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SYSTEMD.LINK(5)                            systemd.link                           SYSTEMD.LINK(5)

NAME
       systemd.link - Network device configuration

SYNOPSIS
       link.link

DESCRIPTION
       A plain ini-style text file that encodes configuration for matching network devices, used
       by systemd-udevd(8) and in particular its net_setup_link builtin. See systemd.syntax(7)
       for a general description of the syntax.

       The link files are read from the files located in the system network directory
       /lib/systemd/network, the volatile runtime network directory /run/systemd/network, and the
       local administration network directory /etc/systemd/network. Link files must have the
       extension .link; other extensions are ignored. All link files are collectively sorted and
       processed in lexical order, regardless of the directories in which they live. However,
       files with identical filenames replace each other. Files in /etc/ have the highest
       priority, files in /run/ take precedence over files with the same name in /lib/. This can
       be used to override a system-supplied link file with a local file if needed. As a special
       case, an empty file (file size 0) or symlink with the same name pointing to /dev/null
       disables the configuration file entirely (it is "masked").

       Along with the link file foo.link, a "drop-in" directory foo.link.d/ may exist. All files
       with the suffix ".conf" from this directory will be merged in the alphanumeric order and
       parsed after the main file itself has been parsed. This is useful to alter or add
       configuration settings, without having to modify the main configuration file. Each drop-in
       file must have appropriate section headers.

       In addition to /etc/systemd/network, drop-in ".d" directories can be placed in
       /lib/systemd/network or /run/systemd/network directories. Drop-in files in /etc/ take
       precedence over those in /run/ which in turn take precedence over those in /lib/. Drop-in
       files under any of these directories take precedence over the main link file wherever
       located.

       The link file contains a [Match] section, which determines if a given link file may be
       applied to a given device, as well as a [Link] section specifying how the device should be
       configured. The first (in lexical order) of the link files that matches a given device is
       applied. Note that a default file 99-default.link is shipped by the system. Any
       user-supplied .link should hence have a lexically earlier name to be considered at all.

       See udevadm(8) for diagnosing problems with .link files.

[MATCH] SECTION OPTIONS
       A link file is said to match a device if all matches specified by the [Match] section are
       satisfied. When a link file does not contain valid settings in [Match] section, then the
       file will match all devices and systemd-udevd warns about that. Hint: to avoid the warning
       and to make it clear that all interfaces shall be matched, add the following:

           OriginalName=*

       The following keys are accepted:

       MACAddress=
           A whitespace-separated list of hardware addresses. Use full colon-, hyphen- or
           dot-delimited hexadecimal. See the example below. This option may appear more than
           once, in which case the lists are merged. If the empty string is assigned to this
           option, the list of hardware addresses defined prior to this is reset.

           Example:

               MACAddress=01:23:45:67:89:ab 00-11-22-33-44-55 AABB.CCDD.EEFF

       PermanentMACAddress=
           A whitespace-separated list of hardware's permanent addresses. While MACAddress=
           matches the device's current MAC address, this matches the device's permanent MAC
           address, which may be different from the current one. Use full colon-, hyphen- or
           dot-delimited hexadecimal. This option may appear more than once, in which case the
           lists are merged. If the empty string is assigned to this option, the list of hardware
           addresses defined prior to this is reset.

       Path=
           A whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs matching the persistent path, as
           exposed by the udev property ID_PATH.

       Driver=
           A whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs matching the driver currently bound
           to the device, as exposed by the udev property ID_NET_DRIVER of its parent device, or
           if that is not set, the driver as exposed by ethtool -i of the device itself. If the
           list is prefixed with a "!", the test is inverted.

       Type=
           A whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs matching the device type, as exposed
           by networkctl list. If the list is prefixed with a "!", the test is inverted. Some
           valid values are "ether", "loopback", "wlan", "wwan". Valid types are named either
           from the udev "DEVTYPE" attribute, or "ARPHRD_" macros in linux/if_arp.h, so this is
           not comprehensive.

       Property=
           A whitespace-separated list of udev property names with their values after equals sign
           ("="). If multiple properties are specified, the test results are ANDed. If the list
           is prefixed with a "!", the test is inverted. If a value contains white spaces, then
           please quote whole key and value pair. If a value contains quotation, then please
           escape the quotation with "\".

           Example: if a .link file has the following:

               Property=ID_MODEL_ID=9999 "ID_VENDOR_FROM_DATABASE=vendor name" "KEY=with \"quotation\""

           then, the .link file matches only when an interface has all the above three
           properties.

       OriginalName=
           A whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs matching the device name, as exposed
           by the udev property "INTERFACE". This cannot be used to match on names that have
           already been changed from userspace. Caution is advised when matching on
           kernel-assigned names, as they are known to be unstable between reboots.

       Host=
           Matches against the hostname or machine ID of the host. See ConditionHost= in
           systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an exclamation mark ("!"), the result
           is negated. If an empty string is assigned, then previously assigned value is cleared.

       Virtualization=
           Checks whether the system is executed in a virtualized environment and optionally test
           whether it is a specific implementation. See ConditionVirtualization= in
           systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an exclamation mark ("!"), the result
           is negated. If an empty string is assigned, then previously assigned value is cleared.

       KernelCommandLine=
           Checks whether a specific kernel command line option is set. See
           ConditionKernelCommandLine= in systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an
           exclamation mark ("!"), the result is negated. If an empty string is assigned, then
           previously assigned value is cleared.

       KernelVersion=
           Checks whether the kernel version (as reported by uname -r) matches a certain
           expression. See ConditionKernelVersion= in systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed
           with an exclamation mark ("!"), the result is negated. If an empty string is assigned,
           then previously assigned value is cleared.

       Architecture=
           Checks whether the system is running on a specific architecture. See
           ConditionArchitecture= in systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an
           exclamation mark ("!"), the result is negated. If an empty string is assigned, then
           previously assigned value is cleared.

       Firmware=
           Checks whether the system is running on a machine with the specified firmware. See
           ConditionFirmware= in systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an exclamation
           mark ("!"), the result is negated. If an empty string is assigned, then previously
           assigned value is cleared.

[LINK] SECTION OPTIONS
       The [Link] section accepts the following keys:

       Description=
           A description of the device.

       Alias=
           The ifalias interface property is set to this value.

       MACAddressPolicy=
           The policy by which the MAC address should be set. The available policies are:

           persistent
               If the hardware has a persistent MAC address, as most hardware should, and if it
               is used by the kernel, nothing is done. Otherwise, a new MAC address is generated
               which is guaranteed to be the same on every boot for the given machine and the
               given device, but which is otherwise random. This feature depends on ID_NET_NAME_*
               properties to exist for the link. On hardware where these properties are not set,
               the generation of a persistent MAC address will fail.

           random
               If the kernel is using a random MAC address, nothing is done. Otherwise, a new
               address is randomly generated each time the device appears, typically at boot.
               Either way, the random address will have the "unicast" and "locally administered"
               bits set.

           none
               Keeps the MAC address assigned by the kernel. Or use the MAC address specified in
               MACAddress=.

           An empty string assignment is equivalent to setting "none".

       MACAddress=
           The interface MAC address to use. For this setting to take effect, MACAddressPolicy=
           must either be unset, empty, or "none".

       NamePolicy=
           An ordered, space-separated list of policies by which the interface name should be
           set.  NamePolicy= may be disabled by specifying net.ifnames=0 on the kernel command
           line. Each of the policies may fail, and the first successful one is used. The name is
           not set directly, but is exported to udev as the property ID_NET_NAME, which is, by
           default, used by a udev(7), rule to set NAME. The available policies are:

           kernel
               If the kernel claims that the name it has set for a device is predictable, then no
               renaming is performed.

           database
               The name is set based on entries in the udev's Hardware Database with the key
               ID_NET_NAME_FROM_DATABASE.

           onboard
               The name is set based on information given by the firmware for on-board devices,
               as exported by the udev property ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD. See systemd.net-naming-
               scheme(7).

           slot
               The name is set based on information given by the firmware for hot-plug devices,
               as exported by the udev property ID_NET_NAME_SLOT. See systemd.net-naming-
               scheme(7).

           path
               The name is set based on the device's physical location, as exported by the udev
               property ID_NET_NAME_PATH. See systemd.net-naming-scheme(7).

           mac
               The name is set based on the device's persistent MAC address, as exported by the
               udev property ID_NET_NAME_MAC. See systemd.net-naming-scheme(7).

           keep
               If the device already had a name given by userspace (as part of creation of the
               device or a rename), keep it.

       Name=
           The interface name to use. This option has lower precedence than NamePolicy=, so for
           this setting to take effect, NamePolicy= must either be unset, empty, disabled, or all
           policies configured there must fail. Also see the example below with "Name=dmz0".

           Note that specifying a name that the kernel might use for another interface (for
           example "eth0") is dangerous because the name assignment done by udev will race with
           the assignment done by the kernel, and only one interface may use the name. Depending
           on the order of operations, either udev or the kernel will win, making the naming
           unpredictable. It is best to use some different prefix, for example
           "internal0"/"external0" or "lan0"/"lan1"/"lan3".

       AlternativeNamesPolicy=
           A space-separated list of policies by which the interface's alternative names should
           be set. Each of the policies may fail, and all successful policies are used. The
           available policies are "database", "onboard", "slot", "path", and "mac". If the kernel
           does not support the alternative names, then this setting will be ignored.

       AlternativeName=
           The alternative interface name to use. This option can be specified multiple times. If
           the empty string is assigned to this option, the list is reset, and all prior
           assignments have no effect. If the kernel does not support the alternative names, then
           this setting will be ignored.

       TransmitQueues=
           Specifies the device's number of transmit queues. An integer in the range 1...4096.
           When unset, the kernel's default will be used.

       ReceiveQueues=
           Specifies the device's number of receive queues. An integer in the range 1...4096.
           When unset, the kernel's default will be used.

       TransmitQueueLength=
           Specifies the transmit queue length of the device in number of packets. An unsigned
           integer in the range 0...4294967294. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.

       MTUBytes=
           The maximum transmission unit in bytes to set for the device. The usual suffixes K, M,
           G are supported and are understood to the base of 1024.

       BitsPerSecond=
           The speed to set for the device, the value is rounded down to the nearest Mbps. The
           usual suffixes K, M, G are supported and are understood to the base of 1000.

       Duplex=
           The duplex mode to set for the device. The accepted values are half and full.

       AutoNegotiation=
           Takes a boolean. If set to yes, automatic negotiation of transmission parameters is
           enabled. Autonegotiation is a procedure by which two connected ethernet devices choose
           common transmission parameters, such as speed, duplex mode, and flow control. When
           unset, the kernel's default will be used.

           Note that if autonegotiation is enabled, speed and duplex settings are read-only. If
           autonegotiation is disabled, speed and duplex settings are writable if the driver
           supports multiple link modes.

       WakeOnLan=
           The Wake-on-LAN policy to set for the device. Takes the special value "off" which
           disables Wake-on-LAN, or space separated list of the following words:

           phy
               Wake on PHY activity.

           unicast
               Wake on unicast messages.

           multicast
               Wake on multicast messages.

           broadcast
               Wake on broadcast messages.

           arp
               Wake on ARP.

           magic
               Wake on receipt of a magic packet.

           secureon
               Enable secureon(tm) password for MagicPacket(tm).

           Defaults to unset, and the device's default will be used. This setting can be
           specified multiple times. If an empty string is assigned, then the all previous
           assignments are cleared.

       Port=
           The port option is used to select the device port. The supported values are:

           tp
               An Ethernet interface using Twisted-Pair cable as the medium.

           aui
               Attachment Unit Interface (AUI). Normally used with hubs.

           bnc
               An Ethernet interface using BNC connectors and co-axial cable.

           mii
               An Ethernet interface using a Media Independent Interface (MII).

           fibre
               An Ethernet interface using Optical Fibre as the medium.

       Advertise=
           This sets what speeds and duplex modes of operation are advertised for
           auto-negotiation. This implies "AutoNegotiation=yes". The supported values are:

           Table 1. Supported advertise values
           +-------------------+--------------+-------------+
           |Advertise          | Speed (Mbps) | Duplex Mode |
           +-------------------+--------------+-------------+
           |10baset-half       | 10           | half        |
           +-------------------+--------------+-------------+
           |10baset-full       | 10           | full        |
           +-------------------+--------------+-------------+
           |100baset-half      | 100          | half        |
           +-------------------+--------------+-------------+
           |100baset-full      | 100          | full        |
           +-------------------+--------------+-------------+
           |1000baset-half     | 1000         | half        |
           +-------------------+--------------+-------------+
           |1000baset-full     | 1000         | full        |
           +-------------------+--------------+-------------+
           |10000baset-full    | 10000        | full        |
           +-------------------+--------------+-------------+
           |2500basex-full     | 2500         | full        |
           +-------------------+--------------+-------------+
           |1000basekx-full    | 1000         | full        |
           +-------------------+--------------+-------------+
           |10000basekx4-full  | 10000        | full        |
           +-------------------+--------------+-------------+
           |10000basekr-full   | 10000        | full        |
           +-------------------+--------------+-------------+
           |10000baser-fec     | 10000        | full        |
           +-------------------+--------------+-------------+
           |20000basemld2-full | 20000        | full        |
           +-------------------+--------------+-------------+
           |20000basekr2-full  | 20000        | full        |
           +-------------------+--------------+-------------+
           By default this is unset, i.e. all possible modes will be advertised. This option may
           be specified more than once, in which case all specified speeds and modes are
           advertised. If the empty string is assigned to this option, the list is reset, and all
           prior assignments have no effect.

       ReceiveChecksumOffload=
           Takes a boolean. If set to true, hardware offload for checksumming of ingress network
           packets is enabled. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.

       TransmitChecksumOffload=
           Takes a boolean. If set to true, hardware offload for checksumming of egress network
           packets is enabled. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.

       TCPSegmentationOffload=
           Takes a boolean. If set to true, TCP Segmentation Offload (TSO) is enabled. When
           unset, the kernel's default will be used.

       TCP6SegmentationOffload=
           Takes a boolean. If set to true, TCP6 Segmentation Offload (tx-tcp6-segmentation) is
           enabled. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.

       GenericSegmentationOffload=
           Takes a boolean. If set to true, Generic Segmentation Offload (GSO) is enabled. When
           unset, the kernel's default will be used.

       GenericReceiveOffload=
           Takes a boolean. If set to true, Generic Receive Offload (GRO) is enabled. When unset,
           the kernel's default will be used.

       LargeReceiveOffload=
           Takes a boolean. If set to true, Large Receive Offload (LRO) is enabled. When unset,
           the kernel's default will be used.

       RxChannels=
           Sets the number of receive channels (a number between 1 and 4294967295) .

       TxChannels=
           Sets the number of transmit channels (a number between 1 and 4294967295).

       OtherChannels=
           Sets the number of other channels (a number between 1 and 4294967295).

       CombinedChannels=
           Sets the number of combined set channels (a number between 1 and 4294967295).

       RxBufferSize=
           Takes an integer. Specifies the maximum number of pending packets in the NIC receive
           buffer. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.

       RxMiniBufferSize=
           Takes an integer. Specifies the maximum number of pending packets in the NIC mini
           receive buffer. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.

       RxJumboBufferSize=
           Takes an integer. Specifies the maximum number of pending packets in the NIC jumbo
           receive buffer. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.

       TxBufferSize=
           Takes an integer. Specifies the maximum number of pending packets in the NIC transmit
           buffer. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.

       RxFlowControl=
           Takes a boolean. When set, enables receive flow control, also known as the ethernet
           receive PAUSE message (generate and send ethernet PAUSE frames). When unset, the
           kernel's default will be used.

       TxFlowControl=
           Takes a boolean. When set, enables transmit flow control, also known as the ethernet
           transmit PAUSE message (respond to received ethernet PAUSE frames). When unset, the
           kernel's default will be used.

       AutoNegotiationFlowControl=
           Takes a boolean. When set, auto negotiation enables the interface to exchange state
           advertisements with the connected peer so that the two devices can agree on the
           ethernet PAUSE configuration. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.

       GenericSegmentOffloadMaxBytes=
           Specifies the maximum size of a Generic Segment Offload (GSO) packet the device should
           accept. The usual suffixes K, M, G are supported and are understood to the base of
           1024. An unsigned integer in the range 1...65536. Defaults to unset.

       GenericSegmentOffloadMaxSegments=
           Specifies the maximum number of Generic Segment Offload (GSO) segments the device
           should accept. An unsigned integer in the range 1...65535. Defaults to unset.

EXAMPLES
       Example 1. /lib/systemd/network/99-default.link

       The link file 99-default.link that is shipped with systemd defines the default naming
       policy for links.

           [Link]
           NamePolicy=kernel database onboard slot path
           MACAddressPolicy=persistent

       Example 2. /etc/systemd/network/10-dmz.link

       This example assigns the fixed name "dmz0" to the interface with the MAC address
       00:a0:de:63:7a:e6:

           [Match]
           MACAddress=00:a0:de:63:7a:e6

           [Link]
           Name=dmz0

       NamePolicy= is not set, so Name= takes effect. We use the "10-" prefix to order this file
       early in the list. Note that it needs to be before "99-link", i.e. it needs a numerical
       prefix, to have any effect at all.

       Example 3. Debugging NamePolicy= assignments

           $ sudo SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL=debug udevadm test-builtin net_setup_link /sys/class/net/hub0
           ...
           Parsed configuration file /lib/systemd/network/99-default.link
           Parsed configuration file /etc/systemd/network/10-eth0.link
           ID_NET_DRIVER=cdc_ether
           Config file /etc/systemd/network/10-eth0.link applies to device hub0
           link_config: autonegotiation is unset or enabled, the speed and duplex are not writable.
           hub0: Device has name_assign_type=4
           Using default interface naming scheme 'v240'.
           hub0: Policies didn't yield a name, using specified Name=hub0.
           ID_NET_LINK_FILE=/etc/systemd/network/10-eth0.link
           ID_NET_NAME=hub0
           ...

       Explicit Name= configuration wins in this case.

           sudo SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL=debug udevadm test-builtin net_setup_link /sys/class/net/enp0s31f6
           ...
           Parsed configuration file /lib/systemd/network/99-default.link
           Parsed configuration file /etc/systemd/network/10-eth0.link
           Created link configuration context.
           ID_NET_DRIVER=e1000e
           Config file /lib/systemd/network/99-default.link applies to device enp0s31f6
           link_config: autonegotiation is unset or enabled, the speed and duplex are not writable.
           enp0s31f6: Device has name_assign_type=4
           Using default interface naming scheme 'v240'.
           enp0s31f6: Policy *keep*: keeping existing userspace name
           enp0s31f6: Device has addr_assign_type=0
           enp0s31f6: MAC on the device already matches policy *persistent*
           ID_NET_LINK_FILE=/lib/systemd/network/99-default.link
           ...

       In this case, the interface was already renamed, so the keep policy specified as the first
       option in 99-default.link means that the existing name is preserved. If keep was removed,
       or if were in boot before the renaming has happened, we might get the following instead:

           enp0s31f6: Policy *path* yields "enp0s31f6".
           enp0s31f6: Device has addr_assign_type=0
           enp0s31f6: MAC on the device already matches policy *persistent*
           ID_NET_LINK_FILE=/lib/systemd/network/99-default.link
           ID_NET_NAME=enp0s31f6
           ...

       Please note that the details of output are subject to change.

       Example 4. /etc/systemd/network/10-internet.link

       This example assigns the fixed name "internet0" to the interface with the device path
       "pci-0000:00:1a.0-*":

           [Match]
           Path=pci-0000:00:1a.0-*

           [Link]
           Name=internet0

       Example 5. /etc/systemd/network/25-wireless.link

       Here's an overly complex example that shows the use of a large number of [Match] and
       [Link] settings.

           [Match]
           MACAddress=12:34:56:78:9a:bc
           Driver=brcmsmac
           Path=pci-0000:02:00.0-*
           Type=wlan
           Virtualization=no
           Host=my-laptop
           Architecture=x86-64

           [Link]
           Name=wireless0
           MTUBytes=1450
           BitsPerSecond=10M
           WakeOnLan=magic
           MACAddress=cb:a9:87:65:43:21

SEE ALSO
       systemd-udevd.service(8), udevadm(8), systemd.netdev(5), systemd.network(5)

systemd 249                                                                       SYSTEMD.LINK(5)

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