Net::HTTP(3pm) - phpMan

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Net::HTTP(3pm)                 User Contributed Perl Documentation                 Net::HTTP(3pm)

NAME
       Net::HTTP - Low-level HTTP connection (client)

VERSION
       version 6.22

SYNOPSIS
        use Net::HTTP;
        my $s = Net::HTTP->new(Host => "www.perl.com") || die $@;
        $s->write_request(GET => "/", 'User-Agent' => "Mozilla/5.0");
        my($code, $mess, %h) = $s->read_response_headers;

        while (1) {
           my $buf;
           my $n = $s->read_entity_body($buf, 1024);
           die "read failed: $!" unless defined $n;
           last unless $n;
           print $buf;
        }

DESCRIPTION
       The "Net::HTTP" class is a low-level HTTP client.  An instance of the "Net::HTTP" class
       represents a connection to an HTTP server.  The HTTP protocol is described in RFC 2616.
       The "Net::HTTP" class supports "HTTP/1.0" and "HTTP/1.1".

       "Net::HTTP" is a sub-class of one of "IO::Socket::IP" (IPv6+IPv4), "IO::Socket::INET6"
       (IPv6+IPv4), or "IO::Socket::INET" (IPv4 only).  You can mix the methods described below
       with reading and writing from the socket directly.  This is not necessary a good idea,
       unless you know what you are doing.

       The following methods are provided (in addition to those of "IO::Socket::INET"):

       "$s = Net::HTTP->new( %options )"
           The "Net::HTTP" constructor method takes the same options as "IO::Socket::INET"'s as
           well as these:

             Host:            Initial host attribute value
             KeepAlive:       Initial keep_alive attribute value
             SendTE:          Initial send_te attribute_value
             HTTPVersion:     Initial http_version attribute value
             PeerHTTPVersion: Initial peer_http_version attribute value
             MaxLineLength:   Initial max_line_length attribute value
             MaxHeaderLines:  Initial max_header_lines attribute value

           The "Host" option is also the default for "IO::Socket::INET"'s "PeerAddr".  The
           "PeerPort" defaults to 80 if not provided.  The "PeerPort" specification can also be
           embedded in the "PeerAddr" by preceding it with a ":", and closing the IPv6 address on
           brackets "[]" if necessary: "192.0.2.1:80","[2001:db8::1]:80","any.example.com:80".

           The "Listen" option provided by "IO::Socket::INET"'s constructor method is not
           allowed.

           If unable to connect to the given HTTP server then the constructor returns "undef" and
           $@ contains the reason.  After a successful connect, a "Net:HTTP" object is returned.

       "$s->host"
           Get/set the default value of the "Host" header to send.  The $host must not be set to
           an empty string (or "undef") for HTTP/1.1.

       "$s->keep_alive"
           Get/set the keep-alive value.  If this value is TRUE then the request will be sent
           with headers indicating that the server should try to keep the connection open so that
           multiple requests can be sent.

           The actual headers set will depend on the value of the "http_version" and
           "peer_http_version" attributes.

       "$s->send_te"
           Get/set the a value indicating if the request will be sent with a "TE" header to
           indicate the transfer encodings that the server can choose to use.  The list of
           encodings announced as accepted by this client depends on availability of the
           following modules: "Compress::Raw::Zlib" for deflate, and "IO::Compress::Gunzip" for
           gzip.

       "$s->http_version"
           Get/set the HTTP version number that this client should announce.  This value can only
           be set to "1.0" or "1.1".  The default is "1.1".

       "$s->peer_http_version"
           Get/set the protocol version number of our peer.  This value will initially be "1.0",
           but will be updated by a successful read_response_headers() method call.

       "$s->max_line_length"
           Get/set a limit on the length of response line and response header lines.  The default
           is 8192.  A value of 0 means no limit.

       "$s->max_header_length"
           Get/set a limit on the number of header lines that a response can have.  The default
           is 128.  A value of 0 means no limit.

       "$s->format_request($method, $uri, %headers, [$content])"
           Format a request message and return it as a string.  If the headers do not include a
           "Host" header, then a header is inserted with the value of the "host" attribute.
           Headers like "Connection" and "Keep-Alive" might also be added depending on the status
           of the "keep_alive" attribute.

           If $content is given (and it is non-empty), then a "Content-Length" header is
           automatically added unless it was already present.

       "$s->write_request($method, $uri, %headers, [$content])"
           Format and send a request message.  Arguments are the same as for format_request().
           Returns true if successful.

       "$s->format_chunk( $data )"
           Returns the string to be written for the given chunk of data.

       "$s->write_chunk($data)"
           Will write a new chunk of request entity body data.  This method should only be used
           if the "Transfer-Encoding" header with a value of "chunked" was sent in the request.
           Note, writing zero-length data is a no-op.  Use the write_chunk_eof() method to signal
           end of entity body data.

           Returns true if successful.

       "$s->format_chunk_eof( %trailers )"
           Returns the string to be written for signaling EOF when a "Transfer-Encoding" of
           "chunked" is used.

       "$s->write_chunk_eof( %trailers )"
           Will write eof marker for chunked data and optional trailers.  Note that trailers
           should not really be used unless is was signaled with a "Trailer" header.

           Returns true if successful.

       "($code, $mess, %headers) = $s->read_response_headers( %opts )"
           Read response headers from server and return it.  The $code is the 3 digit HTTP status
           code (see HTTP::Status) and $mess is the textual message that came with it.  Headers
           are then returned as key/value pairs.  Since key letter casing is not normalized and
           the same key can even occur multiple times, assigning these values directly to a hash
           is not wise.  Only the $code is returned if this method is called in scalar context.

           As a side effect this method updates the 'peer_http_version' attribute.

           Options might be passed in as key/value pairs.  There are currently only two options
           supported; "laxed" and "junk_out".

           The "laxed" option will make read_response_headers() more forgiving towards servers
           that have not learned how to speak HTTP properly.  The "laxed" option is a boolean
           flag, and is enabled by passing in a TRUE value.  The "junk_out" option can be used to
           capture bad header lines when "laxed" is enabled.  The value should be an array
           reference.  Bad header lines will be pushed onto the array.

           The "laxed" option must be specified in order to communicate with pre-HTTP/1.0 servers
           that don't describe the response outcome or the data they send back with a header
           block.  For these servers peer_http_version is set to "0.9" and this method returns
           (200, "Assumed OK").

           The method will raise an exception (die) if the server does not speak proper HTTP or
           if the "max_line_length" or "max_header_length" limits are reached.  If the "laxed"
           option is turned on and "max_line_length" and "max_header_length" checks are turned
           off, then no exception will be raised and this method will always return a response
           code.

       "$n = $s->read_entity_body($buf, $size);"
           Reads chunks of the entity body content.  Basically the same interface as for read()
           and sysread(), but the buffer offset argument is not supported yet.  This method
           should only be called after a successful read_response_headers() call.

           The return value will be "undef" on read errors, 0 on EOF, -1 if no data could be
           returned this time, otherwise the number of bytes assigned to $buf.  The $buf is set
           to "" when the return value is -1.

           You normally want to retry this call if this function returns either -1 or "undef"
           with $! as EINTR or EAGAIN (see Errno).  EINTR can happen if the application catches
           signals and EAGAIN can happen if you made the socket non-blocking.

           This method will raise exceptions (die) if the server does not speak proper HTTP.
           This can only happen when reading chunked data.

       "%headers = $s->get_trailers"
           After read_entity_body() has returned 0 to indicate end of the entity body, you might
           call this method to pick up any trailers.

       "$s->_rbuf"
           Get/set the read buffer content.  The read_response_headers() and read_entity_body()
           methods use an internal buffer which they will look for data before they actually
           sysread more from the socket itself.  If they read too much, the remaining data will
           be left in this buffer.

       "$s->_rbuf_length"
           Returns the number of bytes in the read buffer.  This should always be the same as:

               length($s->_rbuf)

           but might be more efficient.

SUBCLASSING
       The read_response_headers() and read_entity_body() will invoke the sysread() method when
       they need more data.  Subclasses might want to override this method to control how reading
       takes place.

       The object itself is a glob.  Subclasses should avoid using hash key names prefixed with
       "http_" and "io_".

SEE ALSO
       LWP, IO::Socket::INET, Net::HTTP::NB

AUTHOR
       Gisle Aas <gisle AT activestate.com>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
       This software is copyright (c) 2001 by Gisle Aas.

       This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as
       the Perl 5 programming language system itself.

perl v5.32.1                                2022-01-23                             Net::HTTP(3pm)

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