# phpman > man > rsync-ssl(hostname) [HOSTNAME(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/HOSTNAME/1/markdown) Linux Programmer's Manual [HOSTNAME(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/HOSTNAME/1/markdown) ## NAME hostname - show or set the system's host name domainname - show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name ypdomainname - show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name nisdomainname - show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name dnsdomainname - show the system's DNS domain name ## SYNOPSIS **hostname** [**-a|--alias**] [**-d|--domain**] [**-f|--fqdn|--long**] [**-A|--all-fqdns**] [**-i|--ip-address**] [**-I|--all-ip-addresses**] [**-s|--short**] [**-y|--yp|--nis**] **hostname** [**-b|--boot**] [**-F|--file** **filename**] [**hostname**] **hostname** [**-h|--help**] [**-V|--version**] **domainname** [**nisdomain**] [**-F** **file**] **ypdomainname** [**nisdomain**] [**-F** **file**] **nisdomainname** [**nisdomain**] [**-F** **file**] ### dnsdomainname ## DESCRIPTION **Hostname** is used to display the system's DNS name, and to display or set its hostname or NIS domain name. **GET** **NAME** When called without any arguments, the program displays the current names: **hostname** will print the name of the system as returned by the [**gethostname**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/gethostname/2/markdown) function. **domainname** will print the NIS domainname of the system. **domainname** uses the [**gethostname**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/gethostname/2/markdown) function, while **ypdomainname** and **nisdomainname** use the [**getdomainname**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/getdomainname/2/markdown). **dnsdomainname** will print the domain part of the FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name). The com‐ plete FQDN of the system is returned with **hostname** **--fqdn** (but see the warnings in section **THE** **FQDN** below). **SET** **NAME** When called with one argument or with the **--file** option, the commands set the host name or the NIS/YP domain name. **hostname** uses the [**sethostname**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/sethostname/2/markdown) function, while all of the three **domainname**, **ypdomainname** and **nisdomainname** use [**setdomainname**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/setdomainname/2/markdown). Note, that this is effec‐ tive only until the next reboot. Edit /etc/hostname for permanent change. Note, that only the super-user can change the names. It is not possible to set the FQDN or the DNS domain name with the **dnsdomainname** command (see **THE** **FQDN** below). The host name is usually set once at system startup in _/etc/init.d/hostname.sh_ (normally by reading the contents of a file which contains the host name, e.g. _/etc/hostname_). **THE** **FQDN** The FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) of the system is the name that the [**resolver**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/resolver/3/markdown) returns for the host name, such as, _ursula.example.com_. It is usually the hostname followed by the DNS domain name (the part after the first dot). You can check the FQDN using **hostname** **--fqdn** or the domain name using **dnsdomainname**. You cannot change the FQDN with **hostname** or **dnsdomainname**. The recommended method of setting the FQDN is to make the hostname be an alias for the fully qualified name using _/etc/hosts_, DNS, or NIS. For example, if the hostname was "ursula", one might have a line in _/etc/hosts_ which reads 127.0.1.1 ursula.example.com ursula Technically: The FQDN is the name [**getaddrinfo**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/getaddrinfo/3/markdown) returns for the host name returned by **geth**‐‐ [**ostname**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ostname/2/markdown). The DNS domain name is the part after the first dot. Therefore it depends on the configuration of the resolver (usually in _/etc/host.conf_) how you can change it. Usually the hosts file is parsed before DNS or NIS, so it is most common to change the FQDN in _/etc/hosts_. If a machine has multiple network interfaces/addresses or is used in a mobile environment, then it may either have multiple FQDNs/domain names or none at all. Therefore avoid using **hostname** **--fqdn**, **hostname** **--domain** and **dnsdomainname**. **hostname** **--ip-address** is subject to the same limitations so it should be avoided as well. ## OPTIONS _-a,_ _--alias_ Display the alias name of the host (if used). This option is deprecated and should not be used anymore. _-A,_ _--all-fqdns_ Displays all FQDNs of the machine. This option enumerates all configured network ad‐ dresses on all configured network interfaces, and translates them to DNS domain names. Addresses that cannot be translated (i.e. because they do not have an appropriate re‐ verse IP entry) are skipped. Note that different addresses may resolve to the same name, therefore the output may contain duplicate entries. Do not make any assumptions about the order of the output. _-b,_ _--boot_ Always set a hostname; this allows the file specified by _-F_ to be non-existent or empty, in which case the default hostname _localhost_ will be used if none is yet set. _-d,_ _--domain_ Display the name of the DNS domain. Don't use the command **domainname** to get the DNS domain name because it will show the NIS domain name and not the DNS domain name. Use **dnsdomainname** instead. See the warnings in section **THE** **FQDN** above, and avoid using this option. _-f,_ _--fqdn,_ _--long_ Display the FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name). A FQDN consists of a short host name and the DNS domain name. Unless you are using bind or NIS for host lookups you can change the FQDN and the DNS domain name (which is part of the FQDN) in the _/etc/hosts_ file. See the warnings in section **THE** **FQDN** above und use **hostname** **--all-fqdns** instead wherever possible. _-F,_ _--file_ _filename_ Read the host name from the specified file. Comments (lines starting with a `#') are ignored. _-i,_ _--ip-address_ Display the network address(es) of the host name. Note that this works only if the host name can be resolved. Avoid using this option; use **hostname** **--all-ip-addresses** instead. _-I,_ _--all-ip-addresses_ Display all network addresses of the host. This option enumerates all configured ad‐ dresses on all network interfaces. The loopback interface and IPv6 link-local ad‐ dresses are omitted. Contrary to option _-i_, this option does not depend on name reso‐ lution. Do not make any assumptions about the order of the output. _-s,_ _--short_ Display the short host name. This is the host name cut at the first dot. _-V,_ _--version_ Print version information on standard output and exit successfully. _-y,_ _--yp,_ _--nis_ Display the NIS domain name. If a parameter is given (or **--file** **name** ) then root can also set a new NIS domain. _-h,_ _--help_ Print a usage message and exit. ## NOTES The address families **hostname** tries when looking up the FQDN, aliases and network addresses of the host are determined by the configuration of your resolver. For instance, on GNU Libc systems, the resolver can be instructed to try IPv6 lookups first by using the **inet6** option in **/etc/resolv.conf**. ## FILES **/etc/hostname** Historically this file was supposed to only contain the hostname and not the full canonical FQDN. Nowadays most software is able to cope with a full FQDN here. This file is read at boot time by the system initialization scripts to set the hostname. **/etc/hosts** Usually, this is where one sets the domain name by aliasing the host name to the FQDN. ## AUTHORS Peter Tobias, <> Bernd Eckenfels, <> (NIS and manpage). Michael Meskes, <> net-tools 2009-09-16 [HOSTNAME(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/HOSTNAME/1/markdown) [rsync-ssl(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/rsync-ssl/1/markdown) User Commands [rsync-ssl(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/rsync-ssl/1/markdown) ## NAME rsync-ssl - a helper script for connecting to an ssl rsync daemon ## SYNOPSIS rsync-ssl [--type=SSL_TYPE] RSYNC_ARGS The online version of this manpage (that includes cross-linking of topics) is available at . ## DESCRIPTION The rsync-ssl script helps you to run an rsync copy to/from an rsync daemon that requires ssl connections. The script requires that you specify an rsync-daemon arg in the style of either **hostname::** (with 2 colons) or **rsync://hostname/**. The default port used for connecting is 874 (one higher than the normal 873) unless overridden in the environment. You can specify an over‐ riding port via **--port** or by including it in the normal spot in the URL format, though both of those require your rsync version to be at least 3.2.0. ## OPTIONS If the **first** arg is a **--type=SSL**___**TYPE** option, the script will only use that particular pro‐ gram to open an ssl connection instead of trying to find an openssl or stunnel executable via a simple heuristic (assuming that the **RSYNC**___**SSL**___**TYPE** environment variable is not set as well -- see below). This option must specify one of **openssl** or **stunnel**. The equal sign is required for this particular option. All the other options are passed through to the rsync command, so consult the [**rsync**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/rsync/1/markdown) man‐ page for more information on how it works. ## ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES The ssl helper scripts are affected by the following environment variables: **RSYNC**___**SSL**___**TYPE** Specifies the program type that should be used to open the ssl connection. It must be one of **openssl** or **stunnel**. The **--type=SSL**___**TYPE** option overrides this, when specified. **RSYNC**___**SSL**___**PORT** If specified, the value is the port number that is used as the default when the user does not specify a port in their rsync command. When not specified, the default port number is 874. (Note that older rsync versions (prior to 3.2.0) did not communicate an overriding port number value to the helper script.) **RSYNC**___**SSL**___**CERT** If specified, the value is a filename that contains a certificate to use for the con‐ nection. **RSYNC**___**SSL**___**KEY** If specified, the value is a filename that contains a key for the provided certificate to use for the connection. **RSYNC**___**SSL**___**CA**___**CERT** If specified, the value is a filename that contains a certificate authority certifi‐ cate that is used to validate the connection. **RSYNC**___**SSL**___**OPENSSL** Specifies the openssl executable to run when the connection type is set to openssl. If unspecified, the $PATH is searched for "openssl". **RSYNC**___**SSL**___**GNUTLS** Specifies the gnutls-cli executable to run when the connection type is set to gnutls. If unspecified, the $PATH is searched for "gnutls-cli". **RSYNC**___**SSL**___**STUNNEL** Specifies the stunnel executable to run when the connection type is set to stunnel. If unspecified, the $PATH is searched first for "stunnel4" and then for "stunnel". ## EXAMPLES rsync-ssl -aiv example.[com::mod](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/com%3A%3Amod/markdown)/ dest rsync-ssl --type=openssl -aiv example.[com::mod](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/com%3A%3Amod/markdown)/ dest rsync-ssl -aiv --port 9874 example.[com::mod](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/com%3A%3Amod/markdown)/ dest rsync-ssl -aiv rsync://example.com:9874/mod/ dest ## THE SERVER SIDE For help setting up an SSL/TLS supporting rsync, see the instructions in rsyncd.conf. ## SEE ALSO [**rsync**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/rsync/1/markdown), [**rsyncd.conf**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/rsyncd.conf/5/markdown) ## CAVEATS Note that using an stunnel connection requires at least version 4 of stunnel, which should be the case on modern systems. Also, it does not verify a connection against the CA certificate collection, so it only encrypts the connection without any cert validation unless you have specified the certificate environment options. This script also supports a **--type=gnutls** option, but at the time of this release the gnutls- cli command was dropping output, making it unusable. If that bug has been fixed in your ver‐ sion, feel free to put gnutls into an exported RSYNC_SSL_TYPE environment variable to make its use the default. ## BUGS Please report bugs! See the web site at . ## VERSION This manpage is current for version 3.2.7 of rsync. ## CREDITS Rsync is distributed under the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. A web site is available at . The site includes an FAQ-O-Matic which may cover questions unanswered by this manual page. ## AUTHOR This manpage was written by Wayne Davison. Mailing lists for support and development are available at . rsync-ssl from rsync 3.2.7 20 Oct 2022 [rsync-ssl(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/rsync-ssl/1/markdown)