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Curses(3pm) User Contributed Perl Documentation Curses(3pm)

🏷️ NAME

Curses - terminal screen handling and optimization

🚀 Quick Reference

Use Case	Command	Description
Initialize curses	initscr()	Initialize terminal screen
End curses	endwin()	End curses mode, restore terminal
Add string at cursor	addstr(y, x, string)	Add string at position (y,x)
Get character input	getch()	Get a single character
Refresh window	refresh()	Refresh stdscr to screen
Unified function call	function(win, y, x, args)	Call any unified function with optional window and coordinates
Wide character input	getchar()	Get a wide character, returns string or function key
Add wide string	addstring(string)	Add a Perl string using wide-character-aware function

📝 SYNOPSIS

use Curses;

initscr;
...
endwin;

📖 DESCRIPTION

Curses is the interface between Perl and your system's curses(3) library. For descriptions on the usage of a given function, variable, or constant, consult your system's documentation, as such information invariably varies (:-) between different curses(3) libraries and operating systems. This document describes the interface itself, and assumes that you already know how your system's curses(3) library works.

🔗 Unified Functions

Many curses(3) functions have variants starting with the prefixes w-, mv-, and/or wmv-. These variants differ only in the explicit addition of a window, or by the addition of two coordinates that are used to move the cursor first. For example, addch() has three other variants: waddch(), mvaddch(), and mvwaddch(). The variants aren't very interesting; in fact, we could roll all of the variants into original function by allowing a variable number of arguments and analyzing the argument list for which variant the user wanted to call.

Unfortunately, curses(3) predates varargs(3), so in C we were stuck with all the variants. However, Curses is a Perl interface, so we are free to "unify" these variants into one function. The section "Available Functions" below lists all curses(3) functions Curses makes available as Perl equivalents, along with a column listing if it is unified. If so, it takes a varying number of arguments as follows:

function( [win], [y, x], args );

win is an optional window argument, defaulting to stdscr if not specified.

y, x is an optional coordinate pair used to move the cursor, defaulting to no move if not specified.

args are the required arguments of the function. These are the arguments you would specify if you were just calling the base function and not any of the variants.

This makes the variants obsolete, since their functionality has been merged into a single function, so Curses does not define them by default. You can still get them if you want, by setting the variable $Curses::OldCurses to a non-zero value before using the Curses package. See "Perl 4.X "cursperl" Compatibility" for an example of this.

🌐 Wide-Character-Aware Functions

The following are the preferred functions for working with strings, though they don't follow the normal unified function naming convention (based on the names in the Curses library) described above. Despite the naming, each corresponds to a Curses library function. For example, a getchar call performs a Curses library function in the getch family.

In addition to these functions, The Curses module contains corresponding functions with the conventional naming (e.g. getch); the duplication is for historical reasons. The preferred functions were new in Curses 1.29 (April 2014). They use the wide character functions in the Curses library if available (falling back to using the traditional non-wide-character versions). They also have a more Perl-like interface, taking care of some gory details under the hood about which a Perl programmer shouldn't have to worry.

The reason for two sets of string-handling functions is historical. The original Curses Perl module predates Curses libraries that understand multiple byte character encodings. Moreover, the module was designed to have a Perl interface that closely resembles the C interface syntactically and directly passes the internal byte representation of Perl strings to C code. This was probably fine before Perl got Unicode function, but today, Perl stores strings internally in either Latin-1 or Unicode UTF-8 and the original module was not sensitive to which encoding was used.

While most of the problems could be worked around in Perl code using the traditional interface, it's hard to get right and you need a wide-character-aware curses library (e.g. ncursesw) anyway to make it work properly. Because existing consumers of the Curses module may be relying on the traditional behavior, Curses module designers couldn't simply modify the existing functions to understand wide characters and convert from and to Perl strings.

None of these functions exist if Perl is older than 5.6.

getchar

This calls wget_wch(). It returns a character — more precisely, a one-character (not necessarily one-byte!) string holding the character — for a normal key and a two-element list (undef, key-number) for a function key. It returns undef on error.

If you don't expect function keys (i.e. with keypad(0)), you can simply do

my $ch = getchar;
die "getchar failed" unless defined $ch;

If you do expect function keys (i.e. with keypad(1)), you can still assign the result to a scalar variable as above. Because of of the way the comma operator works, that variable will receive either undef or the string or the number, and you can decode it yourself.

my $ch = getchar;
die "getchar failed" unless defined $ch;
if ($ch looks like a number >= 0x100) {
    # handle function key
} else {
    # handle normal key
}

or do

my ($ch, $key) = getchar;
if (defined $key) {
    # handle function key $key
} elsif (defined $ch) {
    # handle normal key $ch
} else {
    die "getchar failed";
}

If wget_wch() is not available (i.e. The Curses library does not understand wide characters), this calls wgetch(), but returns the values described above nonetheless. This can be a problem because with a multibyte character encoding like UTF-8, you will receive two one-character strings for a two-byte-character (e.g. "o" and "a1/2" for "a1/2"). If you append these characters to a Perl string, that string may internally contain a valid UTF-8 encoding of a character, but Perl will not interpret it that way. Perl may even try to convert what it believes to be two characters to UTF-8, giving you four bytes.

getstring

This calls wgetn_wstr and returns a string or undef. It cannot return a function key value; the Curses library will itself interpret KEY_LEFT and KEY_BACKSPACE.

If wgett_wstr() is unavailable, this calls wgetstr().

In both cases, the function allocates a buffer of fixed size to hold the result of the Curses library call.

my $s = getstring();
die "getstring failed" unless defined $s;

addstring/insstring

This adds/inserts the Perl string passed as an argument to the Curses window using waddnwstr()/wins_nwstr() or, if unavailable, waddnstr()/winsnstr(). It returns a true value on success, false on failure.

addstring("Hälla!, Wärld") || die "addstring failed";

instring

This returns a Perl string (or undef on failure) holding the characters from the current cursor position up to the end of the line. It uses winnwstr() if available, and otherwise innstr().

my $s = instring();
die "instring failed" unless defined $s;

ungetchar

This pushes one character (passed as a one-character Perl string) back to the input queue. It uses unget_wch() or ungetch(). It returns a true value on success, false on failure. It cannot push back a function key; the Curses library provides no way to push back function keys, only characters.

ungetchar("X") || die "ungetchar failed";

The Curses module provides no interface to the complex-character routines (wadd_wch(), wadd_wchnstr(), wecho_wchar(), win_wch(), win_wchnstr(), wins_wch()) because there is no sensible way of converting from Perl to a C cchar_t or back.

🧩 Objects

Objects work. Example:

$win = new Curses;
$win->addstr(10, 10, 'foo');
$win->refresh;
...

Any function that has been marked as unified (see "Available Functions" below and "Unified Functions" above) can be called as a method for a Curses object.

Do not use initscr() if using objects, as the first call to get a new Curses will do it for you.

🔒 Security Concerns

It has always been the case with the curses functions, but please note that the following functions:

• getstr() (and optional wgetstr(), mvgetstr(), and mvwgetstr())
• inchstr() (and optional winchstr(), mvinchstr(), and mvwinchstr())
• instr() (and optional winstr(), mvinstr(), and mvwinstr())

are subject to buffer overflow attack. This is because you pass in the buffer to be filled in, which has to be of finite length, but there is no way to stop a bad guy from typing.

In order to avoid this problem, use the alternate functions:

• getnstr()
• inchnstr()
• innstr()

which take an extra "size of buffer" argument or the wide-character-aware getstring() and instring() versions.

🔄 COMPATIBILITY

🐪 Perl 4.X "cursperl" Compatibility

Curses was written to take advantage of features of Perl 5 and later. The author thought it was better to provide an improved curses programming environment than to be 100% compatible. However, many old "curseperl" applications will probably still work by starting the script with:

BEGIN { $Curses::OldCurses = 1; }
use Curses;

Any old application that still does not work should print an understandable error message explaining the problem.

Some functions and variables are not available through Curses, even with the BEGIN line. They are listed under "Curses items not available through Perl Curses".

The variables $stdscr and $curscr are also available as functions stdscr and curscr. This is because of a Perl bug. See the LIMITATIONS section for details.

⚠️ Incompatibilities with previous versions of Curses

In previous versions of this software, some Perl functions took a different set of parameters than their C counterparts. This is not true in the current version. You should now use getstr($str) and getyx($y, $x) instead of $str = getstr() and ($y, $x) = getyx().

🩺 DIAGNOSTICS

• 🔸 Curses function '%s' called with too %s arguments at ... — You have called a Curses function with a wrong number of arguments.
• 🔸 argument %d to Curses function '%s' is not a Curses %s at ... — The argument you gave to the function wasn't of a valid type for the place you used it. This probably means that you didn't give the right arguments to a unified function. See the DESCRIPTION section on "Unified Functions" for more information.
• 🔸 argument is not a Curses %s at ... — Same as above.
• 🔸 Curses function '%s' is not defined in your Curses library at ... — Your code has a call to a Perl Curses function that your system's Curses library doesn't provide.
• 🔸 Curses variable '%s' is not defined in your Curses library at ... — Your code has a Perl Curses variable that your system's Curses library doesn't provide.
• 🔸 Curses constant '%s' is not defined in your Curses library at ... — Your code references the specified Curses constant, and your system's Curses library doesn't provide it.
• 🔸 Curses::Vars::FETCH called with bad index at ... — You've been playing with the tie interface to the Curses variables. Don't do that. :-)
• 🔸 Anything else — Check out the perldiag man page to see if the error is in there.

⛔ LIMITATIONS

If you use the variables $stdscr and $curscr instead of their functional counterparts (stdscr and curscr), you might run into a bug in Perl where the "magic" isn't called early enough. This is manifested by the Curses package telling you $stdscr isn't a window. One workaround is to put a line like $stdscr = $stdscr near the front of your program.

👤 AUTHOR

William Setzer <William_Setzer AT ncsu.edu>

📋 SYNOPSIS OF PERL CURSES AVAILABILITY

📋 Available Functions

Available Function	Unified?	Available via $OldCurses[*]
addch	Yes	waddch mvaddch mvwaddch
echochar	Yes	wechochar
addchstr	Yes	waddchstr mvaddchstr mvwaddchstr
addchnstr	Yes	waddchnstr mvaddchnstr mvwaddchnstr
addstr	Yes	waddstr mvaddstr mvwaddstr
addnstr	Yes	waddnstr mvaddnstr mvwaddnstr
attroff	Yes	wattroff
attron	Yes	wattron
attrset	Yes	wattrset
standend	Yes	wstandend
standout	Yes	wstandout
attr_get	Yes	wattr_get
attr_off	Yes	wattr_off
attr_on	Yes	wattr_on
attr_set	Yes	wattr_set
chgat	Yes	wchgat mvchgat mvwchgat
COLOR_PAIR	No
PAIR_NUMBER	No
beep	No
flash	No
bkgd	Yes	wbkgd
bkgdset	Yes	wbkgdset
getbkgd	Yes
border	Yes	wborder
box	Yes
hline	Yes	whline mvhline mvwhline
vline	Yes	wvline mvvline mvwvline
erase	Yes	werase
clear	Yes	wclear
clrtobot	Yes	wclrtobot
clrtoeol	Yes	wclrtoeol
start_color	No
init_pair	No
init_color	No
has_colors	No
can_change_color	No
color_content	No
pair_content	No
delch	Yes	wdelch mvdelch mvwdelch
deleteln	Yes	wdeleteln
insdelln	Yes	winsdelln
insertln	Yes	winsertln
getch	Yes	wgetch mvgetch mvwgetch
ungetch	No
has_key	No
KEY_F	No
getstr	Yes	wgetstr mvgetstr mvwgetstr
getnstr	Yes	wgetnstr mvgetnstr mvwgetnstr
getyx	Yes
getparyx	Yes
getbegyx	Yes
getmaxyx	Yes
inch	Yes	winch mvinch mvwinch
inchstr	Yes	winchstr mvinchstr mvwinchstr
inchnstr	Yes	winchnstr mvinchnstr mvwinchnstr
initscr	No
endwin	No
isendwin	No
newterm	No
set_term	No
delscreen	No
cbreak	No
nocbreak	No
echo	No
noecho	No
halfdelay	No
intrflush	Yes
keypad	Yes
meta	Yes
nodelay	Yes
notimeout	Yes
raw	No
noraw	No
qiflush	No
noqiflush	No
timeout	Yes	wtimeout
typeahead	No
insch	Yes	winsch mvinsch mvwinsch
insstr	Yes	winsstr mvinsstr mvwinsstr
insnstr	Yes	winsnstr mvinsnstr mvwinsnstr
instr	Yes	winstr mvinstr mvwinstr
innstr	Yes	winnstr mvinnstr mvwinnstr
def_prog_mode	No
def_shell_mode	No
reset_prog_mode	No
reset_shell_mode	No
resetty	No
savetty	No
getsyx	No
setsyx	No
curs_set	No
napms	No
move	Yes	wmove
clearok	Yes
idlok	Yes
idcok	Yes
immedok	Yes
leaveok	Yes
setscrreg	Yes	wsetscrreg
scrollok	Yes
nl	No
nonl	No
overlay	No
overwrite	No
copywin	No
newpad	No
subpad	No
prefresh	No
pnoutrefresh	No
pechochar	No
refresh	Yes	wrefresh
noutrefresh	Yes	wnoutrefresh
doupdate	No
redrawwin	Yes
redrawln	Yes	wredrawln
scr_dump	No
scr_restore	No
scr_init	No
scr_set	No
scroll	Yes
scrl	Yes	wscrl
slk_init	No
slk_set	No
slk_refresh	No
slk_noutrefresh	No
slk_label	No
slk_clear	No
slk_restore	No
slk_touch	No
slk_attron	No
slk_attrset	No
slk_attr	No
slk_attroff	No
slk_color	No
baudrate	No
erasechar	No
has_ic	No
has_il	No
killchar	No
longname	No
termattrs	No
termname	No
touchwin	Yes
touchline	Yes
untouchwin	Yes
touchln	Yes	wtouchln
is_linetouched	Yes
is_wintouched	Yes
unctrl	No
keyname	No
filter	No
use_env	No
putwin	No
getwin	No
delay_output	No
flushinp	No
newwin	No
delwin	Yes
mvwin	Yes
subwin	Yes
derwin	Yes
mvderwin	Yes
dupwin	Yes
syncup	Yes	wsyncup
syncok	Yes
cursyncup	Yes	wcursyncup
syncdown	Yes	wsyncdown
getmouse	No
ungetmouse	No
mousemask	No
enclose	Yes	wenclose
mouse_trafo	Yes	wmouse_trafo
mouseinterval	No
BUTTON_RELEASE	No
BUTTON_PRESS	No
BUTTON_CLICK	No
BUTTON_DOUBLE_CLICK	No
BUTTON_TRIPLE_CLICK	No
BUTTON_RESERVED_EVENT	No
use_default_colors	No
assume_default_colors	No
define_key	No
keybound	No
keyok	No
resizeterm	No
resize	Yes	wresize
getmaxy	Yes
getmaxx	Yes
flusok	Yes
getcap	No
touchoverlap	No
new_panel	No
bottom_panel	No
top_panel	No
show_panel	No
update_panels	No
hide_panel	No
panel_window	No
replace_panel	No
move_panel	No
panel_hidden	No
panel_above	No
panel_below	No
set_panel_userptr	No
panel_userptr	No
del_panel	No
set_menu_fore	No
menu_fore	No
set_menu_back	No
menu_back	No
set_menu_grey	No
menu_grey	No
set_menu_pad	No
menu_pad	No
pos_menu_cursor	No
menu_driver	No
set_menu_format	No
menu_format	No
set_menu_items	No
menu_items	No
item_count	No
set_menu_mark	No
menu_mark	No
new_menu	No
free_menu	No
menu_opts	No
set_menu_opts	No
menu_opts_on	No
menu_opts_off	No
set_menu_pattern	No
menu_pattern	No
post_menu	No
unpost_menu	No
set_menu_userptr	No
menu_userptr	No
set_menu_win	No
menu_win	No
set_menu_sub	No
menu_sub	No
scale_menu	No
set_current_item	No
current_item	No
set_top_row	No
top_row	No
item_index	No
item_name	No
item_description	No
new_item	No
free_item	No
set_item_opts	No
item_opts_on	No
item_opts_off	No
item_opts	No
item_userptr	No
set_item_userptr	No
set_item_value	No
item_value	No
item_visible	No
menu_request_name	No
menu_request_by_name	No
set_menu_spacing	No
menu_spacing	No
pos_form_cursor	No
data_ahead	No
data_behind	No
form_driver	No
set_form_fields	No
form_fields	No
field_count	No
move_field	No
new_form	No
free_form	No
set_new_page	No
new_page	No
set_form_opts	No
form_opts_on	No
form_opts_off	No
form_opts	No
set_current_field	No
current_field	No
set_form_page	No
form_page	No
field_index	No
post_form	No
unpost_form	No
set_form_userptr	No
form_userptr	No
set_form_win	No
form_win	No
set_form_sub	No
form_sub	No
scale_form	No
set_field_fore	No
field_fore	No
set_field_back	No
field_back	No
set_field_pad	No
field_pad	No
set_field_buffer	No
field_buffer	No
set_field_status	No
field_status	No
set_max_field	No
field_info	No
dynamic_field_info	No
set_field_just	No
field_just	No
new_field	No
dup_field	No
link_field	No
free_field	No
set_field_opts	No
field_opts_on	No
field_opts_off	No
field_opts	No
set_field_userptr	No
field_userptr	No
field_arg	No
form_request_name	No
form_request_by_name	No

[*] To use any functions in this column, the program must set the variable $Curses::OldCurses variable to a non-zero value before using the Curses package. See "Perl 4.X cursperl Compatibility" for an example of this.

🌐 Available Wide-Character-Aware Functions

Function	Uses wide-character call	Reverts to legacy call
getchar	wget_wch	wgetch
getstring	wgetn_wstr	wgetnstr
ungetchar	unget_wch	ungetch
instring	winnwtr	winnstr
addstring	waddnwstr	waddnstr
insstring	wins_nwstr	winsnstr

🧮 Available Variables

• LINES
• COLS
• stdscr
• curscr
• COLORS
• COLOR_PAIRS

🔢 Available Constants

• ERR
• OK
• ACS_BLOCK
• ACS_BOARD
• ACS_BTEE
• ACS_BULLET
• ACS_CKBOARD
• ACS_DARROW
• ACS_DEGREE
• ACS_DIAMOND
• ACS_HLINE
• ACS_LANTERN
• ACS_LARROW
• ACS_LLCORNER
• ACS_LRCORNER
• ACS_LTEE
• ACS_PLMINUS
• ACS_PLUS
• ACS_RARROW
• ACS_RTEE
• ACS_S1
• ACS_S9
• ACS_TTEE
• ACS_UARROW
• ACS_ULCORNER
• ACS_URCORNER
• ACS_VLINE
• A_ALTCHARSET
• A_ATTRIBUTES
• A_BLINK
• A_BOLD
• A_CHARTEXT
• A_COLOR
• A_DIM
• A_INVIS
• A_NORMAL
• A_PROTECT
• A_REVERSE
• A_STANDOUT
• A_UNDERLINE
• COLOR_BLACK
• COLOR_BLUE
• COLOR_CYAN
• COLOR_GREEN
• COLOR_MAGENTA
• COLOR_RED
• COLOR_WHITE
• COLOR_YELLOW
• KEY_A1
• KEY_A3
• KEY_B2
• KEY_BACKSPACE
• KEY_BEG
• KEY_BREAK
• KEY_BTAB
• KEY_C1
• KEY_C3
• KEY_CANCEL
• KEY_CATAB
• KEY_CLEAR
• KEY_CLOSE
• KEY_COMMAND
• KEY_COPY
• KEY_CREATE
• KEY_CTAB
• KEY_DC
• KEY_DL
• KEY_DOWN
• KEY_EIC
• KEY_END
• KEY_ENTER
• KEY_EOL
• KEY_EOS
• KEY_EVENT
• KEY_EXIT
• KEY_F0
• KEY_FIND
• KEY_HELP
• KEY_HOME
• KEY_IC
• KEY_IL
• KEY_LEFT
• KEY_LL
• KEY_MARK
• KEY_MAX
• KEY_MESSAGE
• KEY_MIN
• KEY_MOVE
• KEY_NEXT
• KEY_NPAGE
• KEY_OPEN
• KEY_OPTIONS
• KEY_PPAGE
• KEY_PREVIOUS
• KEY_PRINT
• KEY_REDO
• KEY_REFERENCE
• KEY_REFRESH
• KEY_REPLACE
• KEY_RESET
• KEY_RESIZE
• KEY_RESTART
• KEY_RESUME
• KEY_RIGHT
• KEY_SAVE
• KEY_SBEG
• KEY_SCANCEL
• KEY_SCOMMAND
• KEY_SCOPY
• KEY_SCREATE
• KEY_SDC
• KEY_SDL
• KEY_SELECT
• KEY_SEND
• KEY_SEOL
• KEY_SEXIT
• KEY_SF
• KEY_SFIND
• KEY_SHELP
• KEY_SHOME
• KEY_SIC
• KEY_SLEFT
• KEY_SMESSAGE
• KEY_SMOVE
• KEY_SNEXT
• KEY_SOPTIONS
• KEY_SPREVIOUS
• KEY_SPRINT
• KEY_SR
• KEY_SREDO
• KEY_SREPLACE
• KEY_SRESET
• KEY_SRIGHT
• KEY_SRSUME
• KEY_SSAVE
• KEY_SSUSPEND
• KEY_STAB
• KEY_SUNDO
• KEY_SUSPEND
• KEY_UNDO
• KEY_UP
• KEY_MOUSE
• BUTTON1_RELEASED
• BUTTON1_PRESSED
• BUTTON1_CLICKED
• BUTTON1_DOUBLE_CLICKED
• BUTTON1_TRIPLE_CLICKED
• BUTTON1_RESERVED_EVENT
• BUTTON2_RELEASED
• BUTTON2_PRESSED
• BUTTON2_CLICKED
• BUTTON2_DOUBLE_CLICKED
• BUTTON2_TRIPLE_CLICKED
• BUTTON2_RESERVED_EVENT
• BUTTON3_RELEASED
• BUTTON3_PRESSED
• BUTTON3_CLICKED
• BUTTON3_DOUBLE_CLICKED
• BUTTON3_TRIPLE_CLICKED
• BUTTON3_RESERVED_EVENT
• BUTTON4_RELEASED
• BUTTON4_PRESSED
• BUTTON4_CLICKED
• BUTTON4_DOUBLE_CLICKED
• BUTTON4_TRIPLE_CLICKED
• BUTTON4_RESERVED_EVENT
• ALL_MOUSE_EVENTS
• REPORT_MOUSE_POSITION
• NCURSES_MOUSE_VERSION
• E_OK
• E_SYSTEM_ERROR
• E_BAD_ARGUMENT
• E_POSTED
• E_CONNECTED
• E_BAD_STATE
• E_NO_ROOM
• E_NOT_POSTED
• E_UNKNOWN_COMMAND
• E_NO_MATCH
• E_NOT_SELECTABLE
• E_NOT_CONNECTED
• E_REQUEST_DENIED
• E_INVALID_FIELD
• E_CURRENT
• REQ_LEFT_ITEM
• REQ_RIGHT_ITEM
• REQ_UP_ITEM
• REQ_DOWN_ITEM
• REQ_SCR_ULINE
• REQ_SCR_DLINE
• REQ_SCR_DPAGE
• REQ_SCR_UPAGE
• REQ_FIRST_ITEM
• REQ_LAST_ITEM
• REQ_NEXT_ITEM
• REQ_PREV_ITEM
• REQ_TOGGLE_ITEM
• REQ_CLEAR_PATTERN
• REQ_BACK_PATTERN
• REQ_NEXT_MATCH
• REQ_PREV_MATCH
• MIN_MENU_COMMAND
• MAX_MENU_COMMAND
• O_ONEVALUE
• O_SHOWDESC
• O_ROWMAJOR
• O_IGNORECASE
• O_SHOWMATCH
• O_NONCYCLIC
• O_SELECTABLE
• REQ_NEXT_PAGE
• REQ_PREV_PAGE
• REQ_FIRST_PAGE
• REQ_LAST_PAGE
• REQ_NEXT_FIELD
• REQ_PREV_FIELD
• REQ_FIRST_FIELD
• REQ_LAST_FIELD
• REQ_SNEXT_FIELD
• REQ_SPREV_FIELD
• REQ_SFIRST_FIELD
• REQ_SLAST_FIELD
• REQ_LEFT_FIELD
• REQ_RIGHT_FIELD
• REQ_UP_FIELD
• REQ_DOWN_FIELD
• REQ_NEXT_CHAR
• REQ_PREV_CHAR
• REQ_NEXT_LINE
• REQ_PREV_LINE
• REQ_NEXT_WORD
• REQ_PREV_WORD
• REQ_BEG_FIELD
• REQ_END_FIELD
• REQ_BEG_LINE
• REQ_END_LINE
• REQ_LEFT_CHAR
• REQ_RIGHT_CHAR
• REQ_UP_CHAR
• REQ_DOWN_CHAR
• REQ_NEW_LINE
• REQ_INS_CHAR
• REQ_INS_LINE
• REQ_DEL_CHAR
• REQ_DEL_PREV
• REQ_DEL_LINE
• REQ_DEL_WORD
• REQ_CLR_EOL
• REQ_CLR_EOF
• REQ_CLR_FIELD
• REQ_OVL_MODE
• REQ_INS_MODE
• REQ_SCR_FLINE
• REQ_SCR_BLINE
• REQ_SCR_FPAGE
• REQ_SCR_BPAGE
• REQ_SCR_FHPAGE
• REQ_SCR_BHPAGE
• REQ_SCR_FCHAR
• REQ_SCR_BCHAR
• REQ_SCR_HFLINE
• REQ_SCR_HBLINE
• REQ_SCR_HFHALF
• REQ_SCR_HBHALF
• REQ_VALIDATION
• REQ_NEXT_CHOICE
• REQ_PREV_CHOICE
• MIN_FORM_COMMAND
• MAX_FORM_COMMAND
• NO_JUSTIFICATION
• JUSTIFY_LEFT
• JUSTIFY_CENTER
• JUSTIFY_RIGHT
• O_VISIBLE
• O_ACTIVE
• O_PUBLIC
• O_EDIT
• O_WRAP
• O_BLANK
• O_AUTOSKIP
• O_NULLOK
• O_PASSOK
• O_STATIC
• O_NL_OVERLOAD
• O_BS_OVERLOAD

🚫 Curses functions not available through Perl Curses

• tstp
• _putchar
• fullname
• scanw
• wscanw
• mvscanw
• mvwscanw
• ripoffline
• setupterm
• setterm
• set_curterm
• del_curterm
• restartterm
• tparm
• tputs
• putp
• vidputs
• vidattr
• mvcur
• tigetflag
• tigetnum
• tigetstr
• tgetent
• tgetflag
• tgetnum
• tgetstr
• tgoto
• tputs

Curses menu functions not available through Perl Curses:

• set_item_init
• item_init
• set_item_term
• item_term
• set_menu_init
• menu_init
• set_menu_term
• menu_term

Curses form functions not available through Perl Curses:

• new_fieldtype
• free_fieldtype
• set_fieldtype_arg
• set_fieldtype_choice
• link_fieldtype
• set_form_init
• form_init
• set_form_term
• form_term
• set_field_init
• field_init
• set_field_term
• field_term
• set_field_type
• field_type

perl v5.34.0 2022-02-06 Curses(3pm)

Curses(3pm) User Contributed Perl Documentation Curses(3pm) 🏷️ NAME 🚀 Quick Reference 📝 SYNOPSIS 📖 DESCRIPTION 🔄 COMPATIBILITY 🩺 DIAGNOSTICS ⛔ LIMITATIONS 👤 AUTHOR 📋 SYNOPSIS OF PERL CURSES AVAILABILITY