phpman > man > DO(7)

DO(7)                              PostgreSQL 14.23 Documentation                              DO(7)



NAME
       DO - execute an anonymous code block

SYNOPSIS
       DO [ LANGUAGE lang_name ] code

DESCRIPTION
       DO executes an anonymous code block, or in other words a transient anonymous function in a
       procedural language.

       The code block is treated as though it were the body of a function with no parameters,
       returning void. It is parsed and executed a single time.

       The optional LANGUAGE clause can be written either before or after the code block.

PARAMETERS
       code
           The procedural language code to be executed. This must be specified as a string literal,
           just as in CREATE FUNCTION. Use of a dollar-quoted literal is recommended.

       lang_name
           The name of the procedural language the code is written in. If omitted, the default is
           plpgsql.

NOTES
       The procedural language to be used must already have been installed into the current database
       by means of CREATE EXTENSION.  plpgsql is installed by default, but other languages are not.

       The user must have USAGE privilege for the procedural language, or must be a superuser if the
       language is untrusted. This is the same privilege requirement as for creating a function in
       the language.

       If DO is executed in a transaction block, then the procedure code cannot execute transaction
       control statements. Transaction control statements are only allowed if DO is executed in its
       own transaction.

EXAMPLES
       Grant all privileges on all views in schema public to role webuser:

           DO $$DECLARE r record;
           BEGIN
               FOR r IN SELECT table_schema, table_name FROM information_schema.tables
                        WHERE table_type = 'VIEW' AND table_schema = 'public'
               LOOP
                   EXECUTE 'GRANT ALL ON ' || quote_ident(r.table_schema) || '.' || quote_ident(r.table_name) || ' TO webuser';
               END LOOP;
           END$$;

COMPATIBILITY
       There is no DO statement in the SQL standard.

SEE ALSO
       CREATE LANGUAGE (CREATE_LANGUAGE(7))



PostgreSQL 14.23                                2026                                           DO(7)