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HOSTNAME(1) Linux Programmer's Manual HOSTNAME(1)

NAME
hostname - show or set the system's host name
domainname - show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name
ypdomainname - show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name
nisdomainname - show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name
dnsdomainname - show the system's DNS domain name

domainname [nisdomain] [-F file]
ypdomainname [nisdomain] [-F file]
nisdomainname [nisdomain] [-F file]

dnsdomainname

DESCRIPTION
Hostname is used to display the system's DNS name, and to display or set its hostname or NIS
domain name.

GET NAME
When called without any arguments, the program displays the current names:

hostname will print the name of the system as returned by the gethostname(2) function.

domainname will print the NIS domainname of the system. domainname uses the gethostname(2)
function, while ypdomainname and nisdomainname use the getdomainname(2).

dnsdomainname will print the domain part of the FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name). The com‐
plete FQDN of the system is returned with hostname --fqdn (but see the warnings in section
THE FQDN below).

SET NAME
When called with one argument or with the --file option, the commands set the host name or
the NIS/YP domain name. hostname uses the sethostname(2) function, while all of the three
domainname, ypdomainname and nisdomainname use setdomainname(2). Note, that this is effec‐
tive only until the next reboot. Edit /etc/hostname for permanent change.

Note, that only the super-user can change the names.

It is not possible to set the FQDN or the DNS domain name with the dnsdomainname command (see
THE FQDN below).

The host name is usually set once at system startup in /etc/init.d/hostname.sh (normally by
reading the contents of a file which contains the host name, e.g. /etc/hostname).

THE FQDN
The FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) of the system is the name that the resolver(3) returns
for the host name, such as, ursula.example.com. It is usually the hostname followed by the
DNS domain name (the part after the first dot). You can check the FQDN using hostname --fqdn
or the domain name using dnsdomainname.

You cannot change the FQDN with hostname or dnsdomainname.

The recommended method of setting the FQDN is to make the hostname be an alias for the fully
qualified name using /etc/hosts, DNS, or NIS. For example, if the hostname was "ursula", one
might have a line in /etc/hosts which reads

127.0.1.1 ursula.example.com ursula

Technically: The FQDN is the name getaddrinfo(3) returns for the host name returned by geth‐‐
ostname(2). The DNS domain name is the part after the first dot.

Therefore it depends on the configuration of the resolver (usually in /etc/host.conf) how you
can change it. Usually the hosts file is parsed before DNS or NIS, so it is most common to
change the FQDN in /etc/hosts.

If a machine has multiple network interfaces/addresses or is used in a mobile environment,
then it may either have multiple FQDNs/domain names or none at all. Therefore avoid using
hostname --fqdn, hostname --domain and dnsdomainname. hostname --ip-address is subject to
the same limitations so it should be avoided as well.

OPTIONS
-a, --alias
Display the alias name of the host (if used). This option is deprecated and should not
be used anymore.

-A, --all-fqdns
Displays all FQDNs of the machine. This option enumerates all configured network ad‐
dresses on all configured network interfaces, and translates them to DNS domain names.
Addresses that cannot be translated (i.e. because they do not have an appropriate re‐
verse IP entry) are skipped. Note that different addresses may resolve to the same
name, therefore the output may contain duplicate entries. Do not make any assumptions
about the order of the output.

-b, --boot
Always set a hostname; this allows the file specified by -F to be non-existent or
empty, in which case the default hostname localhost will be used if none is yet set.

-d, --domain
Display the name of the DNS domain. Don't use the command domainname to get the DNS
domain name because it will show the NIS domain name and not the DNS domain name. Use
dnsdomainname instead. See the warnings in section THE FQDN above, and avoid using
this option.

-f, --fqdn, --long
Display the FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name). A FQDN consists of a short host name
and the DNS domain name. Unless you are using bind or NIS for host lookups you can
change the FQDN and the DNS domain name (which is part of the FQDN) in the /etc/hosts
file. See the warnings in section THE FQDN above und use hostname --all-fqdns instead
wherever possible.

-F, --file filename
Read the host name from the specified file. Comments (lines starting with a `#') are
ignored.

-i, --ip-address
Display the network address(es) of the host name. Note that this works only if the
host name can be resolved. Avoid using this option; use hostname --all-ip-addresses
instead.

-I, --all-ip-addresses
Display all network addresses of the host. This option enumerates all configured ad‐
dresses on all network interfaces. The loopback interface and IPv6 link-local ad‐
dresses are omitted. Contrary to option -i, this option does not depend on name reso‐
lution. Do not make any assumptions about the order of the output.

-s, --short
Display the short host name. This is the host name cut at the first dot.

-V, --version
Print version information on standard output and exit successfully.

-y, --yp, --nis
Display the NIS domain name. If a parameter is given (or --file name ) then root can
also set a new NIS domain.

-h, --help
Print a usage message and exit.

NOTES
The address families hostname tries when looking up the FQDN, aliases and network addresses
of the host are determined by the configuration of your resolver. For instance, on GNU Libc
systems, the resolver can be instructed to try IPv6 lookups first by using the inet6 option
in /etc/resolv.conf.

FILES
/etc/hostname Historically this file was supposed to only contain the hostname and not the
full canonical FQDN. Nowadays most software is able to cope with a full FQDN here. This file
is read at boot time by the system initialization scripts to set the hostname.

/etc/hosts Usually, this is where one sets the domain name by aliasing the host name to the
FQDN.

AUTHORS
Peter Tobias, <tobias AT et-inf.de>
Bernd Eckenfels, <net-tools AT lina.de> (NIS and manpage).
Michael Meskes, <meskes AT debian.org>

net-tools 2009-09-16 HOSTNAME(1)
rsync-ssl(1) User Commands rsync-ssl(1)

NAME
rsync-ssl - a helper script for connecting to an ssl rsync daemon

SYNOPSIS
rsync-ssl [--type=SSL_TYPE] RSYNC_ARGS

The online version of this manpage (that includes cross-linking of topics) is available at
https://download.samba.org/pub/rsync/rsync-ssl.1.

DESCRIPTION
The rsync-ssl script helps you to run an rsync copy to/from an rsync daemon that requires ssl
connections.

The script requires that you specify an rsync-daemon arg in the style of either hostname::
(with 2 colons) or rsync://hostname/. The default port used for connecting is 874 (one
higher than the normal 873) unless overridden in the environment. You can specify an over‐
riding port via --port or by including it in the normal spot in the URL format, though both
of those require your rsync version to be at least 3.2.0.

OPTIONS
If the first arg is a --type=SSL_TYPE option, the script will only use that particular pro‐
gram to open an ssl connection instead of trying to find an openssl or stunnel executable via
a simple heuristic (assuming that the RSYNC_SSL_TYPE environment variable is not set as
well -- see below). This option must specify one of openssl or stunnel. The equal sign is
required for this particular option.

All the other options are passed through to the rsync command, so consult the rsync(1) man‐
page for more information on how it works.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The ssl helper scripts are affected by the following environment variables:

RSYNC_SSL_TYPE
Specifies the program type that should be used to open the ssl connection. It must be
one of openssl or stunnel. The --type=SSL_TYPE option overrides this, when specified.

RSYNC_SSL_PORT
If specified, the value is the port number that is used as the default when the user
does not specify a port in their rsync command. When not specified, the default port
number is 874. (Note that older rsync versions (prior to 3.2.0) did not communicate
an overriding port number value to the helper script.)

RSYNC_SSL_CERT
If specified, the value is a filename that contains a certificate to use for the con‐
nection.

RSYNC_SSL_KEY
If specified, the value is a filename that contains a key for the provided certificate
to use for the connection.

RSYNC_SSL_CA_CERT
If specified, the value is a filename that contains a certificate authority certifi‐
cate that is used to validate the connection.

RSYNC_SSL_OPENSSL
Specifies the openssl executable to run when the connection type is set to openssl.
If unspecified, the $PATH is searched for "openssl".

RSYNC_SSL_GNUTLS
Specifies the gnutls-cli executable to run when the connection type is set to gnutls.
If unspecified, the $PATH is searched for "gnutls-cli".

RSYNC_SSL_STUNNEL
Specifies the stunnel executable to run when the connection type is set to stunnel.
If unspecified, the $PATH is searched first for "stunnel4" and then for "stunnel".

EXAMPLES
rsync-ssl -aiv example.com::mod/ dest

rsync-ssl --type=openssl -aiv example.com::mod/ dest

rsync-ssl -aiv --port 9874 example.com::mod/ dest

rsync-ssl -aiv rsync://example.com:9874/mod/ dest

THE SERVER SIDE
For help setting up an SSL/TLS supporting rsync, see the instructions in rsyncd.conf.