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IPV6(7)                             Linux Programmer's Manual                             IPV6(7)

NAME
       ipv6 - Linux IPv6 protocol implementation

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/socket.h>
       #include <netinet/in.h>

       tcp6_socket = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
       raw6_socket = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, protocol);
       udp6_socket = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, protocol);

DESCRIPTION
       Linux  2.2 optionally implements the Internet Protocol, version 6.  This man page contains
       a description of the IPv6 basic API as implemented by the Linux kernel and glibc 2.1.  The
       interface is based on the BSD sockets interface; see socket(7).

       The IPv6 API aims to be mostly compatible with the IPv4 API (see ip(7)).  Only differences
       are described in this man page.

       To bind an AF_INET6 socket to any process, the local address should  be  copied  from  the
       in6addr_any variable which has in6_addr type.  In static initializations, IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT
       may also be used, which expands to a constant expression.  Both of  them  are  in  network
       byte order.

       The IPv6 loopback address (::1) is available in the global in6addr_loopback variable.  For
       initializations, IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK_INIT should be used.

       IPv4 connections can be handled with the v6 API by using the v4-mapped-on-v6 address type;
       thus  a  program  needs  to support only this API type to support both protocols.  This is
       handled transparently by the address handling functions in the C library.

       IPv4 and IPv6 share the local port space.  When you get an IPv4 connection or packet to an
       IPv6 socket, its source address will be mapped to v6 and it will be mapped to v6.

   Address format
           struct sockaddr_in6 {
               sa_family_t     sin6_family;   /* AF_INET6 */
               in_port_t       sin6_port;     /* port number */
               uint32_t        sin6_flowinfo; /* IPv6 flow information */
               struct in6_addr sin6_addr;     /* IPv6 address */
               uint32_t        sin6_scope_id; /* Scope ID (new in 2.4) */
           };

           struct in6_addr {
               unsigned char   s6_addr[16];   /* IPv6 address */
           };

       sin6_family  is  always  set  to AF_INET6; sin6_port is the protocol port (see sin_port in
       ip(7)); sin6_flowinfo is the IPv6 flow identifier; sin6_addr is the 128-bit IPv6  address.
       sin6_scope_id  is  an  ID  depending on the scope of the address.  It is new in Linux 2.4.
       Linux supports it only for link-local addresses, in that case sin6_scope_id  contains  the
       interface index (see netdevice(7))

       IPv6  supports  several  address types: unicast to address a single host, multicast to ad-
       dress a group of hosts, anycast to address the nearest member of a group of hosts (not im-
       plemented  in  Linux),  IPv4-on-IPv6  to  address an IPv4 host, and other reserved address
       types.

       The address notation for IPv6 is a group of 8 4-digit hexadecimal numbers, separated  with
       a  ':'.   "::"  stands for a string of 0 bits.  Special addresses are ::1 for loopback and
       ::FFFF:<IPv4 address> for IPv4-mapped-on-IPv6.

       The port space of IPv6 is shared with IPv4.

   Socket options
       IPv6 supports some protocol-specific socket options that can be set with setsockopt(2) and
       read with getsockopt(2).  The socket option level for IPv6 is IPPROTO_IPV6.  A boolean in-
       teger flag is zero when it is false, otherwise true.

       IPV6_ADDRFORM
              Turn an AF_INET6 socket into a socket of a different address family.  Only  AF_INET
              is currently supported for that.  It is allowed only for IPv6 sockets that are con-
              nected and bound to a v4-mapped-on-v6 address.  The argument is a pointer to an in-
              teger  containing  AF_INET.   This  is useful to pass v4-mapped sockets as file de-
              scriptors to programs that don't know how to deal with the IPv6 API.

       IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP
              Control membership in  multicast  groups.   Argument  is  a  pointer  to  a  struct
              ipv6_mreq.

       IPV6_MTU
              getsockopt():  Retrieve  the  current  known path MTU of the current socket.  Valid
              only when the socket has been connected.  Returns an integer.

              setsockopt(): Set the MTU to be used for the socket.  The MTU is limited by the de-
              vice MTU or the path MTU when path MTU discovery is enabled.  Argument is a pointer
              to integer.

       IPV6_MTU_DISCOVER
              Control path-MTU discovery on the socket.  See IP_MTU_DISCOVER  in  ip(7)  for  de-
              tails.

       IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS
              Set  the  multicast hop limit for the socket.  Argument is a pointer to an integer.
              -1 in the value means use the route default, otherwise it should be between  0  and
              255.

       IPV6_MULTICAST_IF
              Set  the device for outgoing multicast packets on the socket.  This is allowed only
              for SOCK_DGRAM and SOCK_RAW socket.  The argument is a pointer to an interface  in-
              dex (see netdevice(7)) in an integer.

       IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP
              Control  whether  the socket sees multicast packets that it has send itself.  Argu-
              ment is a pointer to boolean.

       IPV6_RECVPKTINFO (since Linux 2.6.14)
              Set delivery of the IPV6_PKTINFO control message on incoming datagrams.  Such  con-
              trol  messages  contain  a  struct  in6_pktinfo, as per RFC 3542.  Allowed only for
              SOCK_DGRAM or SOCK_RAW sockets.  Argument is a pointer to a boolean value in an in-
              teger.

       IPV6_RTHDR, IPV6_AUTHHDR, IPV6_DSTOPTS, IPV6_HOPOPTS, IPV6_FLOWINFO, IPV6_HOPLIMIT
              Set  delivery of control messages for incoming datagrams containing extension head-
              ers from the received packet.  IPV6_RTHDR delivers the routing header, IPV6_AUTHHDR
              delivers  the authentication header, IPV6_DSTOPTS delivers the destination options,
              IPV6_HOPOPTS delivers the hop options, IPV6_FLOWINFO delivers an integer containing
              the  flow  ID,  IPV6_HOPLIMIT  delivers  an integer containing the hop count of the
              packet.  The control messages have the same type as the socket option.   All  these
              header options can also be set for outgoing packets by putting the appropriate con-
              trol message into the control buffer of sendmsg(2).  Allowed only for SOCK_DGRAM or
              SOCK_RAW sockets.  Argument is a pointer to a boolean value.

       IPV6_RECVERR
              Control  receiving  of asynchronous error options.  See IP_RECVERR in ip(7) for de-
              tails.  Argument is a pointer to boolean.

       IPV6_ROUTER_ALERT
              Pass forwarded packets containing a router alert hop-by-hop option to this  socket.
              Allowed  only  for  SOCK_RAW  sockets.  The tapped packets are not forwarded by the
              kernel, it is the user's responsibility to send them  out  again.   Argument  is  a
              pointer to an integer.  A positive integer indicates a router alert option value to
              intercept.  Packets carrying a router alert option with a  value  field  containing
              this integer will be delivered to the socket.  A negative integer disables delivery
              of packets with router alert options to this socket.

       IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS
              Set the unicast hop limit for the socket.  Argument is a pointer to an integer.  -1
              in the value means use the route default, otherwise it should be between 0 and 255.

       IPV6_V6ONLY (since Linux 2.4.21 and 2.6)
              If this flag is set to true (nonzero), then the socket is restricted to sending and
              receiving IPv6 packets only.  In this case, an IPv4 and  an  IPv6  application  can
              bind to a single port at the same time.

              If  this  flag  is set to false (zero), then the socket can be used to send and re-
              ceive packets to and from an IPv6 address or an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address.

              The argument is a pointer to a boolean value in an integer.

              The  default  value  for  this  flag  is  defined  by  the  contents  of  the  file
              /proc/sys/net/ipv6/bindv6only.  The default value for that file is 0 (false).

ERRORS
       ENODEV The  user  tried  to bind(2) to a link-local IPv6 address, but the sin6_scope_id in
              the supplied sockaddr_in6 structure is not a valid interface index.

VERSIONS
       Linux 2.4 will break binary compatibility for the sockaddr_in6 for 64-bit hosts by  chang-
       ing  the  alignment  of in6_addr and adding an additional sin6_scope_id field.  The kernel
       interfaces stay compatible, but a program including sockaddr_in6 or  in6_addr  into  other
       structures may not be.  This is not a problem for 32-bit hosts like i386.

       The  sin6_flowinfo field is new in Linux 2.4.  It is transparently passed/read by the ker-
       nel when the passed address length contains it.  Some programs that pass a longer  address
       buffer and then check the outgoing address length may break.

NOTES
       The sockaddr_in6 structure is bigger than the generic sockaddr.  Programs that assume that
       all address types can be stored safely in a struct sockaddr need  to  be  changed  to  use
       struct sockaddr_storage for that instead.

       SOL_IP,  SOL_IPV6,  SOL_ICMPV6, and other SOL_* socket options are nonportable variants of
       IPPROTO_*.  See also ip(7).

BUGS
       The IPv6 extended API as in RFC 2292 is currently only partly  implemented;  although  the
       2.2 kernel has near complete support for receiving options, the macros for generating IPv6
       options are missing in glibc 2.1.

       IPSec support for EH and AH headers is missing.

       Flow label management is not complete and not documented here.

       This man page is not complete.

SEE ALSO
       cmsg(3), ip(7)

       RFC 2553: IPv6 BASIC API; Linux tries to be compliant to this.  RFC 2460: IPv6  specifica-
       tion.

COLOPHON
       This  page  is  part of release 5.10 of the Linux man-pages project.  A description of the
       project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of  this  page,  can  be
       found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Linux                                       2020-12-21                                    IPV6(7)

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