# pkgutil - pydoc - phpman

> **TLDR:** Query and manipulate Mac OS X Installer packages and receipts.
>
- List package IDs for all installed packages:
  `pkgutil --pkgs`
- Verify cryptographic signatures of a package file:
  `pkgutil --check-signature {{path/to/file.pkg}}`
- List all the files for an installed package given its ID:
  `pkgutil --files {{com.microsoft.Word}}`
- Extract the contents of a package file into a directory:
  `pkgutil --expand-full {{path/to/file.pkg}} {{path/to/directory}}`

*Source: tldr-pages*

---

Help on module pkgutil:

## NAME
    pkgutil - Utilities to support packages.

## MODULE REFERENCE
    <https://docs.python.org/3.10/library/pkgutil.html>

    The following documentation is automatically generated from the Python
    source files.  It may be incomplete, incorrect or include features that
    are considered implementation detail and may vary between Python
    implementations.  When in doubt, consult the module reference at the
    location listed above.

## CLASSES
    builtins.object
        ImpImporter
        ImpLoader
    builtins.tuple(builtins.object)
        ModuleInfo

### class ImpImporter
     |  ImpImporter(path=None)
     |
     |  PEP 302 Finder that wraps Python's "classic" import algorithm
     |
     |  ImpImporter(dirname) produces a PEP 302 finder that searches that
     |  directory.  ImpImporter(None) produces a PEP 302 finder that searches
     |  the current sys.path, plus any modules that are frozen or built-in.
     |
     |  Note that ImpImporter does not currently support being used by placement
     |  on sys.meta_path.
     |
     |  Methods defined here:
     |
     |  __init__(self, path=None)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |
     |  find_module(self, fullname, path=None)
     |
     |  iter_modules(self, prefix='')
     |
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)

### class ImpLoader
     |  ImpLoader(fullname, file, filename, etc)
     |
     |  PEP 302 Loader that wraps Python's "classic" import algorithm
     |
     |  Methods defined here:
     |
     |  __init__(self, fullname, file, filename, etc)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |
     |  get_code(self, fullname=None)
     |
     |  get_data(self, pathname)
     |
     |  get_filename(self, fullname=None)
     |
     |  get_source(self, fullname=None)
     |
     |  is_package(self, fullname)
     |
     |  load_module(self, fullname)
     |
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |
     |  code = None
     |
     |  source = None

### class ModuleInfo
     |  ModuleInfo(module_finder, name, ispkg)
     |
     |  A namedtuple with minimal info about a module.
     |
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      ModuleInfo
     |      builtins.tuple
     |      builtins.object
     |
     |  Methods defined here:
     |
     |  __getnewargs__(self)
     |      Return self as a plain tuple.  Used by copy and pickle.
     |
     |  __repr__(self)
     |      Return a nicely formatted representation string
     |
     |  _asdict(self)
     |      Return a new dict which maps field names to their values.
     |
     |  _replace(self, /, **kwds)
     |      Return a new ModuleInfo object replacing specified fields with new values
     |
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Class methods defined here:
     |
     |  _make(iterable) from builtins.type
     |      Make a new ModuleInfo object from a sequence or iterable
     |
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Static methods defined here:
     |
     |  __new__(_cls, module_finder, name, ispkg)
     |      Create new instance of ModuleInfo(module_finder, name, ispkg)
     |
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |
     |  module_finder
     |      Alias for field number 0
     |
     |  name
     |      Alias for field number 1
     |
     |  ispkg
     |      Alias for field number 2
     |
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |
     |  __match_args__ = ('module_finder', 'name', 'ispkg')
     |
     |  _field_defaults = {}
     |
     |  _fields = ('module_finder', 'name', 'ispkg')
     |
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from builtins.tuple:
     |
     |  __add__(self, value, /)
     |      Return self+value.
     |
     |  __contains__(self, key, /)
     |      Return key in self.
     |
     |  __eq__(self, value, /)
     |      Return self==value.
     |
     |  __ge__(self, value, /)
     |      Return self>=value.
     |
     |  __getattribute__(self, name, /)
     |      Return getattr(self, name).
     |
     |  __getitem__(self, key, /)
     |      Return self[key].
     |
     |  __gt__(self, value, /)
     |      Return self>value.
     |
     |  __hash__(self, /)
     |      Return hash(self).
     |
     |  __iter__(self, /)
     |      Implement iter(self).
     |
     |  __le__(self, value, /)
     |      Return self<=value.
     |
     |  __len__(self, /)
     |      Return len(self).
     |
     |  __lt__(self, value, /)
     |      Return self<value.
     |
     |  __mul__(self, value, /)
     |      Return self*value.
     |
     |  __ne__(self, value, /)
     |      Return self!=value.
     |
     |  __rmul__(self, value, /)
     |      Return value*self.
     |
     |  count(self, value, /)
     |      Return number of occurrences of value.
     |
     |  index(self, value, start=0, stop=9223372036854775807, /)
     |      Return first index of value.
     |
     |      Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
     |
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Class methods inherited from builtins.tuple:
     |
     |  __class_getitem__(...) from builtins.type
     |      See PEP 585

## FUNCTIONS
### extend_path
        Extend a package's path.

        Intended use is to place the following code in a package's __init__.py:

            from pkgutil import extend_path
            __path__ = extend_path(__path__, __name__)

        This will add to the package's __path__ all subdirectories of
        directories on sys.path named after the package.  This is useful
        if one wants to distribute different parts of a single logical
        package as multiple directories.

        It also looks for *.pkg files beginning where * matches the name
        argument.  This feature is similar to *.pth files (see site.py),
        except that it doesn't special-case lines starting with 'import'.
        A *.pkg file is trusted at face value: apart from checking for
        duplicates, all entries found in a *.pkg file are added to the
        path, regardless of whether they are exist the filesystem.  (This
        is a feature.)

        If the input path is not a list (as is the case for frozen
        packages) it is returned unchanged.  The input path is not
        modified; an extended copy is returned.  Items are only appended
        to the copy at the end.

        It is assumed that sys.path is a sequence.  Items of sys.path that
        are not (unicode or 8-bit) strings referring to existing
        directories are ignored.  Unicode items of sys.path that cause
        errors when used as filenames may cause this function to raise an
        exception (in line with os.path.isdir() behavior).

### find_loader
        Find a "loader" object for fullname

        This is a backwards compatibility wrapper around
        importlib.util.find_spec that converts most failures to ImportError
        and only returns the loader rather than the full spec

### get_data
        Get a resource from a package.

        This is a wrapper round the PEP 302 loader get_data API. The package
        argument should be the name of a package, in standard module format
        (foo.bar). The resource argument should be in the form of a relative
        filename, using '/' as the path separator. The parent directory name '..'
        is not allowed, and nor is a rooted name (starting with a '/').

        The function returns a binary string, which is the contents of the
        specified resource.

        For packages located in the filesystem, which have already been imported,
        this is the rough equivalent of

            d = os.path.dirname(sys.modules[package].__file__)
            data = open(os.path.join(d, resource), 'rb').read()

        If the package cannot be located or loaded, or it uses a PEP 302 loader
        which does not support get_data(), then None is returned.

### get_importer
        Retrieve a finder for the given path item

        The returned finder is cached in sys.path_importer_cache
        if it was newly created by a path hook.

        The cache (or part of it) can be cleared manually if a
        rescan of sys.path_hooks is necessary.

### get_loader
        Get a "loader" object for module_or_name

        Returns None if the module cannot be found or imported.
        If the named module is not already imported, its containing package
        (if any) is imported, in order to establish the package __path__.

### iter_importers
        Yield finders for the given module name

        If fullname contains a '.', the finders will be for the package
        containing fullname, otherwise they will be all registered top level
        finders (i.e. those on both sys.meta_path and sys.path_hooks).

        If the named module is in a package, that package is imported as a side
        effect of invoking this function.

        If no module name is specified, all top level finders are produced.

### iter_modules
        Yields ModuleInfo for all submodules on path,
        or, if path is None, all top-level modules on sys.path.

        'path' should be either None or a list of paths to look for
        modules in.

        'prefix' is a string to output on the front of every module name
        on output.

### read_code

### walk_packages
        Yields ModuleInfo for all modules recursively
        on path, or, if path is None, all accessible modules.

        'path' should be either None or a list of paths to look for
        modules in.

        'prefix' is a string to output on the front of every module name
        on output.

        Note that this function must import all *packages* (NOT all
        modules!) on the given path, in order to access the __path__
        attribute to find submodules.

        'onerror' is a function which gets called with one argument (the
        name of the package which was being imported) if any exception
        occurs while trying to import a package.  If no onerror function is
        supplied, ImportErrors are caught and ignored, while all other
        exceptions are propagated, terminating the search.

        Examples:

        # list all modules python can access
        walk_packages()

        # list all submodules of ctypes
        walk_packages(ctypes.__path__, ctypes.__name__+'.')

## DATA
    __all__ = ['get_importer', 'iter_importers', 'get_loader', 'find_loade...

## FILE
    /usr/lib/python3.10/pkgutil.py