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📘 NAME

depmod — Generate modules.dep and map files.

🚀 Quick Reference

Use Case	Command	Description
📦 Generate module dependencies for current kernel	depmod	Creates modules.dep and binary map files under /lib/modules/$(uname -r)
🎯 Generate for specific kernel version	depmod 5.15.0	Use a specific kernel version's module directory
🔍 Check for unresolved symbols	depmod -e -F /boot/System.map	Report symbols needed but not provided by any module or kernel
🖨️ Preview output (dry-run)	depmod -n	Print results to stdout instead of writing files
📁 Use staging basedir	depmod -b /staging 5.15.0	Prepend basedir for cross-compilation or staging
⚡ Quick check (only if modules changed)	depmod -A	Skip regeneration if no modules are newer than modules.dep

📋 SYNOPSIS

depmod [-b basedir] [-e] [-E Module.symvers] [-F System.map] [-n] [-v] [-A] [-P prefix] [-w]
       [version]

depmod [-e] [-E Module.symvers] [-F System.map] [-n] [-v] [-P prefix] [-w] [version]
       [filename...]

📝 DESCRIPTION

Linux kernel modules can provide services (called "symbols") for other modules to use (using one of the EXPORT_SYMBOL variants in the code). If a second module uses this symbol, that second module clearly depends on the first module. These dependencies can get quite complex.

🔧 depmod creates a list of module dependencies by reading each module under /lib/modules/version and determining what symbols it exports and what symbols it needs. By default, this list is written to modules.dep, and a binary hashed version named modules.dep.bin, in the same directory. If filenames are given on the command line, only those modules are examined (which is rarely useful unless all modules are listed).

📄 depmod also creates a list of symbols provided by modules in the file named modules.symbols and its binary hashed version, modules.symbols.bin. Finally, depmod will output a file named modules.devname if modules supply special device names (devname) that should be populated in /dev on boot (by a utility such as systemd-tmpfiles).

🎯 If a version is provided, then that kernel version's module directory is used rather than the current kernel version (as returned by uname -r).

🔧 OPTIONS

🔍 -a, --all

Probe all modules. This option is enabled by default if no file names are given in the command-line.

⚡ -A, --quick

This option scans to see if any modules are newer than the modules.dep file before any work is done: if not, it silently exits rather than regenerating the files.

📁 -b basedir, --basedir basedir

If your modules are not currently in the (normal) directory /lib/modules/version, but in a staging area, you can specify a basedir which is prepended to the directory name. This basedir is stripped from the resulting modules.dep file, so it is ready to be moved into the normal location. Use this option if you are a distribution vendor who needs to pre-generate the meta-data files rather than running depmod again later.

⚙️ -C, --config file or directory

This option overrides the default configuration directory at /etc/depmod.d/.

❌ -e, --errsyms

When combined with the -F option, this reports any symbols which a module needs which are not supplied by other modules or the kernel. Normally, any symbols not provided by modules are assumed to be provided by the kernel (which should be true in a perfect world), but this assumption can break especially when additionally updated third party drivers are not correctly installed or were built incorrectly.

🔄 -E, --symvers

When combined with the -e option, this reports any symbol versions supplied by modules that do not match with the symbol versions provided by the kernel in its Module.symvers. This option is mutually incompatible with -F.

📄 -F, --filesyms System.map

Supplied with the System.map produced when the kernel was built, this allows the -e option to report unresolved symbols. This option is mutually incompatible with -E.

❓ -h, --help

Print the help message and exit.

🖨️ -n, --show, --dry-run

This sends the resulting modules.dep and the various map files to standard output rather than writing them into the module directory.

🔤 -P

Some architectures prefix symbols with an extraneous character. This specifies a prefix character (for example '_') to ignore.

📢 -v, --verbose

In verbose mode, depmod will print (to stdout) all the symbols each module depends on and the module's file name which provides that symbol.

ℹ️ -V, --version

Show version of program and exit. See below for caveats when run on older kernels.

⚠️ -w

Warn on duplicate dependencies, aliases, symbol versions, etc.

©️ COPYRIGHT

This manual page originally Copyright 2002, Rusty Russell, IBM Corporation. Portions Copyright Jon Masters, and others.

🔗 SEE ALSO

• depmod.d(5)
• modprobe(8)
• modules.dep(5)

👥 AUTHORS

• 👨‍💻 Jon Masters <jcm AT jonmasters.org> — Developer
• 👨‍💻 Robby Workman <rworkman AT slackware.com> — Developer
• 👨‍💻 Lucas De Marchi <lucas.de.marchi AT gmail.com> — Developer

📘 NAME 🚀 Quick Reference 📋 SYNOPSIS 📝 DESCRIPTION 🔧 OPTIONS ©️ COPYRIGHT 🔗 SEE ALSO 👥 AUTHORS