mdadm.conf(5) - phpMan

MDADM.CONF(5) File Formats Manual MDADM.CONF(5)

NAME
mdadm.conf - configuration for management of Software RAID with mdadm

SYNOPSIS
/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf

DESCRIPTION
mdadm is a tool for creating, managing, and monitoring RAID devices using the md driver in
Linux.

Some common tasks, such as assembling all arrays, can be simplified by describing the de-
vices and arrays in this configuration file.

SYNTAX
The file should be seen as a collection of words separated by white space (space, tab, or
newline). Any word that beings with a hash sign (#) starts a comment and that word to-
gether with the remainder of the line is ignored.

Spaces can be included in a word using quotation characters. Either single quotes (') or
double quotes (") may be used. All the characters from one quotation character to next
identical character are protected and will not be used to separate words to start new
quoted strings. To include a single quote it must be between double quotes. To include a
double quote it must be between single quotes.

Any line that starts with white space (space or tab) is treated as though it were a con-
tinuation of the previous line.

Empty lines are ignored, but otherwise each (non continuation) line must start with a key-
word as listed below. The keywords are case insensitive and can be abbreviated to 3 char-
acters.

The keywords are:

DEVICE A device line lists the devices (whole devices or partitions) that might contain a
component of an MD array. When looking for the components of an array, mdadm will
scan these devices (or any devices listed on the command line).

The device line may contain a number of different devices (separated by spaces) and
each device name can contain wild cards as defined by glob(7).

Also, there may be several device lines present in the file.

Alternatively, a device line can contain either or both of the words containers
and partitions. The word containers will cause mdadm to look for assembled CON-
TAINER arrays and included them as a source for assembling further arrays.

The word partitions will cause mdadm to read /proc/partitions and include all de-
vices and partitions found therein. mdadm does not use the names from /proc/parti-
tions but only the major and minor device numbers. It scans /dev to find the name
that matches the numbers.

If no DEVICE line is present, then "DEVICE partitions containers" is assumed.

For example:

DEVICE /dev/hda* /dev/hdc*
DEV /dev/sd*
DEVICE /dev/disk/by-path/pci*
DEVICE partitions

ARRAY The ARRAY lines identify actual arrays. The second word on the line may be the
name of the device where the array is normally assembled, such as /dev/md1 or
/dev/md/backup. If the name does not start with a slash ('/'), it is treated as
being in /dev/md/. Alternately the word <ignore> (complete with angle brackets)
can be given in which case any array which matches the rest of the line will never
be automatically assembled. If no device name is given, mdadm will use various
heuristics to determine an appropriate name.

Subsequent words identify the array, or identify the array as a member of a group.
If multiple identities are given, then a component device must match ALL identities
to be considered a match. Each identity word has a tag, and equals sign, and some
value. The tags are:

uuid= The value should be a 128 bit uuid in hexadecimal, with punctuation inter-
spersed if desired. This must match the uuid stored in the superblock.

name= The value should be a simple textual name as was given to mdadm when the array
was created. This must match the name stored in the superblock on a device for
that device to be included in the array. Not all superblock formats support
names.

super-minor=
The value is an integer which indicates the minor number that was stored in the
superblock when the array was created. When an array is created as /dev/mdX,
then the minor number X is stored.

devices=
The value is a comma separated list of device names or device name patterns.
Only devices with names which match one entry in the list will be used to as-
semble the array. Note that the devices listed there must also be listed on a
DEVICE line.

level= The value is a RAID level. This is not normally used to identify an array, but
is supported so that the output of

mdadm --examine --scan

can be use directly in the configuration file.

num-devices=
The value is the number of devices in a complete active array. As with level=
this is mainly for compatibility with the output of

mdadm --examine --scan.

spares=
The value is a number of spare devices to expect the array to have. The sole
use of this keyword and value is as follows: mdadm --monitor will report an ar-
ray if it is found to have fewer than this number of spares when --monitor
starts or when --oneshot is used.

spare-group=
The value is a textual name for a group of arrays. All arrays with the same
spare-group name are considered to be part of the same group. The significance
of a group of arrays is that mdadm will, when monitoring the arrays, move a
spare drive from one array in a group to another array in that group if the
first array had a failed or missing drive but no spare.

auto= This option is rarely needed with mdadm-3.0, particularly if use with the Linux
kernel v2.6.28 or later. It tells mdadm whether to use partitionable array or
non-partitionable arrays and, in the absence of udev, how many partition de-
vices to create. From 2.6.28 all md array devices are partitionable, hence
this option is not needed.

The value of this option can be "yes" or "md" to indicate that a traditional,
non-partitionable md array should be created, or "mdp", "part" or "partition"
to indicate that a partitionable md array (only available in linux 2.6 and
later) should be used. This later set can also have a number appended to indi-
cate how many partitions to create device files for, e.g. auto=mdp5. The de-
fault is 4.

bitmap=
The option specifies a file in which a write-intent bitmap should be found.
When assembling the array, mdadm will provide this file to the md driver as the
bitmap file. This has the same function as the --bitmap-file option to --as-
semble.

metadata=
Specify the metadata format that the array has. This is mainly recognised for
comparability with the output of mdadm -Es.

container=
Specify that this array is a member array of some container. The value given
can be either a path name in /dev, or a UUID of the container array.

member=
Specify that this array is a member array of some container. Each type of con-
tainer has some way to enumerate member arrays, often a simple sequence number.
The value identifies which member of a container the array is. It will usually
accompany a "container=" word.

MAILADDR
The mailaddr line gives an E-mail address that alerts should be sent to when mdadm
is running in --monitor mode (and was given the --scan option). There should only
be one MAILADDR line and it should have only one address. Any subsequent addresses
are silently ignored.

MAILFROM
The mailfrom line (which can only be abbreviated to at least 5 characters) gives an
address to appear in the "From" address for alert mails. This can be useful if you
want to explicitly set a domain, as the default from address is "root" with no do-
main. All words on this line are catenated with spaces to form the address.

Note that this value cannot be set via the mdadm commandline. It is only settable
via the config file.

PROGRAM
The program line gives the name of a program to be run when mdadm --monitor detects
potentially interesting events on any of the arrays that it is monitoring. This
program gets run with two or three arguments, they being the Event, the md device,
and possibly the related component device.

There should only be one program line and it should be give only one program.

CREATE The create line gives default values to be used when creating arrays, new members
of arrays, and device entries for arrays. These include:

owner=

group= These can give user/group ids or names to use instead of system defaults
(root/wheel or root/disk).

mode= An octal file mode such as 0660 can be given to override the default of 0600.

auto= This corresponds to the --auto flag to mdadm. Give yes, md, mdp, part -- pos-
sibly followed by a number of partitions -- to indicate how missing device en-
tries should be created.

metadata=
The name of the metadata format to use if none is explicitly given. This can
be useful to impose a system-wide default of version-1 superblocks.

symlinks=no
Normally when creating devices in /dev/md/ mdadm will create a matching symlink
from /dev/ with a name starting md or md_. Give symlinks=no to suppress this
symlink creation.

names=yes
Since Linux 2.6.29 it has been possible to create md devices with a name like
md_home rather than just a number, like md3. mdadm will use the numeric alter-
native by default as other tools that interact with md arrays may expect only
numbers. If names=yes is given in mdadm.conf then mdadm will use a name when
appropriate. If names=no is given, then non-numeric md device names will not
be used even if the default changes in a future release of mdadm.

bbl=no By default, mdadm will reserve space for a bad block list (bbl) on all devices
included in or added to any array that supports them. Setting bbl=no will pre-
vent this, so newly added devices will not have a bad block log.

HOMEHOST
The homehost line gives a default value for the --homehost= option to mdadm. There
should normally be only one other word on the line. It should either be a host
name, or one of the special words <system>, <none> and <ignore>. If <system> is
given, then the gethostname(2) systemcall is used to get the host name. This is
the default.

If <ignore> is given, then a flag is set so that when arrays are being auto-assem-
bled the checking of the recorded homehost is disabled. If <ignore> is given it is
also possible to give an explicit name which will be used when creating arrays.
This is the only case when there can be more that one other word on the HOMEHOST
line. If there are other words, or other HOMEHOST lines, they are silently ig-
nored.

If <none> is given, then the default of using gethostname(2) is over-ridden and no
homehost name is assumed.

When arrays are created, this host name will be stored in the metadata. When ar-
rays are assembled using auto-assembly, arrays which do not record the correct
homehost name in their metadata will be assembled using a "foreign" name. A "for-
eign" name alway ends with a digit string preceded by an underscore to differenti-
ate it from any possible local name. e.g. /dev/md/1_1 or /dev/md/home_0.

AUTO A list of names of metadata format can be given, each preceded by a plus or minus
sign. Also the word homehost is allowed as is all preceded by plus or minus sign.
all is usually last.

When mdadm is auto-assembling an array, either via --assemble or --incremental and
it finds metadata of a given type, it checks that metadata type against those
listed in this line. The first match wins, where all matches anything. If a match
is found that was preceded by a plus sign, the auto assembly is allowed. If the
match was preceded by a minus sign, the auto assembly is disallowed. If no match
is found, the auto assembly is allowed.

If the metadata indicates that the array was created for this host, and the word
homehost appears before any other match, then the array is treated as a valid can-
didate for auto-assembly.

This can be used to disable all auto-assembly (so that only arrays explicitly
listed in mdadm.conf or on the command line are assembled), or to disable assembly
of certain metadata types which might be handled by other software. It can also be
used to disable assembly of all foreign arrays - normally such arrays are assembled
but given a non-deterministic name in /dev/md/.

The known metadata types are 0.90, 1.x, ddf, imsm.

AUTO should be given at most once. Subsequent lines are silently ignored. Thus an
earlier config file in a config directory will over-ride the setting in a later
config file.

POLICY This is used to specify what automatic behavior is allowed on devices newly appear-
ing in the system and provides a way of marking spares that can be moved to other
arrays as well as the migration domains. Domain can be defined through policy line
by specifying a domain name for a number of paths from /dev/disk/by-path/. A de-
vice may belong to several domains. The domain of an array is a union of domains of
all devices in that array. A spare can be automatically moved from one array to
another if the set of the destination array's domains contains all the domains of
the new disk or if both arrays have the same spare-group.

To update hot plug configuration it is necessary to execute mdadm --udev-rules com-
mand after changing the config file

Keywords used in the POLICY line and supported values are:

domain=
any arbitrary string

metadata=
0.9 1.x ddf or imsm

path= file glob matching anything from /dev/disk/by-path

type= either disk or part.

action=
include, re-add, spare, spare-same-slot, or force-spare

auto= yes, no, or homehost.

The action item determines the automatic behavior allowed for devices matching the
path and type in the same line. If a device matches several lines with different ac-
tions then the most permissive will apply. The ordering of policy lines is irrelevant
to the end result.

include
allows adding a disk to an array if metadata on that disk matches that array

re-add will include the device in the array if it appears to be a current member or a
member that was recently removed and the array has a write-intent-bitmap to al-
low the re-add functionality.

spare as above and additionally: if the device is bare it can become a spare if there
is any array that it is a candidate for based on domains and metadata.

spare-same-slot
as above and additionally if given slot was used by an array that went degraded
recently and the device plugged in has no metadata then it will be automati-
cally added to that array (or it's container)

force-spare
as above and the disk will become a spare in remaining cases

PART-POLICY
This is similar to POLICY and accepts the same keyword assignments. It allows a
consistent set of policies to applied to each of the partitions of a device.

A PART-POLICY line should set type=disk and identify the path to one or more disk
devices. Each partition on these disks will be treated according to the action=
setting from this line. If a domain is set in the line, then the domain associ-
ated with each patition will be based on the domain, but with "-partN" appended,
when N is the partition number for the partition that was found.

SYSFS The SYSFS line lists custom values of MD device's sysfs attributes which will be
stored in sysfs after the array is assembled. Multiple lines are allowed and each
line has to contain the uuid or the name of the device to which it relates.

uuid= hexadecimal identifier of MD device. This has to match the uuid stored in the
superblock.

name= name of the MD device as was given to mdadm when the array was created. It will
be ignored if uuid is not empty.

MONITORDELAY
The monitordelay line gives a delay in seconds mdadm shall wait before pooling md
arrays when mdadm is running in --monitor mode. -d/--delay command line argument
takes precedence over the config file

EXAMPLE
DEVICE /dev/sd[bcdjkl]1
DEVICE /dev/hda1 /dev/hdb1

# /dev/md0 is known by its UUID.
ARRAY /dev/md0 UUID=3aaa0122:29827cfa:5331ad66:ca767371
# /dev/md1 contains all devices with a minor number of
# 1 in the superblock.
ARRAY /dev/md1 superminor=1
# /dev/md2 is made from precisely these two devices
ARRAY /dev/md2 devices=/dev/hda1,/dev/hdb1

# /dev/md4 and /dev/md5 are a spare-group and spares
# can be moved between them
ARRAY /dev/md4 uuid=b23f3c6d:aec43a9f:fd65db85:369432df
spare-group=group1
ARRAY /dev/md5 uuid=19464854:03f71b1b:e0df2edd:246cc977
spare-group=group1
# /dev/md/home is created if need to be a partitionable md array
# any spare device number is allocated.
ARRAY /dev/md/home UUID=9187a482:5dde19d9:eea3cc4a:d646ab8b
auto=part
# The name of this array contains a space.
ARRAY /dev/md9 name='Data Storage'

POLICY domain=domain1 metadata=imsm path=pci-0000:00:1f.2-scsi-*
action=spare
POLICY domain=domain1 metadata=imsm path=pci-0000:04:00.0-scsi-[01]*
action=include
# One domain comprising of devices attached to specified paths is defined.
# Bare device matching first path will be made an imsm spare on hot plug.
# If more than one array is created on devices belonging to domain1 and
# one of them becomes degraded, then any imsm spare matching any path for
# given domain name can be migrated.
MAILADDR root AT mydomain.tld
PROGRAM /usr/sbin/handle-mdadm-events
CREATE group=system mode=0640 auto=part-8
HOMEHOST <system>
AUTO +1.x homehost -all
SYSFS name=/dev/md/raid5 group_thread_cnt=4 sync_speed_max=1000000
SYSFS uuid=bead5eb6:31c17a27:da120ba2:7dfda40d group_thread_cnt=4 sync_speed_max=1000000
MONITORDELAY 60