.  For example '#{?session_attached,attached,not attached}' will
     include the string 'attached' if the session is attached and the string 'not attached' if it
     is unattached, or '#{?automatic-rename,yes,no}' will include 'yes' if automatic-rename is
     enabled, or 'no' if not.  Conditionals can be nested arbitrarily.  Inside a conditional, ','
     and '}' must be escaped as '#,' and '#}', unless they are part of a '#{...}' replacement.
     For example:

           #{?pane_in_mode,#[fg=white#,bg=red],#[fg=red#,bg=white]}#W .

     String comparisons may be expressed by prefixing two comma-separated alternatives by '==',
     '!=', '<', '>', '<=' or '>=' and a colon.  For example '#{==:#{host},myhost}' will be re-
     placed by '1' if running on 'myhost', otherwise by '0'.  '||' and '&&' evaluate to true if
     either or both of two comma-separated alternatives are true, for example
     '#{||:#{pane_in_mode},#{alternate_on}}'.

     An 'm' specifies an fnmatch(3) or regular expression comparison.  The first argument is the
     pattern and the second the string to compare.  An optional argument specifies flags: 'r'
     means the pattern is a regular expression instead of the default fnmatch(3) pattern, and 'i'
     means to ignore case.  For example: '#{m:*foo*,#{host}}' or '#{m/ri:^A,MYVAR}'.  A 'C' per-
     forms a search for an fnmatch(3) pattern or regular expression in the pane content and eval-
     uates to zero if not found, or a line number if found.  Like 'm', an 'r' flag means search
     for a regular expression and 'i' ignores case.  For example: '#{C/r:^Start}'

     Numeric operators may be performed by prefixing two comma-separated alternatives with an 'e'
     and an operator.  An optional 'f' flag may be given after the operator to use floating point
     numbers, otherwise integers are used.  This may be followed by a number giving the number of
     decimal places to use for the result.  The available operators are: addition '+', subtrac-
     tion '-', multiplication '*', division '/', modulus 'm' or '%' (note that '%' must be es-
     caped as '%%' in formats which are also expanded by strftime(3)) and numeric comparison op-
     erators '==', '!=', '<', '<=', '>' and '>='.  For example, '#{e|*|f|4:5.5,3}' multiplies 5.5
     by 3 for a result with four decimal places and '#{e|%%:7,3}' returns the modulus of 7 and 3.
     'a' replaces a numeric argument by its ASCII equivalent, so '#{a:98}' results in 'b'.

     A limit may be placed on the length of the resultant string by prefixing it by an '=', a
     number and a colon.  Positive numbers count from the start of the string and negative from
     the end, so '#{=5:pane_title}' will include at most the first five characters of the pane
     title, or '#{=-5:pane_title}' the last five characters.  A suffix or prefix may be given as
     a second argument - if provided then it is appended or prepended to the string if the length
     has been trimmed, for example '#{=/5/...:pane_title}' will append '...' if the pane title is
     more than five characters.  Similarly, 'p' pads the string to a given width, for example
     '#{p10:pane_title}' will result in a width of at least 10 characters.  A positive width pads
     on the left, a negative on the right.  'n' expands to the length of the variable and 'w' to
     its width when displayed, for example '#{n:window_name}'.

     Prefixing a time variable with 't:' will convert it to a string, so if '#{window_activity}'
     gives '1445765102', '#{t:window_activity}' gives 'Sun Oct 25 09:25:02 2015'.  Adding 'p ('
     '`t/p`') will use shorter but less accurate time format for times in the past.  A custom
     format may be given using an 'f' suffix (note that '%' must be escaped as '%%' if the format
     is separately being passed through strftime(3), for example in the status-left option):
     '#{t/f/%%H#:%%M:window_activity}', see strftime(3).

     The 'b:' and 'd:' prefixes are basename(3) and dirname(3) of the variable respectively.
     'q:' will escape sh(1) special characters or with a 'h' suffix, escape hash characters (so
     '#' becomes '##').  'E:' will expand the format twice, for example '#{E:status-left}' is the
     result of expanding the content of the status-left option rather than the option itself.
     'T:' is like 'E:' but also expands strftime(3) specifiers.  'S:', 'W:' or 'P:' will loop
     over each session, window or pane and insert the format once for each.  For windows and
     panes, two comma-separated formats may be given: the second is used for the current window
     or active pane.  For example, to get a list of windows formatted like the status line:

           #{W:#{E:window-status-format} ,#{E:window-status-current-format} }

     'N:' checks if a window (without any suffix or with the 'w' suffix) or a session (with the
     's' suffix) name exists, for example '`N/w:foo`' is replaced with 1 if a window named 'foo'
     exists.

     A prefix of the form 's/foo/bar/:' will substitute 'foo' with 'bar' throughout.  The first
     argument may be an extended regular expression and a final argument may be 'i' to ignore
     case, for example 's/a(.)/\1x/i:' would change 'abABab' into 'bxBxbx'.

     In addition, the last line of a shell command's output may be inserted using '#()'.  For ex-
     ample, '#(uptime)' will insert the system's uptime.  When constructing formats, tmux does
     not wait for '#()' commands to finish; instead, the previous result from running the same
     command is used, or a placeholder if the command has not been run before.  If the command
     hasn't exited, the most recent line of output will be used, but the status line will not be
     updated more than once a second.  Commands are executed with the tmux global environment set
     (see the GLOBAL AND SESSION ENVIRONMENT section).

     An 'l' specifies that a string should be interpreted literally and not expanded.  For exam-
     ple '#{l:#{?pane_in_mode,yes,no}}' will be replaced by '#{?pane_in_mode,yes,no}'.

     The following variables are available, where appropriate:

     Variable name          Alias    Replaced with
     active_window_index             Index of active window in session
     alternate_on                    1 if pane is in alternate screen
     alternate_saved_x               Saved cursor X in alternate screen
     alternate_saved_y               Saved cursor Y in alternate screen
     buffer_created                  Time buffer created
     buffer_name                     Name of buffer
     buffer_sample                   Sample of start of buffer
     buffer_size                     Size of the specified buffer in bytes
     client_activity                 Time client last had activity
     client_cell_height              Height of each client cell in pixels
     client_cell_width               Width of each client cell in pixels
     client_control_mode             1 if client is in control mode
     client_created                  Time client created
     client_discarded                Bytes discarded when client behind
     client_flags                    List of client flags
     client_height                   Height of client
     client_key_table                Current key table
     client_last_session             Name of the client's last session
     client_name                     Name of client
     client_pid                      PID of client process
     client_prefix                   1 if prefix key has been pressed
     client_readonly                 1 if client is readonly
     client_session                  Name of the client's session
     client_termfeatures             Terminal features of client, if any
     client_termname                 Terminal name of client
     client_termtype                 Terminal type of client, if available
     client_tty                      Pseudo terminal of client
     client_utf8                     1 if client supports UTF-8
     client_width                    Width of client
     client_written                  Bytes written to client
     command                         Name of command in use, if any
     command_list_alias              Command alias if listing commands
     command_list_name               Command name if listing commands
     command_list_usage              Command usage if listing commands
     config_files                    List of configuration files loaded
     copy_cursor_line                Line the cursor is on in copy mode
     copy_cursor_word                Word under cursor in copy mode
     copy_cursor_x                   Cursor X position in copy mode
     copy_cursor_y                   Cursor Y position in copy mode
     current_file                    Current configuration file
     cursor_character                Character at cursor in pane
     cursor_flag                     Pane cursor flag
     cursor_x                        Cursor X position in pane
     cursor_y                        Cursor Y position in pane
     history_bytes                   Number of bytes in window history
     history_limit                   Maximum window history lines
     history_size                    Size of history in lines
     hook                            Name of running hook, if any
     hook_pane                       ID of pane where hook was run, if any
     hook_session                    ID of session where hook was run, if any
     hook_session_name               Name of session where hook was run, if any
     hook_window                     ID of window where hook was run, if any
     hook_window_name                Name of window where hook was run, if any
     host                   #H       Hostname of local host
     host_short             #h       Hostname of local host (no domain name)
     insert_flag                     Pane insert flag
     keypad_cursor_flag              Pane keypad cursor flag
     keypad_flag                     Pane keypad flag
     last_window_index               Index of last window in session
     line                            Line number in the list
     mouse_all_flag                  Pane mouse all flag
     mouse_any_flag                  Pane mouse any flag
     mouse_button_flag               Pane mouse button flag
     mouse_line                      Line under mouse, if any
     mouse_sgr_flag                  Pane mouse SGR flag
     mouse_standard_flag             Pane mouse standard flag
     mouse_utf8_flag                 Pane mouse UTF-8 flag
     mouse_word                      Word under mouse, if any
     mouse_x                         Mouse X position, if any
     mouse_y                         Mouse Y position, if any
     origin_flag                     Pane origin flag
     pane_active                     1 if active pane
     pane_at_bottom                  1 if pane is at the bottom of window
     pane_at_left                    1 if pane is at the left of window
     pane_at_right                   1 if pane is at the right of window
     pane_at_top                     1 if pane is at the top of window
     pane_bg                         Pane background colour
     pane_bottom                     Bottom of pane
     pane_current_command            Current command if available
     pane_current_path               Current path if available
     pane_dead                       1 if pane is dead
     pane_dead_status                Exit status of process in dead pane
     pane_fg                         Pane foreground colour
     pane_format                     1 if format is for a pane
     pane_height                     Height of pane
     pane_id                #D       Unique pane ID
     pane_in_mode                    1 if pane is in a mode
     pane_index             #P       Index of pane
     pane_input_off                  1 if input to pane is disabled
     pane_last                       1 if last pane
     pane_left                       Left of pane
     pane_marked                     1 if this is the marked pane
     pane_marked_set                 1 if a marked pane is set
     pane_mode                       Name of pane mode, if any
     pane_path                       Path of pane (can be set by application)
     pane_pid                        PID of first process in pane
     pane_pipe                       1 if pane is being piped
     pane_right                      Right of pane
     pane_search_string              Last search string in copy mode
     pane_start_command              Command pane started with
     pane_synchronized               1 if pane is synchronized
     pane_tabs                       Pane tab positions
     pane_title             #T       Title of pane (can be set by application)
     pane_top                        Top of pane
     pane_tty                        Pseudo terminal of pane
     pane_width                      Width of pane
     pid                             Server PID
     rectangle_toggle                1 if rectangle selection is activated
     scroll_position                 Scroll position in copy mode
     scroll_region_lower             Bottom of scroll region in pane
     scroll_region_upper             Top of scroll region in pane
     search_match                    Search match if any
     search_present                  1 if search started in copy mode
     selection_active                1 if selection started and changes with the cursor in copy
                                     mode
     selection_end_x                 X position of the end of the selection
     selection_end_y                 Y position of the end of the selection
     selection_present               1 if selection started in copy mode
     selection_start_x               X position of the start of the selection
     selection_start_y               Y position of the start of the selection
     session_activity                Time of session last activity
     session_alerts                  List of window indexes with alerts
     session_attached                Number of clients session is attached to
     session_attached_list           List of clients session is attached to
     session_created                 Time session created
     session_format                  1 if format is for a session
     session_group                   Name of session group
     session_group_attached          Number of clients sessions in group are attached to
     session_group_attached_list     List of clients sessions in group are attached to
     session_group_list              List of sessions in group
     session_group_many_attached     1 if multiple clients attached to sessions in group
     session_group_size              Size of session group
     session_grouped                 1 if session in a group
     session_id                      Unique session ID
     session_last_attached           Time session last attached
     session_many_attached           1 if multiple clients attached
     session_marked                  1 if this session contains the marked pane
     session_name           #S       Name of session
     session_path                    Working directory of session
     session_stack                   Window indexes in most recent order
     session_windows                 Number of windows in session
     socket_path                     Server socket path
     start_time                      Server start time
     version                         Server version
     window_active                   1 if window active
     window_active_clients           Number of clients viewing this window
     window_active_clients_list      List of clients viewing this window
     window_active_sessions          Number of sessions on which this window is active
     window_active_sessions_list     List of sessions on which this window is active
     window_activity                 Time of window last activity
     window_activity_flag            1 if window has activity
     window_bell_flag                1 if window has bell
     window_bigger                   1 if window is larger than client
     window_cell_height              Height of each cell in pixels
     window_cell_width               Width of each cell in pixels
     window_end_flag                 1 if window has the highest index
     window_flags           #F       Window flags with # escaped as ##
     window_raw_flags                Window flags with nothing escaped
     window_format                   1 if format is for a window
     window_height                   Height of window
     window_id                       Unique window ID
     window_index           #I       Index of window
     window_last_flag                1 if window is the last used
     window_layout                   Window layout description, ignoring zoomed window panes
     window_linked                   1 if window is linked across sessions
     window_linked_sessions          Number of sessions this window is linked to
     window_linked_sessions_list     List of sessions this window is linked to
     window_marked_flag              1 if window contains the marked pane
     window_name            #W       Name of window
     window_offset_x                 X offset into window if larger than client
     window_offset_y                 Y offset into window if larger than client
     window_panes                    Number of panes in window
     window_silence_flag             1 if window has silence alert
     window_stack_index              Index in session most recent stack
     window_start_flag               1 if window has the lowest index
     window_visible_layout           Window layout description, respecting zoomed window panes
     window_width                    Width of window
     window_zoomed_flag              1 if window is zoomed
     wrap_flag                       Pane wrap flag

STYLES
     tmux offers various options to specify the colour and attributes of aspects of the inter-
     face, for example status-style for the status line.  In addition, embedded styles may be
     specified in format options, such as status-left, by enclosing them in '#[' and ']'.

     A style may be the single term 'default' to specify the default style (which may come from
     an option, for example status-style in the status line) or a space or comma separated list
     of the following:

     fg=colour
             Set the foreground colour.  The colour is one of: black, red, green, yellow, blue,
             magenta, cyan, white; if supported the bright variants brightred, brightgreen,
             brightyellow; colour0 to colour255 from the 256-colour set; default for the default
             colour; terminal for the terminal default colour; or a hexadecimal RGB string such
             as '#ffffff'.

     bg=colour
             Set the background colour.

     none    Set no attributes (turn off any active attributes).

     acs, bright (or bold), dim, underscore, blink, reverse, hidden, italics, overline,
             strikethrough, double-underscore, curly-underscore, dotted-underscore,
             dashed-underscore
             Set an attribute.  Any of the attributes may be prefixed with 'no' to unset.  acs is
             the terminal alternate character set.

     align=left (or noalign), align=centre, align=right
             Align text to the left, centre or right of the available space if appropriate.

     fill=colour
             Fill the available space with a background colour if appropriate.

     list=on, list=focus, list=left-marker, list=right-marker, nolist
             Mark the position of the various window list components in the status-format option:
             list=on marks the start of the list; list=focus is the part of the list that should
             be kept in focus if the entire list won't fit in the available space (typically the
             current window); list=left-marker and list=right-marker mark the text to be used to
             mark that text has been trimmed from the left or right of the list if there is not
             enough space.

     push-default, pop-default
             Store the current colours and attributes as the default or reset to the previous de-
             fault.  A push-default affects any subsequent use of the default term until a
             pop-default.  Only one default may be pushed (each push-default replaces the previ-
             ous saved default).

     range=left, range=right, range=window|X, norange
             Mark a range in the status-format option.  range=left and range=right are the text
             used for the 'StatusLeft' and 'StatusRight' mouse keys.  range=window|X is the range
             for a window passed to the 'Status' mouse key, where 'X' is a window index.

     Examples are:

           fg=yellow bold underscore blink
           bg=black,fg=default,noreverse

NAMES AND TITLES
     tmux distinguishes between names and titles.  Windows and sessions have names, which may be
     used to specify them in targets and are displayed in the status line and various lists: the
     name is the tmux identifier for a window or session.  Only panes have titles.  A pane's ti-
     tle is typically set by the program running inside the pane using an escape sequence (like
     it would set the xterm(1) window title in X(7)).  Windows themselves do not have titles - a
     window's title is the title of its active pane.  tmux itself may set the title of the termi-
     nal in which the client is running, see the set-titles option.

     A session's name is set with the new-session and rename-session commands.  A window's name
     is set with one of:

     1.      A command argument (such as -n for new-window or new-session).

     2.      An escape sequence (if the allow-rename option is turned on):

                   $ printf '\033kWINDOW_NAME\033\\'

     3.      Automatic renaming, which sets the name to the active command in the window's active
             pane.  See the automatic-rename option.

     When a pane is first created, its title is the hostname.  A pane's title can be set via the
     title setting escape sequence, for example:

           $ printf '\033]2;My Title\033\\'

     It can also be modified with the select-pane -T command.

GLOBAL AND SESSION ENVIRONMENT
     When the server is started, tmux copies the environment into the global environment; in ad-
     dition, each session has a session environment.  When a window is created, the session and
     global environments are merged.  If a variable exists in both, the value from the session
     environment is used.  The result is the initial environment passed to the new process.

     The update-environment session option may be used to update the session environment from the
     client when a new session is created or an old reattached.  tmux also initialises the TMUX
     variable with some internal information to allow commands to be executed from inside, and
     the TERM variable with the correct terminal setting of 'screen'.

     Variables in both session and global environments may be marked as hidden.  Hidden variables
     are not passed into the environment of new processes and instead can only be used by tmux
     itself (for example in formats, see the FORMATS section).

     Commands to alter and view the environment are:

     set-environment [-Fhgru] [-t target-session] name [value]
                   (alias: setenv)
             Set or unset an environment variable.  If -g is used, the change is made in the
             global environment; otherwise, it is applied to the session environment for
             target-session.  If -F is present, then value is expanded as a format.  The -u flag
             unsets a variable.  -r indicates the variable is to be removed from the environment
             before starting a new process.  -h marks the variable as hidden.

     show-environment [-hgs] [-t target-session] [variable]
                   (alias: showenv)
             Display the environment for target-session or the global environment with -g.  If
             variable is omitted, all variables are shown.  Variables removed from the environ-
             ment are prefixed with '-'.  If -s is used, the output is formatted as a set of
             Bourne shell commands.  -h shows hidden variables (omitted by default).

STATUS LINE
     tmux includes an optional status line which is displayed in the bottom line of each termi-
     nal.

     By default, the status line is enabled and one line in height (it may be disabled or made
     multiple lines with the status session option) and contains, from left-to-right: the name of
     the current session in square brackets; the window list; the title of the active pane in
     double quotes; and the time and date.

     Each line of the status line is configured with the status-format option.  The default is
     made of three parts: configurable left and right sections (which may contain dynamic content
     such as the time or output from a shell command, see the status-left, status-left-length,
     status-right, and status-right-length options below), and a central window list.  By de-
     fault, the window list shows the index, name and (if any) flag of the windows present in the
     current session in ascending numerical order.  It may be customised with the
     window-status-format and window-status-current-format options.  The flag is one of the fol-
     lowing symbols appended to the window name:

           Symbol    Meaning
           *         Denotes the current window.
           -         Marks the last window (previously selected).
           #         Window activity is monitored and activity has been detected.
           !         Window bells are monitored and a bell has occurred in the window.
           ~         The window has been silent for the monitor-silence interval.
           M         The window contains the marked pane.
           Z         The window's active pane is zoomed.

     The # symbol relates to the monitor-activity window option.  The window name is printed in
     inverted colours if an alert (bell, activity or silence) is present.

     The colour and attributes of the status line may be configured, the entire status line using
     the status-style session option and individual windows using the window-status-style window
     option.

     The status line is automatically refreshed at interval if it has changed, the interval may
     be controlled with the status-interval session option.

     Commands related to the status line are as follows:

     command-prompt [-1ikNTW] [-I inputs] [-p prompts] [-t target-client] [template]
             Open the command prompt in a client.  This may be used from inside tmux to execute
             commands interactively.

             If template is specified, it is used as the command.  If present, -I is a comma-sep-
             arated list of the initial text for each prompt.  If -p is given, prompts is a
             comma-separated list of prompts which are displayed in order; otherwise a single
             prompt is displayed, constructed from template if it is present, or ':' if not.

             Before the command is executed, the first occurrence of the string '%%' and all oc-
             currences of '%1' are replaced by the response to the first prompt, all '%2' are re-
             placed with the response to the second prompt, and so on for further prompts.  Up to
             nine prompt responses may be replaced ('%1' to '%9').  '%%%' is like '%%' but any
             quotation marks are escaped.

             -1 makes the prompt only accept one key press, in this case the resulting input is a
             single character.  -k is like -1 but the key press is translated to a key name.  -N
             makes the prompt only accept numeric key presses.  -i executes the command every
             time the prompt input changes instead of when the user exits the command prompt.  -T
             tells tmux that the prompt is for a target which affects what completions are of-
             fered when Tab is pressed; -W is similar but indicates the prompt is for a window.

             The following keys have a special meaning in the command prompt, depending on the
             value of the status-keys option:

                   Function                             vi        emacs
                   Cancel command prompt                q         Escape
                   Delete from cursor to start of word            C-w
                   Delete entire command                d         C-u
                   Delete from cursor to end            D         C-k
                   Execute command                      Enter     Enter
                   Get next command from history                  Down
                   Get previous command from history              Up
                   Insert top paste buffer              p         C-y
                   Look for completions                 Tab       Tab
                   Move cursor left                     h         Left
                   Move cursor right                    l         Right
                   Move cursor to end                   $         C-e
                   Move cursor to next word             w         M-f
                   Move cursor to previous word         b         M-b
                   Move cursor to start                 0         C-a
                   Transpose characters                           C-t

     confirm-before [-p prompt] [-t target-client] command
                   (alias: confirm)
             Ask for confirmation before executing command.  If -p is given, prompt is the prompt
             to display; otherwise a prompt is constructed from command.  It may contain the spe-
             cial character sequences supported by the status-left option.

             This command works only from inside tmux.

     display-menu [-O] [-c target-client] [-t target-pane] [-T title] [-x position] [-y position]
             name key command ...
                   (alias: menu)
             Display a menu on target-client.  target-pane gives the target for any commands run
             from the menu.

             A menu is passed as a series of arguments: first the menu item name, second the key
             shortcut (or empty for none) and third the command to run when the menu item is cho-
             sen.  The name and command are formats, see the FORMATS and STYLES sections.  If the
             name begins with a hyphen (-), then the item is disabled (shown dim) and may not be
             chosen.  The name may be empty for a separator line, in which case both the key and
             command should be omitted.

             -T is a format for the menu title (see FORMATS).

             -x and -y give the position of the menu.  Both may be a row or column number, or one
             of the following special values:

                   Value    Flag    Meaning
                   C        Both    The centre of the terminal
                   R        -x      The right side of the terminal
                   P        Both    The bottom left of the pane
                   M        Both    The mouse position
                   W        Both    The window position on the status line
                   S        -y      The line above or below the status line

             Or a format, which is expanded including the following additional variables:

                   Variable name                 Replaced with
                   popup_centre_x                Centered in the client
                   popup_centre_y                Centered in the client
                   popup_height                  Height of menu or popup
                   popup_mouse_bottom            Bottom of at the mouse
                   popup_mouse_centre_x          Horizontal centre at the mouse
                   popup_mouse_centre_y          Vertical centre at the mouse
                   popup_mouse_top               Top at the mouse
                   popup_mouse_x                 Mouse X position
                   popup_mouse_y                 Mouse Y position
                   popup_pane_bottom             Bottom of the pane
                   popup_pane_left               Left of the pane
                   popup_pane_right              Right of the pane
                   popup_pane_top                Top of the pane
                   popup_status_line_y           Above or below the status line
                   popup_width                   Width of menu or popup
                   popup_window_status_line_x    At the window position in status line
                   popup_window_status_line_y    At the status line showing the window

             Each menu consists of items followed by a key shortcut shown in brackets.  If the
             menu is too large to fit on the terminal, it is not displayed.  Pressing the key
             shortcut chooses the corresponding item.  If the mouse is enabled and the menu is
             opened from a mouse key binding, releasing the mouse button with an item selected
             chooses that item and releasing the mouse button without an item selected closes the
             menu.  -O changes this behaviour so that the menu does not close when the mouse but-
             ton is released without an item selected the menu is not closed and a mouse button
             must be clicked to choose an item.

             The following keys are also available:

                   Key    Function
                   Enter  Choose selected item
                   Up     Select previous item
                   Down   Select next item
                   q      Exit menu

     display-message [-aINpv] [-c target-client] [-d delay] [-t target-pane] [message]
                   (alias: display)
             Display a message.  If -p is given, the output is printed to stdout, otherwise it is
             displayed in the target-client status line for up to delay milliseconds.  If delay
             is not given, the message-time option is used; a delay of zero waits for a key
             press.  'N' ignores key presses and closes only after the delay expires.  The format
             of message is described in the FORMATS section; information is taken from
             target-pane if -t is given, otherwise the active pane.

             -v prints verbose logging as the format is parsed and -a lists the format variables
             and their values.

             -I forwards any input read from stdin to the empty pane given by target-pane.

     display-popup [-CE] [-c target-client] [-d start-directory] [-h height] [-t target-pane] [-w
             width] [-x position] [-y position] [shell-command]
                   (alias: popup)
             Display a popup running shell-command on target-client.  A popup is a rectangular
             box drawn over the top of any panes.  Panes are not updated while a popup is
             present.

             -E closes the popup automatically when shell-command exits.  Two -E closes the popup
             only if shell-command exited with success.

             -x and -y give the position of the popup, they have the same meaning as for the
             display-menu command.  -w and -h give the width and height - both may be a percent-
             age (followed by '%').  If omitted, half of the terminal size is used.

             The -C flag closes any popup on the client.

BUFFERS
     tmux maintains a set of named paste buffers.  Each buffer may be either explicitly or auto-
     matically named.  Explicitly named buffers are named when created with the set-buffer or
     load-buffer commands, or by renaming an automatically named buffer with set-buffer -n.  Au-
     tomatically named buffers are given a name such as 'buffer0001', 'buffer0002' and so on.
     When the buffer-limit option is reached, the oldest automatically named buffer is deleted.
     Explicitly named buffers are not subject to buffer-limit and may be deleted with the
     delete-buffer command.

     Buffers may be added using copy-mode or the set-buffer and load-buffer commands, and pasted
     into a window using the paste-buffer command.  If a buffer command is used and no buffer is
     specified, the most recently added automatically named buffer is assumed.

     A configurable history buffer is also maintained for each window.  By default, up to 2000
     lines are kept; this can be altered with the history-limit option (see the set-option com-
     mand above).

     The buffer commands are as follows:

     choose-buffer [-NZr] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] [-O sort-order] [-t
             target-pane] [template]
             Put a pane into buffer mode, where a buffer may be chosen interactively from a list.
             Each buffer is shown on one line.  A shortcut key is shown on the left in brackets
             allowing for immediate choice, or the list may be navigated and an item chosen or
             otherwise manipulated using the keys below.  -Z zooms the pane.  The following keys
             may be used in buffer mode:

                   Key    Function
                   Enter  Paste selected buffer
                   Up     Select previous buffer
                   Down   Select next buffer
                   C-s    Search by name or content
                   n      Repeat last search
                   t      Toggle if buffer is tagged
                   T      Tag no buffers
                   C-t    Tag all buffers
                   p      Paste selected buffer
                   P      Paste tagged buffers
                   d      Delete selected buffer
                   D      Delete tagged buffers
                   e      Open the buffer in an editor
                   f      Enter a format to filter items
                   O      Change sort field
                   r      Reverse sort order
                   v      Toggle preview
                   q      Exit mode

             After a buffer is chosen, '%%' is replaced by the buffer name in template and the
             result executed as a command.  If template is not given, "paste-buffer -b '%%'" is
             used.

             -O specifies the initial sort field: one of 'time', 'name' or 'size'.  -r reverses
             the sort order.  -f specifies an initial filter: the filter is a format - if it
             evaluates to zero, the item in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown.  If a
             filter would lead to an empty list, it is ignored.  -F specifies the format for each
             item in the list and -K a format for each shortcut key; both are evaluated once for
             each line.  -N starts without the preview.  This command works only if at least one
             client is attached.

     clear-history [-t target-pane]
                   (alias: clearhist)
             Remove and free the history for the specified pane.

     delete-buffer [-b buffer-name]
                   (alias: deleteb)
             Delete the buffer named buffer-name, or the most recently added automatically named
             buffer if not specified.

     list-buffers [-F format] [-f filter]
                   (alias: lsb)
             List the global buffers.  -F specifies the format of each line and -f a filter.
             Only buffers for which the filter is true are shown.  See the FORMATS section.

     load-buffer [-w] [-b buffer-name] [-t target-client] path
                   (alias: loadb)
             Load the contents of the specified paste buffer from path.  If -w is given, the buf-
             fer is also sent to the clipboard for target-client using the xterm(1) escape se-
             quence, if possible.

     paste-buffer [-dpr] [-b buffer-name] [-s separator] [-t target-pane]
                   (alias: pasteb)
             Insert the contents of a paste buffer into the specified pane.  If not specified,
             paste into the current one.  With -d, also delete the paste buffer.  When output,
             any linefeed (LF) characters in the paste buffer are replaced with a separator, by
             default carriage return (CR).  A custom separator may be specified using the -s
             flag.  The -r flag means to do no replacement (equivalent to a separator of LF).  If
             -p is specified, paste bracket control codes are inserted around the buffer if the
             application has requested bracketed paste mode.

     save-buffer [-a] [-b buffer-name] path
                   (alias: saveb)
             Save the contents of the specified paste buffer to path.  The -a option appends to
             rather than overwriting the file.

     set-buffer [-aw] [-b buffer-name] [-t target-client] [-n new-buffer-name] data
                   (alias: setb)
             Set the contents of the specified buffer to data.  If -w is given, the buffer is
             also sent to the clipboard for target-client using the xterm(1) escape sequence, if
             possible.  The -a option appends to rather than overwriting the buffer.  The -n op-
             tion renames the buffer to new-buffer-name.

     show-buffer [-b buffer-name]
                   (alias: showb)
             Display the contents of the specified buffer.

MISCELLANEOUS
     Miscellaneous commands are as follows:

     clock-mode [-t target-pane]
             Display a large clock.

     if-shell [-bF] [-t target-pane] shell-command command [command]
                   (alias: if)
             Execute the first command if shell-command returns success or the second command
             otherwise.  Before being executed, shell-command is expanded using the rules speci-
             fied in the FORMATS section, including those relevant to target-pane.  With -b,
             shell-command is run in the background.

             If -F is given, shell-command is not executed but considered success if neither
             empty nor zero (after formats are expanded).

     lock-server
                   (alias: lock)
             Lock each client individually by running the command specified by the lock-command
             option.

     run-shell [-bC] [-d delay] [-t target-pane] [shell-command]
                   (alias: run)
             Execute shell-command or (with -C) a tmux command in the background without creating
             a window.  Before being executed, shell-command is expanded using the rules speci-
             fied in the FORMATS section.  With -b, the command is run in the background.  -d
             waits for delay seconds before starting the command.  If -C is not given, any output
             to stdout is displayed in view mode (in the pane specified by -t or the current pane
             if omitted) after the command finishes.  If the command fails, the exit status is
             also displayed.

     wait-for [-L | -S | -U] channel
                   (alias: wait)
             When used without options, prevents the client from exiting until woken using
             wait-for -S with the same channel.  When -L is used, the channel is locked and any
             clients that try to lock the same channel are made to wait until the channel is un-
             locked with wait-for -U.

EXIT MESSAGES
     When a tmux client detaches, it prints a message.  This may be one of:

     detached (from session ...)
             The client was detached normally.

     detached and SIGHUP
             The client was detached and its parent sent the SIGHUP signal (for example with
             detach-client -P).

     lost tty
             The client's tty(4) or pty(4) was unexpectedly destroyed.

     terminated
             The client was killed with SIGTERM.

     too far behind
             The client is in control mode and became unable to keep up with the data from tmux.

     exited  The server exited when it had no sessions.

     server exited
             The server exited when it received SIGTERM.

     server exited unexpectedly
             The server crashed or otherwise exited without telling the client the reason.

TERMINFO EXTENSIONS
     tmux understands some unofficial extensions to terminfo(5).  It is not normally necessary to
     set these manually, instead the terminal-features option should be used.

     AX      An existing extension that tells tmux the terminal supports default colours.

     Bidi    Tell tmux that the terminal supports the VTE bidirectional text extensions.

     Cs, Cr  Set the cursor colour.  The first takes a single string argument and is used to set
             the colour; the second takes no arguments and restores the default cursor colour.
             If set, a sequence such as this may be used to change the cursor colour from inside
             tmux:

                   $ printf '\033]12;red\033\\'

     Cmg, Clmg, Dsmg, Enmg
             Set, clear, disable or enable DECSLRM margins.  These are set automatically if the
             terminal reports it is VT420 compatible.

     Dsbp, Enbp
             Disable and enable bracketed paste.  These are set automatically if the XT capabil-
             ity is present.

     Dseks, Eneks
             Disable and enable extended keys.

     Dsfcs, Enfcs
             Disable and enable focus reporting.  These are set automatically if the XT capabil-
             ity is present.

     Rect    Tell tmux that the terminal supports rectangle operations.

     Smol    Enable the overline attribute.

     Smulx   Set a styled underscore.  The single parameter is one of: 0 for no underscore, 1 for
             normal underscore, 2 for double underscore, 3 for curly underscore, 4 for dotted un-
             derscore and 5 for dashed underscore.

     Setulc, ol
             Set the underscore colour or reset to the default.  The argument is (red * 65536) +
             (green * 256) + blue where each is between 0 and 255.

     Ss, Se  Set or reset the cursor style.  If set, a sequence such as this may be used to
             change the cursor to an underline:

                   $ printf '\033[4 q'

             If Se is not set, Ss with argument 0 will be used to reset the cursor style instead.

     Sync    Start (parameter is 1) or end (parameter is 2) a synchronized update.

     Tc      Indicate that the terminal supports the 'direct colour' RGB escape sequence (for ex-
             ample, \e[38;2;255;255;255m).

             If supported, this is used for the initialize colour escape sequence (which may be
             enabled by adding the 'initc' and 'ccc' capabilities to the tmux terminfo(5) entry).

             This is equivalent to the RGB terminfo(5) capability.

     Ms      Store the current buffer in the host terminal's selection (clipboard).  See the
             set-clipboard option above and the xterm(1) man page.

     XT      This is an existing extension capability that tmux uses to mean that the terminal
             supports the xterm(1) title set sequences and to automatically set some of the capa-
             bilities above.

CONTROL MODE
     tmux offers a textual interface called control mode.  This allows applications to communi-
     cate with tmux using a simple text-only protocol.

     In control mode, a client sends tmux commands or command sequences terminated by newlines on
     standard input.  Each command will produce one block of output on standard output.  An out-
     put block consists of a %begin line followed by the output (which may be empty).  The output
     block ends with a %end or %error.  %begin and matching %end or %error have three arguments:
     an integer time (as seconds from epoch), command number and flags (currently not used).  For
     example:

           %begin 1363006971 2 1
           0: ksh* (1 panes) [80x24] [layout b25f,80x24,0,0,2] @2 (active)
           %end 1363006971 2 1

     The refresh-client -C command may be used to set the size of a client in control mode.

     In control mode, tmux outputs notifications.  A notification will never occur inside an out-
     put block.

     The following notifications are defined:

     %client-detached client
             The client has detached.

     %client-session-changed client session-id name
             The client is now attached to the session with ID session-id, which is named name.

     %continue pane-id
             The pane has been continued after being paused (if the pause-after flag is set, see
             refresh-client -A).

     %exit [reason]
             The tmux client is exiting immediately, either because it is not attached to any
             session or an error occurred.  If present, reason describes why the client exited.

     %extended-output pane-id age ... : value
             New form of %output sent when the pause-after flag is set.  age is the time in mil-
             liseconds for which tmux had buffered the output before it was sent.  Any subsequent
             arguments up until a single ':' are for future use and should be ignored.

     %layout-change window-id window-layout window-visible-layout window-flags
             The layout of a window with ID window-id changed.  The new layout is window-layout.
             The window's visible layout is window-visible-layout and the window flags are
             window-flags.

     %output pane-id value
             A window pane produced output.  value escapes non-printable characters and backslash
             as octal \xxx.

     %pane-mode-changed pane-id
             The pane with ID pane-id has changed mode.

     %pause pane-id
             The pane has been paused (if the pause-after flag is set).

     %session-changed session-id name
             The client is now attached to the session with ID session-id, which is named name.

     %session-renamed name
             The current session was renamed to name.

     %session-window-changed session-id window-id
             The session with ID session-id changed its active window to the window with ID
             window-id.

     %sessions-changed
             A session was created or destroyed.

     %subscription-changed name session-id window-id window-index pane-id ... : value
             The value of the format associated with subscription name has changed to value.  See
             refresh-client -B.  Any arguments after pane-id up until a single ':' are for future
             use and should be ignored.

     %unlinked-window-add window-id
             The window with ID window-id was created but is not linked to the current session.

     %window-add window-id
             The window with ID window-id was linked to the current session.

     %window-close window-id
             The window with ID window-id closed.

     %window-pane-changed window-id pane-id
             The active pane in the window with ID window-id changed to the pane with ID pane-id.

     %window-renamed window-id name
             The window with ID window-id was renamed to name.

ENVIRONMENT
     When tmux is started, it inspects the following environment variables:

     EDITOR    If the command specified in this variable contains the string 'vi' and VISUAL is
               unset, use vi-style key bindings.  Overridden by the mode-keys and status-keys op-
               tions.

     HOME      The user's login directory.  If unset, the passwd(5) database is consulted.

     LC_CTYPE  The character encoding locale(1).  It is used for two separate purposes.  For out-
               put to the terminal, UTF-8 is used if the -u option is given or if LC_CTYPE con-
               tains "UTF-8" or "UTF8".  Otherwise, only ASCII characters are written and non-
               ASCII characters are replaced with underscores ('_').  For input, tmux always runs
               with a UTF-8 locale.  If en_US.UTF-8 is provided by the operating system it is
               used and LC_CTYPE is ignored for input.  Otherwise, LC_CTYPE tells tmux what the
               UTF-8 locale is called on the current system.  If the locale specified by LC_CTYPE
               is not available or is not a UTF-8 locale, tmux exits with an error message.

     LC_TIME   The date and time format locale(1).  It is used for locale-dependent strftime(3)
               format specifiers.

     PWD       The current working directory to be set in the global environment.  This may be
               useful if it contains symbolic links.  If the value of the variable does not match
               the current working directory, the variable is ignored and the result of getcwd(3)
               is used instead.

     SHELL     The absolute path to the default shell for new windows.  See the default-shell op-
               tion for details.

     TMUX_TMPDIR
               The parent directory of the directory containing the server sockets.  See the -L
               option for details.

     VISUAL    If the command specified in this variable contains the string 'vi', use vi-style
               key bindings.  Overridden by the mode-keys and status-keys options.

FILES
     ~/.tmux.conf       Default tmux configuration file.
     /etc/tmux.conf     System-wide configuration file.

EXAMPLES
     To create a new tmux session running vi(1):

           $ tmux new-session vi

     Most commands have a shorter form, known as an alias.  For new-session, this is new:

           $ tmux new vi

     Alternatively, the shortest unambiguous form of a command is accepted.  If there are several
     options, they are listed:

           $ tmux n
           ambiguous command: n, could be: new-session, new-window, next-window

     Within an active session, a new window may be created by typing 'C-b c' (Ctrl followed by
     the 'b' key followed by the 'c' key).

     Windows may be navigated with: 'C-b 0' (to select window 0), 'C-b 1' (to select window 1),
     and so on; 'C-b n' to select the next window; and 'C-b p' to select the previous window.

     A session may be detached using 'C-b d' (or by an external event such as ssh(1) disconnec-
     tion) and reattached with:

           $ tmux attach-session

     Typing 'C-b ?' lists the current key bindings in the current window; up and down may be used
     to navigate the list or 'q' to exit from it.

     Commands to be run when the tmux server is started may be placed in the ~/.tmux.conf config-
     uration file.  Common examples include:

     Changing the default prefix key:

           set-option -g prefix C-a
           unbind-key C-b
           bind-key C-a send-prefix

     Turning the status line off, or changing its colour:

           set-option -g status off
           set-option -g status-style bg=blue

     Setting other options, such as the default command, or locking after 30 minutes of inactiv-
     ity:

           set-option -g default-command "exec /bin/ksh"
           set-option -g lock-after-time 1800

     Creating new key bindings:

           bind-key b set-option status
           bind-key / command-prompt "split-window 'exec man %%'"
           bind-key S command-prompt "new-window -n %1 'ssh %1'"

SEE ALSO
     pty(4)

AUTHORS
     Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott AT gmail.com>

BSD                                      December 7, 2024                                     BSD

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