Math::Random::ISAAC(3pm) - phpMan

Math::Random::ISAAC(3pm) User Contributed Perl Documentation Math::Random::ISAAC(3pm)

NAME
Math::Random::ISAAC - Perl interface to the ISAAC PRNG algorithm

VERSION
version 1.004

SYNOPSIS
use Math::Random::ISAAC;

my $rng = Math::Random::ISAAC->new(@seeds);

for (0..30) {
print 'Result: ' . $rng->irand() . "\n";
}

DESCRIPTION
As with other Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) algorithms like the Mersenne Twister
(see Math::Random::MT), this algorithm is designed to take some seed information and
produce seemingly random results as output.

However, ISAAC (Indirection, Shift, Accumulate, Add, and Count) has different goals than
these commonly used algorithms. In particular, it's really fast - on average, it requires
only 18.75 machine cycles to generate a 32-bit value. This makes it suitable for
applications where a significant amount of random data needs to be produced quickly, such
solving using the Monte Carlo method or for games.

The results are uniformly distributed, unbiased, and unpredictable unless you know the
seed. The algorithm was published by Bob Jenkins in the late 90s and despite the best
efforts of many security researchers, no feasible attacks have been found to date.

USAGE WARNING
There was no method supplied to provide the initial seed data by the author. On his web
site, Bob Jenkins writes:

Seeding a random number generator is essentially the same problem as
encrypting the seed with a block cipher.

In the same spirit, by default, this module does not seed the algorithm at all -- it
simply fills the state with zeroes -- if no seed is provided. The idea is to remind users
that selecting good seed data for their purpose is important, and for the module to
conveniently set it to something like "localtime" behind-the-scenes hurts users in the
long run, since they don't understand the limitations of doing so.

The type of seed you might want to use depends entirely on the purpose of using this
algorithm in your program in the first place. Here are some possible seeding methods:

1 Math::TrulyRandom
The Math::TrulyRandom module provides a way of obtaining truly random data by using
timing interrupts. This is probably one of the better ways to seed the algorithm.

2 /dev/random
Using the system random device is, in principle, the best idea, since it gathers
entropy from various sources including interrupt timing, other device interrupts, etc.
However, it's not portable to anything other than Unix-like platforms, and might not
produce good data on some systems.

3 localtime()
This works for basic things like simulations, but results in not-so-random output,
especially if you create new instances quickly (as the seeds would be the same within
per-second resolution).

4 Time::HiRes
In theory, using Time::HiRes is the same as option (2), but you get a higher
resolution time so you're less likely to have the same seed twice. Note that you need
to transform the output into an integer somehow, perhaps by taking the least
significant bits or using a hash function. This would be less prone to duplicate
instances, but it's still not ideal.

METHODS
new
Math::Random::ISAAC->new( @seeds )

Creates a "Math::Random::ISAAC" object, based upon either the optimized C/XS version of
the algorithm, Math::Random::ISAAC::XS, or falls back to the included Pure Perl module,
Math::Random::ISAAC::PP.

Example code:

my $rng = Math::Random::ISAAC->new(time);

This method will return an appropriate Math::Random::ISAAC object or throw an exception on
error.

rand
$rng->rand()

Returns a random double-precision floating point number which is normalized between 0 and
1 (inclusive; it's a closed interval).

Internally, this simply takes the uniformly distributed unsigned integer from
"$rng->irand()" and divides it by "2**32-1" (maximum unsigned integer size)

Example code:

my $next = $rng->rand();

This method will return a double-precision floating point number or throw an exception on
error.

irand
$rng->irand()

Returns the next unsigned 32-bit random integer. It will return a value with a value such
that: 0 <= x <= 2**32-1.

Example code:

my $next = $rng->irand();

This method will return a 32-bit unsigned integer or throw an exception on error.

PURPOSE
The intent of this module is to provide single simple interface to the two compatible
implementations of this module, namely, Math::Random::ISAAC::XS and
Math::Random::ISAAC::PP.

If, for some reason, you need to determine what version of the module is actually being
included by "Math::Random::ISAAC", then:

print 'Backend type: ', $Math::Random::ISAAC::DRIVER, "\n";

In order to force use of one or the other, simply load the appropriate module:

use Math::Random::ISAAC::XS;
my $rng = Math::Random::ISAAC::XS->new();
# or
use Math::Random::ISAAC::PP;
my $rng = Math::Random::ISAAC::PP->new();

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
o Special thanks to Bob Jenkins <bob_jenkins AT burtleburtle.net> for devising this very
clever algorithm and releasing it into the public domain.

o Thanks to John L. Allen (contact unknown) for providing a Perl port of the original
ISAAC code, upon which "Math::Random::ISAAC::PP" is heavily based. His version is
available on Bob's web site, in the SEE ALSO section.

SEE ALSO
Math::Random::ISAAC::XS, the C/XS optimized version of this module, which will be used
automatically if available.

<http://burtleburtle.net/bob/rand/isaacafa.html>, Bob Jenkins' page about ISAAC, which
explains the algorithm as well as potential attacks.

<http://eprint.iacr.org/2006/438.pdf>, a paper entitled "On the pseudo-random generator
ISAAC," which claims there are many seeds which will produce non-uniform results. The
author, Jean-Philippe Aumasson, argues ISAAC should be using rotations (circular shifts)
instead of normal shifts to increase diffusion of the state, among other things.

<http://eprint.iacr.org/2001/049.pdf>, a paper by Marina Pudovkina discussing plaintext
attacks on the ISAAC keystream generator. Among other things, it notes that the time
complexity is Tmet = 4.67*10^1240, so it remains a secure cipher for practical
applications.

CAVEATS
o There is no method that allows re-seeding of algorithms. This is not really necessary
because one can simply call "new" again with the new seed data periodically.

But he also provides a simple workaround:

As ISAAC is intended to be a secure cipher, if you want to reseed it,
one way is to use some other cipher to seed some initial version of ISAAC,
then use ISAAC's output as a seed for other instances of ISAAC whenever
they need to be reseeded.

o There is no way to clone a PRNG instance. I'm not sure why this is might even be
necessary or useful. File a bug report with an explanation why and I'll consider
adding it to the next release.

BUGS
Please report any bugs or feature requests on the bugtracker website
http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=Math-Random-ISAAC

When submitting a bug or request, please include a test-file or a patch to an existing
test-file that illustrates the bug or desired feature.

AUTHOR
Jonathan Yu <jawnsy AT cpan.org>

But this is really just a legal technicality that allows the author to offer this package
under the public domain and also a variety of licensing options. For all intents and
purposes, this is public domain software, which means you can do whatever you want with
it.

The software is provided "AS IS", without warranty of any kind, express or implied,
including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular
purpose and noninfringement. In no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable
for any claim, damages or other liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or
otherwise, arising from, out of or in connection with the software or the use or other
dealings in the software.

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