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MTR(8) System Administration MTR(8)
NAME
mtr - a network diagnostic tool
SYNOPSIS
mtr [-4|-6] [-F FILENAME] [--report] [--report-wide] [--xml] [--gtk] [--curses] [--dis-
playmode MODE] [--raw] [--csv] [--json] [--split] [--no-dns] [--show-ips] [-o FIELDS]
[-y IPINFO] [--aslookup] [-i INTERVAL] [-c COUNT] [-s PACKETSIZE] [-B BITPATTERN] [-G GRA-
CEPERIOD] [-Q TOS] [--mpls] [-I NAME] [-a ADDRESS] [-f FIRST-TTL] [-m MAX-TTL] [-U MAX-UN-
KNOWN] [--udp] [--tcp] [--sctp] [-P PORT] [-L LOCALPORT] [-Z TIMEOUT] [-M MARK] HOSTNAME
DESCRIPTION
mtr combines the functionality of the traceroute and ping programs in a single network di-
agnostic tool.
As mtr starts, it investigates the network connection between the host mtr runs on and
HOSTNAME by sending packets with purposely low TTLs. It continues to send packets with
low TTL, noting the response time of the intervening routers. This allows mtr to print
the response percentage and response times of the internet route to HOSTNAME. A sudden
increase in packet loss or response time is often an indication of a bad (or simply over-
loaded) link.
The results are usually reported as round-trip-response times in milliseconds and the per-
centage of packet loss.
OPTIONS
-h, --help
Print the summary of command line argument options.
-v, --version
Print the installed version of mtr.
-4 Use IPv4 only.
-6 Use IPv6 only. (IPV4 may be used for DNS lookups.)
-F FILENAME, --filename FILENAME
Reads the list of hostnames from the specified file.
-r, --report
This option puts mtr into report mode. When in this mode, mtr will run for the
number of cycles specified by the -c option, and then print statistics and exit.
This mode is useful for generating statistics about network quality.
Note that each running instance of mtr generates a significant amount of network
traffic. Using mtr to measure the quality of your network may result in decreased
network performance.
-w, --report-wide
This option puts mtr into wide report mode. When in this mode, mtr will not cut
hostnames in the report.
-x, --xml
Use this option to tell mtr to use the xml output format. This format is better
suited for automated processing of the measurement results.
-t, --curses
Use this option to force mtr to use the curses based terminal interface (if avail-
able). In case the list of hops exceeds the height of your terminal, you can use
the + and - keys to scroll up and down half a page.
Ctrl-L clears spurious error messages that may overwrite other parts of the dis-
play.
--displaymode MODE
Use this option to select the initial display mode: 0 (default) selects statistics,
1 selects the stripchart without latency information, and 2 selects the stripchart
with latency information.
-g, --gtk
Use this option to force mtr to use the GTK+ based X11 window interface (if avail-
able). GTK+ must have been available on the system when mtr was built for this to
work. See the GTK+ web page at <http://www.gtk.org/> for more information about
GTK+.
-l, --raw
Use the raw output format. This format is better suited for archival of the mea-
surement results. It could be parsed to be presented into any of the other display
methods.
Example of the raw output format:
h 0 10.1.1.1
p 0 339
h 1 46.149.16.4
p 1 530
h 2 172.31.1.16
p 2 531
h 3 82.221.168.236
p 3 1523
h 5 195.130.211.8
p 5 1603
h 6 193.4.58.17
p 6 1127
h 7 193.4.58.17
d 7 www.isnic.is
-C, --csv
Use the Comma-Separated-Value (CSV) output format. (Note: The separator is actu-
ally a semi-colon ';'.)
Example of the CSV output format:
MTR.0.86+git:16e39fc0;1435562787;OK;nic.is;1;r-76520-PROD.greenqloud.internal;288
MTR.0.86+git:16e39fc0;1435562787;OK;nic.is;2;46.149.16.4;2086
MTR.0.86+git:16e39fc0;1435562787;OK;nic.is;3;172.31.1.16;600
MTR.0.86+git:16e39fc0;1435562787;OK;nic.is;4;82.221.168.236;1163
MTR.0.86+git:16e39fc0;1435562787;OK;nic.is;5;???;0
MTR.0.86+git:16e39fc0;1435562787;OK;nic.is;6;rix-k2-gw.isnic.is;1654
MTR.0.86+git:16e39fc0;1435562787;OK;nic.is;7;www.isnic.is;1036
-j, --json
Use this option to tell mtr to use the JSON output format. This format is better
suited for automated processing of the measurement results. Jansson library must
have been available on the system when mtr was built for this to work.
-p, --split
Use this option to set mtr to spit out a format that is suitable for a split-user
interface.
-n, --no-dns
Use this option to force mtr to display numeric IP numbers and not try to resolve
the host names.
-b, --show-ips
Use this option to tell mtr to display both the host names and numeric IP numbers.
In split mode this adds an extra field to the output. In report mode, there is
usually too little space to add the IPs, and they will be truncated. Use the wide
report (-w) mode to see the IPs in report mode.
-o FIELDS, --order FIELDS
Use this option to specify which fields to display and in which order. You may use
one or more space characters to separate fields.
Available fields:
+--+---------------------+
|L | Loss ratio |
+--+---------------------+
|D | Dropped packets |
+--+---------------------+
|R | Received packets |
+--+---------------------+
|S | Sent Packets |
+--+---------------------+
|N | Newest RTT(ms) |
+--+---------------------+
|B | Min/Best RTT(ms) |
+--+---------------------+
|A | Average RTT(ms) |
+--+---------------------+
|W | Max/Worst RTT(ms) |
+--+---------------------+
|V | Standard Deviation |
+--+---------------------+
|G | Geometric Mean |
+--+---------------------+
|J | Current Jitter |
+--+---------------------+
|M | Jitter Mean/Avg. |
+--+---------------------+
|X | Worst Jitter |
+--+---------------------+
|I | Interarrival Jitter |
+--+---------------------+
Example: -o "LSD NBAW X"
-y n, --ipinfo n
Displays information about each IP hop. Valid values for n are:
0 Display AS number (equivalent to -z)
1 Display IP prefix
2 Display country code of the origin AS
3 Display RIR (ripencc, arin, ...)
4 Display the allocation date of the IP prefix
It is possible to cycle between these fields at runtime (using the y key).
-z, --aslookup
Displays the Autonomous System (AS) number alongside each hop. Equivalent to --ip-
info 0.
Example (columns to the right not shown for clarity):
1. AS??? r-76520-PROD.greenqloud.internal
2. AS51969 46.149.16.4
3. AS??? 172.31.1.16
4. AS30818 82.221.168.236
5. ???
6. AS??? rix-k2-gw.isnic.is
7. AS1850 www.isnic.is
-i SECONDS, --interval SECONDS
Use this option to specify the positive number of seconds between ICMP ECHO re-
quests. The default value for this parameter is one second. The root user may
choose values between zero and one.
-c COUNT, --report-cycles COUNT
Use this option to set the number of pings sent to determine both the machines on
the network and the reliability of those machines. Each cycle lasts one second.
-s PACKETSIZE, --psize PACKETSIZE
This option sets the packet size used for probing. It is in bytes, inclusive IP
and ICMP headers.
If set to a negative number, every iteration will use a different, random packet
size up to that number.
-B NUM, --bitpattern NUM
Specifies bit pattern to use in payload. Should be within range 0 - 255. If NUM
is greater than 255, a random pattern is used.
-G SECONDS, --gracetime SECONDS
Use this option to specify the positive number of seconds to wait for responses af-
ter the final request. The default value is five seconds.
-Q NUM, --tos NUM
Specifies value for type of service field in IP header. Should be within range 0 -
255.
-e, --mpls
Use this option to tell mtr to display information from ICMP extensions for MPLS
(RFC 4950) that are encoded in the response packets.
-I NAME, --interface NAME
Use the network interface with a specific name for sending network probes. This
can be useful when you have multiple network interfaces with routes to your desti-
nation, for example both wired Ethernet and WiFi, and wish to test a particular in-
terface.
-a ADDRESS, --address ADDRESS
Use this option to bind the outgoing socket to ADDRESS, so that all packets will be
sent with ADDRESS as source address. NOTE that this option doesn't apply to DNS
requests (which could be and could not be what you want).
-f NUM, --first-ttl NUM
Specifies with what TTL to start. Defaults to 1.
-m NUM, --max-ttl NUM
Specifies the maximum number of hops (max time-to-live value) traceroute will
probe. Default is 30.
-U NUM, --max-unknown NUM
Specifies the maximum unknown host. Default is 5.
-u, --udp
Use UDP datagrams instead of ICMP ECHO.
-T, --tcp
Use TCP SYN packets instead of ICMP ECHO. PACKETSIZE is ignored, since SYN packets
can not contain data.
-S, --sctp
Use Stream Control Transmission Protocol packets instead of ICMP ECHO.
-P PORT, --port PORT
The target port number for TCP/SCTP/UDP traces.
-L LOCALPORT, --localport LOCALPORT
The source port number for UDP traces.
-Z SECONDS, --timeout SECONDS
The number of seconds to keep probe sockets open before giving up on the connec-
tion. Using large values for this, especially combined with a short interval, will
use up a lot of file descriptors.
-M MARK, --mark MARK
Set the mark for each packet sent through this socket similar to the netfilter MARK
target but socket-based. MARK is 32 unsigned integer. See socket(7) for full de-
scription of this socket option.
ENVIRONMENT
mtr recognizes a few environment variables.
MTR_OPTIONS
This environment variable allows one to specify options, as if they were passed on
the command line. It is parsed before reading the actual command line options, so
that options specified in MTR_OPTIONS are overridden by command-line options.
Example:
MTR_OPTIONS="-4 -c 1" mtr -6 localhost
would send one probe (because of -c 1) towards ::1 (because of -6, which overrides
the -4 passed in MTR_OPTIONS).
MTR_PACKET
A path to the mtr-packet executable, to be used for sending and receiving network
probes. If MTR_PACKET is unset, the PATH will be used to search for an mtr-packet
executable.
DISPLAY
Specifies an X11 server for the GTK+ frontend.
INTERACTIVE CONTROL
mtr can be controlled while it is running with the following keys:
?|h help
p pause (SPACE to resume)
d switching display mode
e toggle MPLS information on/off
n toggle DNS on/off
r reset all counters
o str set the columns to display, default str='LRS N BAWV'
j toggle latency(LS NABWV)/jitter(DR AGJMXI) stats
c <n> report cycle n, default n=infinite
i <n> set the ping interval to n seconds, default n=1
f <n> set the initial time-to-live(ttl), default n=1
m <n> set the max time-to-live, default n= # of hops
s <n> set the packet size to n or random(n<0)
b <c> set ping bit pattern to c(0..255) or random(c<0)
Q <t> set ping packet's TOS to t
u switch between ICMP ECHO and UDP datagrams
y switching IP info
z toggle ASN info on/off
q exit
BUGS
Some modern routers give a lower priority to ICMP ECHO packets than to other network traf-
fic. Consequently, the reliability of these routers reported by mtr will be significantly
lower than the actual reliability of these routers.
CONTACT INFORMATION
For the latest version, see the mtr web page at <http://www.bitwizard.nl/mtr/>
For patches, bug reports, or feature requests, please open an issue on GitHub at:
<https://github.com/traviscross/mtr>.
SEE ALSO
mtr-packet(8), traceroute(8), ping(8), socket(7), TCP/IP Illustrated (Stevens, ISBN
0201633469).
mtr 0.95 MTR(8)
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On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
2025-11-02 11:30 @216.73.216.40 CrawledBy Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)