NetAddr::IP(3pm) - phpMan

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IP(3pm)                        User Contributed Perl Documentation                        IP(3pm)

NAME
       NetAddr::IP - Manages IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and subnets

SYNOPSIS
         use NetAddr::IP qw(
               Compact
               Coalesce
               Zeros
               Ones
               V4mask
               V4net
               netlimit
               :aton           DEPRECATED
               :lower
               :upper
               :old_storable
               :old_nth
               :rfc3021
               :nofqdn
         );

         NOTE: NetAddr::IP::Util has a full complement of network address
               utilities to convert back and forth between binary and text.

               inet_aton, inet_ntoa, ipv6_aton, ipv6_ntoa
               ipv6_n2x, ipv6_n2d inet_any2d, inet_n2dx,
               inet_n2ad, inetanyto6, ipv6to4

       See NetAddr::IP::Util

         my $ip = new NetAddr::IP '127.0.0.1';
                or if you prefer
         my $ip = NetAddr::IP->new('127.0.0.1);
               or from a packed IPv4 address
         my $ip = new_from_aton NetAddr::IP (inet_aton('127.0.0.1'));
               or from an octal filtered IPv4 address
         my $ip = new_no NetAddr::IP '127.012.0.0';

         print "The address is ", $ip->addr, " with mask ", $ip->mask, "\n" ;

         if ($ip->within(new NetAddr::IP "127.0.0.0", "255.0.0.0")) {
             print "Is a loopback address\n";
         }

                                       # This prints 127.0.0.1/32
         print "You can also say $ip...\n";

       * The following four functions return ipV6 representations of:

         ::                                       = Zeros();
         FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF  = Ones();
         FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF::          = V4mask();
         ::FFFF:FFFF                              = V4net();

         Will also return an ipV4 or ipV6 representation of a
         resolvable Fully Qualified Domanin Name (FQDN).

       ###### DEPRECATED, will be remove in version 5 ############

         * To accept addresses in the format as returned by
         inet_aton, invoke the module as:

         use NetAddr::IP qw(:aton);

       ###### USE new_from_aton instead ##########################

       * To enable usage of legacy data files containing NetAddr::IP objects stored using the
       Storable module.

         use NetAddr::IP qw(:old_storable);

       * To compact many smaller subnets (see: "$me->compact($addr1,$addr2,...)"

         @compacted_object_list = Compact(@object_list)

       * Return a reference to list of "NetAddr::IP" subnets of $masklen mask length, when
       $number or more addresses from @list_of_subnets are found to be contained in said subnet.

         $arrayref = Coalesce($masklen, $number, @list_of_subnets)

       * By default NetAddr::IP functions and methods return string IPv6 addresses in uppercase.
       To change that to lowercase:

       NOTE: the AUGUST 2010 RFC5952 states:

           4.3. Lowercase

             The characters "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", and "f" in an IPv6
             address MUST be represented in lowercase.

       It is recommended that all NEW applications using NetAddr::IP be invoked as shown on the
       next line.

         use NetAddr::IP qw(:lower);

       * To ensure the current IPv6 string case behavior even if the default changes:

         use NetAddr::IP qw(:upper);

       * To set a limit on the size of nets processed or returned by NetAddr::IP.

       Set the maximum number of nets beyond which NetAddr::IP will return an error as a power of
       2 (default 16 or 65536 nets). Each 2**16 consumes approximately 4 megs of memory. A 2**20
       consumes 64 megs of memory, A 2**24 consumes 1 gigabyte of memory.

         use NetAddr::IP qw(netlimit);
         netlimit 20;

       The maximum netlimit allowed is 2**24. Attempts to set limits below the default of 16 or
       above the maximum of 24 are ignored.

       Returns true on success, otherwise "undef".

INSTALLATION
       Un-tar the distribution in an appropriate directory and type:

               perl Makefile.PL
               make
               make test
               make install

       NetAddr::IP depends on NetAddr::IP::Util which installs by default with its primary
       functions compiled using Perl's XS extensions to build a C library. If you do not have a C
       compiler available or would like the slower Pure Perl version for some other reason, then
       type:

               perl Makefile.PL -noxs
               make
               make test
               make install

DESCRIPTION
       This module provides an object-oriented abstraction on top of IP addresses or IP subnets
       that allows for easy manipulations.  Version 4.xx of NetAddr::IP will work with older
       versions of Perl and is compatible with Math::BigInt.

       The internal representation of all IP objects is in 128 bit IPv6 notation.  IPv4 and IPv6
       objects may be freely mixed.

   Overloaded Operators
       Many operators have been overloaded, as described below:

       Assignment ("=")
           Has been optimized to copy one NetAddr::IP object to another very quickly.

       "->copy()"
           The assignment ("=") operation is only put in to operation when the copied object is
           further mutated by another overloaded operation. See overload SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR "use
           overload" for details.

           "->copy()" actually creates a new object when called.

       Stringification
           An object can be used just as a string. For instance, the following code

                   my $ip = new NetAddr::IP '192.168.1.123';
                   print "$ip\n";

           Will print the string 192.168.1.123/32.

       Equality
           You can test for equality with either "eq" or "==". "eq" allows comparison with
           arbitrary strings as well as NetAddr::IP objects. The following example:

               if (NetAddr::IP->new('127.0.0.1','255.0.0.0') eq '127.0.0.1/8')
                  { print "Yes\n"; }

           will print out "Yes".

           Comparison with "==" requires both operands to be NetAddr::IP objects.

           In both cases, a true value is returned if the CIDR representation of the operands is
           equal.

       Comparison via >, <, >=, <=, <=> and "cmp"
           Internally, all network objects are represented in 128 bit format.  The numeric
           representation of the network is compared through the corresponding operation.
           Comparisons are tried first on the address portion of the object and if that is equal
           then the NUMERIC cidr portion of the masks are compared. This leads to the
           counterintuitive result that

                   /24 > /16

           Comparison should not be done on netaddr objects with different CIDR as this may
           produce indeterminate - unexpected results, rather the determination of which netblock
           is larger or smaller should be done by comparing

                   $ip1->masklen <=> $ip2->masklen

       Addition of a constant ("+")
           Add a 32 bit signed constant to the address part of a NetAddr object.  This operation
           changes the address part to point so many hosts above the current objects start
           address. For instance, this code:

               print NetAddr::IP->new('127.0.0.1/8') + 5;

           will output 127.0.0.6/8. The address will wrap around at the broadcast back to the
           network address. This code:

               print NetAddr::IP->new('10.0.0.1/24') + 255;

               outputs 10.0.0.0/24.

           Returns the the unchanged object when the constant is missing or out of range.

               2147483647 <= constant >= -2147483648

       Subtraction of a constant ("-")
           The complement of the addition of a constant.

       Difference ("-")
           Returns the difference between the address parts of two NetAddr::IP objects address
           parts as a 32 bit signed number.

           Returns undef if the difference is out of range.

           (See range restrictions on Addition above)

       Auto-increment
           Auto-incrementing a NetAddr::IP object causes the address part to be adjusted to the
           next host address within the subnet. It will wrap at the broadcast address and start
           again from the network address.

       Auto-decrement
           Auto-decrementing a NetAddr::IP object performs exactly the opposite of auto-
           incrementing it, as you would expect.

   Serializing and Deserializing
       This module defines hooks to collaborate with Storable for serializing "NetAddr::IP"
       objects, through compact and human readable strings. You can revert to the old format by
       invoking this module as

         use NetAddr::IP ':old_storable';

       You must do this if you have legacy data files containing NetAddr::IP objects stored using
       the Storable module.

   Methods
       "->new([$addr, [ $mask|IPv6 ]])"
       "->new6([$addr, [ $mask]])"
       "->new_no([$addr, [ $mask]])"
       "->new_from_aton($netaddr)"
       new_cis and new_cis6 are DEPRECATED
       "->new_cis("$addr $mask)"
       "->new_cis6("$addr $mask)"
           The first two methods create a new address with the supplied address in $addr and an
           optional netmask $mask, which can be omitted to get a /32 or /128 netmask for IPv4 /
           IPv6 addresses respectively.

           The third method "new_no" is exclusively for IPv4 addresses and filters improperly
           formatted dot quad strings for leading 0's that would normally be interpreted as octal
           format by NetAddr per the specifications for inet_aton.

           new_from_aton takes a packed IPv4 address and assumes a /32 mask. This function
           replaces the DEPRECATED :aton functionality which is fundamentally broken.

           The last two methods new_cis and new_cis6 differ from new and new6 only in that they
           except the common Cisco address notation for address/mask pairs with a space as a
           separator instead of a slash (/)

           These methods are DEPRECATED because the functionality is now included in the other
           "new" methods

             i.e.  ->new_cis('1.2.3.0 24')
                   or
                   ->new_cis6('::1.2.3.0 120')

           "->new6" and "->new_cis6" mark the address as being in ipV6 address space even if the
           format would suggest otherwise.

             i.e.  ->new6('1.2.3.4') will result in ::102:304

             addresses submitted to ->new in ipV6 notation will
             remain in that notation permanently. i.e.
                   ->new('::1.2.3.4') will result in ::102:304
             whereas new('1.2.3.4') would print out as 1.2.3.4

             See "STRINGIFICATION" below.

           $addr can be almost anything that can be resolved to an IP address in all the
           notations I have seen over time. It can optionally contain the mask in CIDR notation.

           prefix notation is understood, with the limitation that the range specified by the
           prefix must match with a valid subnet.

           Addresses in the same format returned by "inet_aton" or "gethostbyname" can also be
           understood, although no mask can be specified for them. The default is to not attempt
           to recognize this format, as it seems to be seldom used.

           To accept addresses in that format, invoke the module as in

             use NetAddr::IP ':aton'

           If called with no arguments, 'default' is assumed.

           If called with an empty string as the argument, returns 'undef'

           $addr can be any of the following and possibly more...

             n.n
             n.n/mm
             n.n.n
             n.n.n/mm
             n.n.n.n
             n.n.n.n/mm            32 bit cidr notation
             n.n.n.n/m.m.m.m
             loopback, localhost, broadcast, any, default
             x.x.x.x/host
             0xABCDEF, 0b111111000101011110, (a bcd number)
             a netaddr as returned by 'inet_aton'

           Any RFC1884 notation

             ::n.n.n.n
             ::n.n.n.n/mmm         128 bit cidr notation
             ::n.n.n.n/::m.m.m.m
             ::x:x
             ::x:x/mmm
             x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x
             x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x/mmm
             x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x/m:m:m:m:m:m:m:m any RFC1884 notation
             loopback, localhost, unspecified, any, default
             ::x:x/host
             0xABCDEF, 0b111111000101011110 within the limits
             of perl's number resolution
             123456789012  a 'big' bcd number (bigger than perl likes)
             and Math::BigInt

           A Fully Qualified Domain Name which returns an ipV4 address or an ipV6 address,
           embodied in that order. This previously undocumented feature may be disabled with:

                   use NetAddr::IP::Lite ':nofqdn';

           If called with no arguments, 'default' is assumed.

           If called with an empty string as the argument, returns 'undef'

       "->broadcast()"
           Returns a new object referring to the broadcast address of a given subnet. The
           broadcast address has all ones in all the bit positions where the netmask has zero
           bits. This is normally used to address all the hosts in a given subnet.

       "->network()"
           Returns a new object referring to the network address of a given subnet. A network
           address has all zero bits where the bits of the netmask are zero. Normally this is
           used to refer to a subnet.

       "->addr()"
           Returns a scalar with the address part of the object as an IPv4 or IPv6 text string as
           appropriate. This is useful for printing or for passing the address part of the
           NetAddr::IP object to other components that expect an IP address. If the object is an
           ipV6 address or was created using ->new6($ip) it will be reported in ipV6 hex format
           otherwise it will be reported in dot quad format only if it resides in ipV4 address
           space.

       "->mask()"
           Returns a scalar with the mask as an IPv4 or IPv6 text string as described above.

       "->masklen()"
           Returns a scalar the number of one bits in the mask.

       "->bits()"
           Returns the width of the address in bits. Normally 32 for v4 and 128 for v6.

       "->version()"
           Returns the version of the address or subnet. Currently this can be either 4 or 6.

       "->cidr()"
           Returns a scalar with the address and mask in CIDR notation. A NetAddr::IP object
           stringifies to the result of this function.  (see comments about ->new6() and ->addr()
           for output formats)

       "->aton()"
           Returns the address part of the NetAddr::IP object in the same format as the
           "inet_aton()" or "ipv6_aton" function respectively. If the object was created using
           ->new6($ip), the address returned will always be in ipV6 format, even for addresses in
           ipV4 address space.

       "->range()"
           Returns a scalar with the base address and the broadcast address separated by a dash
           and spaces. This is called range notation.

       "->prefix()"
           Returns a scalar with the address and mask in ipV4 prefix representation. This is
           useful for some programs, which expect its input to be in this format. This method
           will include the broadcast address in the encoding.

       "->nprefix()"
           Just as "->prefix()", but does not include the broadcast address.

       "->numeric()"
           When called in a scalar context, will return a numeric representation of the address
           part of the IP address. When called in an array contest, it returns a list of two
           elements. The first element is as described, the second element is the numeric
           representation of the netmask.

           This method is essential for serializing the representation of a subnet.

       "->bigint()"
           When called in scalar context, will return a Math::BigInt representation of the
           address part of the IP address. When called in an array context, it returns a list of
           two elements, The first element is as described, the second element is the
           Math::BigInt representation of the netmask.

       "->wildcard()"
           When called in a scalar context, returns the wildcard bits corresponding to the mask,
           in dotted-quad or ipV6 format as applicable.

           When called in an array context, returns a two-element array. The first element, is
           the address part. The second element, is the wildcard translation of the mask.

       "->short()"
           Returns the address part in a short or compact notation.

             (ie, 127.0.0.1 becomes 127.1).

           Works with both, V4 and V6.

       "->canon()"
           Returns the address part in canonical notation as a string.  For ipV4, this is dotted
           quad, and is the same as the return value from "->addr()".  For ipV6 it is as per
           RFC5952, and is the same as the LOWER CASE value returned by "->short()".

       "->full()"
           Returns the address part in FULL notation for ipV4 and ipV6 respectively.

             i.e. for ipV4
               0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:127.0.0.1

                  for ipV6
               0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000

           To force ipV4 addresses into full ipV6 format use:

       "->full6()"
           Returns the address part in FULL ipV6 notation

       "->full6m()"
           Returns the mask part in FULL ipV6 notation

       "$me->contains($other)"
           Returns true when $me completely contains $other. False is returned otherwise and
           "undef" is returned if $me and $other are not both "NetAddr::IP" objects.

       "$me->within($other)"
           The complement of "->contains()". Returns true when $me is completely contained within
           $other.

           Note that $me and $other must be "NetAddr::IP" objects.

       C->is_rfc1918()>
           Returns true when $me is an RFC 1918 address.

             10.0.0.0      -   10.255.255.255  (10/8 prefix)
             172.16.0.0    -   172.31.255.255  (172.16/12 prefix)
             192.168.0.0   -   192.168.255.255 (192.168/16 prefix)

       "->is_local()"
           Returns true when $me is a local network address.

                   i.e.    ipV4    127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255
             or            ipV6    === ::1

       "->splitref($bits,[optional $bits1,$bits2,...])"
           Returns a reference to a list of objects, representing subnets of "bits" mask produced
           by splitting the original object, which is left unchanged. Note that $bits must be
           longer than the original mask in order for it to be splittable.

           ERROR conditions:

             ->splitref will DIE with the message 'netlimit exceeded'
               if the number of return objects exceeds 'netlimit'.
               See function 'netlimit' above (default 2**16 or 65536 nets).

             ->splitref returns undef when C<bits> or the (bits list)
               will not fit within the original object.

             ->splitref returns undef if a supplied ipV4, ipV6, or NetAddr
               mask in inappropriately formatted,

           bits may be a CIDR mask, a dot quad or ipV6 string or a NetAddr::IP object.  If "bits"
           is missing, the object is split for into all available addresses within the ipV4 or
           ipV6 object ( auto-mask of CIDR 32, 128 respectively ).

           With optional additional "bits" list, the original object is split into parts sized
           based on the list. NOTE: a short list will replicate the last item. If the last item
           is too large to for what remains of the object after splitting off the first parts of
           the list, a "best fits" list of remaining objects will be returned based on an
           increasing sort of the CIDR values of the "bits" list.

             i.e.  my $ip = new NetAddr::IP('192.168.0.0/24');
                   my $objptr = $ip->split(28, 29, 28, 29, 26);

              has split plan 28 29 28 29 26 26 26 28
              and returns this list of objects

                   192.168.0.0/28
                   192.168.0.16/29
                   192.168.0.24/28
                   192.168.0.40/29
                   192.168.0.48/26
                   192.168.0.112/26
                   192.168.0.176/26
                   192.168.0.240/28

           NOTE: that /26 replicates twice beyond the original request and /28 fills the
           remaining return object requirement.

       "->rsplitref($bits,[optional $bits1,$bits2,...])"
           "->rsplitref" is the same as "->splitref" above except that the split plan is applied
           to the original object in reverse order.

             i.e.  my $ip = new NetAddr::IP('192.168.0.0/24');
                   my @objects = $ip->split(28, 29, 28, 29, 26);

              has split plan 28 26 26 26 29 28 29 28
              and returns this list of objects

                   192.168.0.0/28
                   192.168.0.16/26
                   192.168.0.80/26
                   192.168.0.144/26
                   192.168.0.208/29
                   192.168.0.216/28
                   192.168.0.232/29
                   192.168.0.240/28

       "->split($bits,[optional $bits1,$bits2,...])"
           Similar to "->splitref" above but returns the list rather than a list reference. You
           may not want to use this if a large number of objects is expected.

       "->rsplit($bits,[optional $bits1,$bits2,...])"
           Similar to "->rsplitref" above but returns the list rather than a list reference. You
           may not want to use this if a large number of objects is expected.

       "->hostenum()"
           Returns the list of hosts within a subnet.

           ERROR conditions:

             ->hostenum will DIE with the message 'netlimit exceeded'
               if the number of return objects exceeds 'netlimit'.
               See function 'netlimit' above (default 2**16 or 65536 nets).

       "->hostenumref()"
           Faster version of "->hostenum()", returning a reference to a list.

           NOTE: hostenum and hostenumref report zero (0) useable hosts in a /31 network. This is
           the behavior expected prior to RFC 3021. To report 2 useable hosts for use in point-
           to-point networks, use :rfc3021 tag.

                   use NetAddr::IP qw(:rfc3021);

           This will cause hostenum and hostenumref to return two (2) useable hosts in a /31
           network.

       "$me->compact($addr1, $addr2, ...)"
       "@compacted_object_list = Compact(@object_list)"
           Given a list of objects (including $me), this method will compact all the addresses
           and subnets into the largest (ie, least specific) subnets possible that contain
           exactly all of the given objects.

           Note that in versions prior to 3.02, if fed with the same IP subnets multiple times,
           these subnets would be returned. From 3.02 on, a more "correct" approach has been
           adopted and only one address would be returned.

           Note that $me and all $addr's must be "NetAddr::IP" objects.

       "$me->compactref(\@list)"
       "$compacted_object_list = Compact(\@list)"
           As usual, a faster version of "->compact()" that returns a reference to a list. Note
           that this method takes a reference to a list instead.

           Note that $me must be a "NetAddr::IP" object.

       "$me->coalesce($masklen, $number, @list_of_subnets)"
       "$arrayref = Coalesce($masklen,$number,@list_of_subnets)"
           Will return a reference to list of "NetAddr::IP" subnets of $masklen mask length, when
           $number or more addresses from @list_of_subnets are found to be contained in said
           subnet.

           Subnets from @list_of_subnets with a mask shorter than $masklen are passed "as is" to
           the return list.

           Subnets from @list_of_subnets with a mask longer than $masklen will be counted
           (actually, the number of IP addresses is counted) towards $number.

           Called as a method, the array will include $me.

           WARNING: the list of subnet must be the same type. i.e ipV4 or ipV6

       "->first()"
           Returns a new object representing the first usable IP address within the subnet (ie,
           the first host address).

       "->last()"
           Returns a new object representing the last usable IP address within the subnet (ie,
           one less than the broadcast address).

       "->nth($index)"
           Returns a new object representing the n-th usable IP address within the subnet (ie,
           the n-th host address).  If no address is available (for example, when the network is
           too small for $index hosts), "undef" is returned.

           Version 4.00 of NetAddr::IP and version 1.00 of NetAddr::IP::Lite implements
           "->nth($index)" and "->num()" exactly as the documentation states.  Previous versions
           behaved slightly differently and not in a consistent manner. See the README file for
           details.

           To use the old behavior for "->nth($index)" and "->num()":

             use NetAddr::IP::Lite qw(:old_nth);

             old behavior:
             NetAddr::IP->new('10/32')->nth(0) == undef
             NetAddr::IP->new('10/32')->nth(1) == undef
             NetAddr::IP->new('10/31')->nth(0) == undef
             NetAddr::IP->new('10/31')->nth(1) == 10.0.0.1/31
             NetAddr::IP->new('10/30')->nth(0) == undef
             NetAddr::IP->new('10/30')->nth(1) == 10.0.0.1/30
             NetAddr::IP->new('10/30')->nth(2) == 10.0.0.2/30
             NetAddr::IP->new('10/30')->nth(3) == 10.0.0.3/30

           Note that in each case, the broadcast address is represented in the output set and
           that the 'zero'th index is alway undef except for a point-to-point /31 or /127 network
           where there are exactly two addresses in the network.

             new behavior:
             NetAddr::IP->new('10/32')->nth(0)  == 10.0.0.0/32
             NetAddr::IP->new('10.1/32'->nth(0) == 10.0.0.1/32
             NetAddr::IP->new('10/31')->nth(0)  == 10.0.0.0/31
             NetAddr::IP->new('10/31')->nth(1)  == 10.0.0.1/31
             NetAddr::IP->new('10/30')->nth(0) == 10.0.0.1/30
             NetAddr::IP->new('10/30')->nth(1) == 10.0.0.2/30
             NetAddr::IP->new('10/30')->nth(2) == undef

           Note that a /32 net always has 1 usable address while a /31 has exactly two usable
           addresses for point-to-point addressing. The first index (0) returns the address
           immediately following the network address except for a /31 or /127 when it return the
           network address.

       "->num()"
           As of version 4.42 of NetAddr::IP and version 1.27 of NetAddr::IP::Lite a /31 and /127
           with return a net num value of 2 instead of 0 (zero) for point-to-point networks.

           Version 4.00 of NetAddr::IP and version 1.00 of NetAddr::IP::Lite return the number of
           usable IP addresses within the subnet, not counting the broadcast or network address.

           Previous versions worked only for ipV4 addresses, returned a maximum span of 2**32 and
           returned the number of IP addresses not counting the broadcast address.
                   (one greater than the new behavior)

           To use the old behavior for "->nth($index)" and "->num()":

             use NetAddr::IP::Lite qw(:old_nth);

           WARNING:

           NetAddr::IP will calculate and return a numeric string for network ranges as large as
           2**128. These values are TEXT strings and perl can treat them as integers for numeric
           calculations.

           Perl on 32 bit platforms only handles integer numbers up to 2**32 and on 64 bit
           platforms to 2**64.

           If you wish to manipulate numeric strings returned by NetAddr::IP that are larger than
           2**32 or 2**64, respectively,  you must load additional modules such as Math::BigInt,
           bignum or some similar package to do the integer math.

       "->re()"
           Returns a Perl regular expression that will match an IP address within the given
           subnet. Defaults to ipV4 notation. Will return an ipV6 regex if the address in not in
           ipV4 space.

       "->re6()"
           Returns a Perl regular expression that will match an IP address within the given
           subnet. Always returns an ipV6 regex.

EXPORT_OK
               Compact
               Coalesce
               Zeros
               Ones
               V4mask
               V4net
               netlimit

NOTES / BUGS ... FEATURES
       NetAddr::IP only runs in Pure Perl mode on Windows boxes because I don't have the
       resources or know how to get the "configure" stuff working in the Windows environment.
       Volunteers WELCOME to port the "C" portion of this module to Windows.

HISTORY
           See the Changes file

AUTHORS
       Luis E. Munoz <luismunoz AT cpan.org>, Michael Robinton <michael AT bizsystems.com>

WARRANTY
       This software comes with the same warranty as Perl itself (ie, none), so by using it you
       accept any and all the liability.

COPYRIGHT
       This software is (c) Luis E. Munoz, 1999 - 2007, and (c) Michael Robinton, 2006 - 2014.

       All rights reserved.

       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of
       either:

         a) the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
         Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
         later version, or

         b) the "Artistic License" which comes with this distribution.

       This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
       without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
       See either the GNU General Public License or the Artistic License for more details.

       You should have received a copy of the Artistic License with this distribution, in the
       file named "Artistic".  If not, I'll be glad to provide one.

       You should also have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this
       program in the file named "Copying". If not, write to the

               Free Software Foundation, Inc.
               51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor
               Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

       or visit their web page on the internet at:

               http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html.

SEE ALSO
         perl(1) L<NetAddr::IP::Lite>, L<NetAddr::IP::Util>,
       L<NetAddr::IP::InetBase>

perl v5.34.0                                2022-02-06                                    IP(3pm)

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