{
    "mode": "perldoc",
    "parameter": "I18N::LangTags::List",
    "section": "",
    "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/I18N%3A%3ALangTags%3A%3AList/json",
    "generated": "2026-10-04T18:13:22Z",
    "synopsis": "use I18N::LangTags::List;\nprint \"Parlez-vous... \", join(', ',\nI18N::LangTags::List::name('elx') || 'unknownlanguage',\nI18N::LangTags::List::name('ar-Kw') || 'unknownlanguage',\nI18N::LangTags::List::name('en') || 'unknownlanguage',\nI18N::LangTags::List::name('en-CA') || 'unknownlanguage',\n), \"?\\n\";\nprints:\nParlez-vous... Elamite, Kuwait Arabic, English, Canadian English?",
    "sections": {
        "NAME": {
            "content": "I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "SYNOPSIS": {
            "content": "use I18N::LangTags::List;\nprint \"Parlez-vous... \", join(', ',\nI18N::LangTags::List::name('elx') || 'unknownlanguage',\nI18N::LangTags::List::name('ar-Kw') || 'unknownlanguage',\nI18N::LangTags::List::name('en') || 'unknownlanguage',\nI18N::LangTags::List::name('en-CA') || 'unknownlanguage',\n), \"?\\n\";\n\nprints:\n\nParlez-vous... Elamite, Kuwait Arabic, English, Canadian English?\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "DESCRIPTION": {
            "content": "This module provides a function I18N::LangTags::List::name( *langtag* ) that takes a language\ntag (see I18N::LangTags) and returns the best attempt at an English name for it, or undef if it\ncan't make sense of the tag.\n\nThe function I18N::LangTags::List::name(...) is not exported.\n\nThis module also provides a function I18N::LangTags::List::isdecent( *langtag* ) that returns\ntrue iff the language tag is syntactically valid and is for general use (like \"fr\" or \"fr-ca\",\nbelow). That is, it returns false for tags that are syntactically invalid and for tags, like\n\"aus\", that are listed in brackets below. This function is not exported.\n\nThe map of tags-to-names that it uses is accessible as %I18N::LangTags::List::Name, and it's the\nsame as the list that follows in this documentation, which should be useful to you even if you\ndon't use this module.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS": {
            "content": "Internet language tags, as defined in RFC 3066, are a formalism for denoting human languages.\nThe two-letter ISO 639-1 language codes are well known (as \"en\" for English), as are their forms\nwhen qualified by a country code (\"en-US\"). Less well-known are the arbitrary-length non-ISO\ncodes (like \"i-mingo\"), and the recently (in 2001) introduced three-letter ISO-639-2 codes.\n\nRemember these important facts:\n\n*   Language tags are not locale IDs. A locale ID is written with a \"\" instead of a \"-\",\n(almost?) always matches \"m/^\\w\\w\\w\\w\\b/\", and *means* something different than a language\ntag. A language tag denotes a language. A locale ID denotes a language *as used in* a\nparticular place, in combination with non-linguistic location-specific information such as\nwhat currency is used there. Locales *also* often denote character set information, as in\n\"enUS.ISO8859-1\".\n\n*   Language tags are not for computer languages.\n\n*   \"Dialect\" is not a useful term, since there is no objective criterion for establishing when\ntwo language-forms are dialects of eachother, or are separate languages.\n\n*   Language tags are not case-sensitive. en-US, en-us, En-Us, etc., are all the same tag, and\ndenote the same language.\n\n*   Not every language tag really refers to a single language. Some language tags refer to\nconditions: i-default (system-message text in English plus maybe other languages), und\n(undetermined language). Others (notably lots of the three-letter codes) are bibliographic\ntags that classify whole groups of languages, as with cus \"Cushitic (Other)\" (i.e., a\nlanguage that has been classed as Cushtic, but which has no more specific code) or the even\nless linguistically coherent sai for \"South American Indian (Other)\". Though useful in\nbibliography, SUCH TAGS ARE NOT FOR GENERAL USE. For further guidance, email me.\n\n*   Language tags are not country codes. In fact, they are often distinct codes, as with\nlanguage tag ja for Japanese, and ISO 3166 country code \".jp\" for Japan.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "LIST OF LANGUAGES": {
            "content": "The first part of each item is the language tag, between {...}. It is followed by an English\nname for the language or language-group. Language tags that I judge to be not for general use,\nare bracketed.\n\nThis list is in alphabetical order by English name of the language.\n\n{ab} : Abkhazian\neq Abkhaz\n\n{ace} : Achinese\n{ach} : Acoli\n{ada} : Adangme\n{ady} : Adyghe\neq Adygei\n\n{aa} : Afar\n{afh} : Afrihili\n(Artificial)\n\n{af} : Afrikaans\n[{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)]\n{ak} : Akan\n(Formerly \"aka\".)\n\n{akk} : Akkadian\n(Historical)\n\n{sq} : Albanian\n{ale} : Aleut\n[{alg} : Algonquian languages]\nNOT Algonquin!\n\n[{tut} : Altaic (Other)]\n{am} : Amharic\nNOT Aramaic!\n\n{i-ami} : Ami\neq Amis. eq 'Amis. eq Pangca.\n\n[{apa} : Apache languages]\n{ar} : Arabic\nMany forms are mutually un-intelligible in spoken media. Notable forms: {ar-ae} UAE Arabic;\n{ar-bh} Bahrain Arabic; {ar-dz} Algerian Arabic; {ar-eg} Egyptian Arabic; {ar-iq} Iraqi\nArabic; {ar-jo} Jordanian Arabic; {ar-kw} Kuwait Arabic; {ar-lb} Lebanese Arabic; {ar-ly}\nLibyan Arabic; {ar-ma} Moroccan Arabic; {ar-om} Omani Arabic; {ar-qa} Qatari Arabic; {ar-sa}\nSauda Arabic; {ar-sy} Syrian Arabic; {ar-tn} Tunisian Arabic; {ar-ye} Yemen Arabic.\n\n{arc} : Aramaic\nNOT Amharic! NOT Samaritan Aramaic!\n\n{arp} : Arapaho\n{arn} : Araucanian\n{arw} : Arawak\n{hy} : Armenian\n{an} : Aragonese\n[{art} : Artificial (Other)]\n{ast} : Asturian\neq Bable.\n\n{as} : Assamese\n[{ath} : Athapascan languages]\neq Athabaskan. eq Athapaskan. eq Athabascan.\n\n[{aus} : Australian languages]\n[{map} : Austronesian (Other)]\n{av} : Avaric\n(Formerly \"ava\".)\n\n{ae} : Avestan\neq Zend\n\n{awa} : Awadhi\n{ay} : Aymara\n{az} : Azerbaijani\neq Azeri\n\nNotable forms: {az-arab} Azerbaijani in Arabic script; {az-cyrl} Azerbaijani in Cyrillic\nscript; {az-latn} Azerbaijani in Latin script.\n\n{ban} : Balinese\n[{bat} : Baltic (Other)]\n{bal} : Baluchi\n{bm} : Bambara\n(Formerly \"bam\".)\n\n[{bai} : Bamileke languages]\n{bad} : Banda\n[{bnt} : Bantu (Other)]\n{bas} : Basa\n{ba} : Bashkir\n{eu} : Basque\n{btk} : Batak (Indonesia)\n{bej} : Beja\n{be} : Belarusian\neq Belarussian. eq Byelarussian. eq Belorussian. eq Byelorussian. eq White Russian. eq White\nRuthenian. NOT Ruthenian!\n\n{bem} : Bemba\n{bn} : Bengali\neq Bangla.\n\n[{ber} : Berber (Other)]\n{bho} : Bhojpuri\n{bh} : Bihari\n{bik} : Bikol\n{bin} : Bini\n{bi} : Bislama\neq Bichelamar.\n\n{bs} : Bosnian\n{bra} : Braj\n{br} : Breton\n{bug} : Buginese\n{bg} : Bulgarian\n{i-bnn} : Bunun\n{bua} : Buriat\n{my} : Burmese\n{cad} : Caddo\n{car} : Carib\n{ca} : Catalan\neq Catalán. eq Catalonian.\n\n[{cau} : Caucasian (Other)]\n{ceb} : Cebuano\n[{cel} : Celtic (Other)]\nNotable forms: {cel-gaulish} Gaulish (Historical)\n\n[{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)]\n{chg} : Chagatai\n(Historical?)\n\n[{cmc} : Chamic languages]\n{ch} : Chamorro\n{ce} : Chechen\n{chr} : Cherokee\neq Tsalagi\n\n{chy} : Cheyenne\n{chb} : Chibcha\n(Historical) NOT Chibchan (which is a language family).\n\n{ny} : Chichewa\neq Nyanja. eq Chinyanja.\n\n{zh} : Chinese\nMany forms are mutually un-intelligible in spoken media. Notable forms: {zh-hans} Chinese,\nin simplified script; {zh-hant} Chinese, in traditional script; {zh-tw} Taiwan Chinese;\n{zh-cn} PRC Chinese; {zh-sg} Singapore Chinese; {zh-mo} Macau Chinese; {zh-hk} Hong Kong\nChinese; {zh-guoyu} Mandarin [Putonghua/Guoyu]; {zh-hakka} Hakka [formerly \"i-hakka\"];\n{zh-min} Hokkien; {zh-min-nan} Southern Hokkien; {zh-wuu} Shanghaiese; {zh-xiang} Hunanese;\n{zh-gan} Gan; {zh-yue} Cantonese.\n\n{chn} : Chinook Jargon\neq Chinook Wawa.\n\n{chp} : Chipewyan\n{cho} : Choctaw\n{cu} : Church Slavic\neq Old Church Slavonic.\n\n{chk} : Chuukese\neq Trukese. eq Chuuk. eq Truk. eq Ruk.\n\n{cv} : Chuvash\n{cop} : Coptic\n{kw} : Cornish\n{co} : Corsican\neq Corse.\n\n{cr} : Cree\nNOT Creek! (Formerly \"cre\".)\n\n{mus} : Creek\nNOT Cree!\n\n[{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]\n[{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]\n[{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]\n[{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)]\n{hr} : Croatian\neq Croat.\n\n[{cus} : Cushitic (Other)]\n{cs} : Czech\n{dak} : Dakota\neq Nakota. eq Latoka.\n\n{da} : Danish\n{dar} : Dargwa\n{day} : Dayak\n{i-default} : Default (Fallthru) Language\nDefined in RFC 2277, this is for tagging text (which must include English text, and\nmight/should include text in other appropriate languages) that is emitted in a context where\nlanguage-negotiation wasn't possible -- in SMTP mail failure messages, for example.\n\n{del} : Delaware\n{din} : Dinka\n{dv} : Divehi\neq Maldivian. (Formerly \"div\".)\n\n{doi} : Dogri\nNOT Dogrib!\n\n{dgr} : Dogrib\nNOT Dogri!\n\n[{dra} : Dravidian (Other)]\n{dua} : Duala\n{nl} : Dutch\neq Netherlander. Notable forms: {nl-nl} Netherlands Dutch; {nl-be} Belgian Dutch.\n\n{dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350)\n(Historical)\n\n{dyu} : Dyula\n{dz} : Dzongkha\n{efi} : Efik\n{egy} : Ancient Egyptian\n(Historical)\n\n{eka} : Ekajuk\n{elx} : Elamite\n(Historical)\n\n{en} : English\nNotable forms: {en-au} Australian English; {en-bz} Belize English; {en-ca} Canadian English;\n{en-gb} UK English; {en-ie} Irish English; {en-jm} Jamaican English; {en-nz} New Zealand\nEnglish; {en-ph} Philippine English; {en-tt} Trinidad English; {en-us} US English; {en-za}\nSouth African English; {en-zw} Zimbabwe English.\n\n{enm} : Old English (1100-1500)\n(Historical)\n\n{ang} : Old English (ca.450-1100)\neq Anglo-Saxon. (Historical)\n\n{i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial)\n{myv} : Erzya\n{eo} : Esperanto\n(Artificial)\n\n{et} : Estonian\n{ee} : Ewe\n(Formerly \"ewe\".)\n\n{ewo} : Ewondo\n{fan} : Fang\n{fat} : Fanti\n{fo} : Faroese\n{fj} : Fijian\n{fi} : Finnish\n[{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)]\neq Finno-Ugric. NOT Ugaritic!\n\n{fon} : Fon\n{fr} : French\nNotable forms: {fr-fr} France French; {fr-be} Belgian French; {fr-ca} Canadian French;\n{fr-ch} Swiss French; {fr-lu} Luxembourg French; {fr-mc} Monaco French.\n\n{frm} : Middle French (ca.1400-1600)\n(Historical)\n\n{fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400)\n(Historical)\n\n{fy} : Frisian\n{fur} : Friulian\n{ff} : Fulah\n(Formerly \"ful\".)\n\n{gaa} : Ga\n{gd} : Scots Gaelic\nNOT Scots!\n\n{gl} : Gallegan\neq Galician\n\n{lg} : Ganda\n(Formerly \"lug\".)\n\n{gay} : Gayo\n{gba} : Gbaya\n{gez} : Geez\neq Ge'ez\n\n{ka} : Georgian\n{de} : German\nNotable forms: {de-at} Austrian German; {de-be} Belgian German; {de-ch} Swiss German;\n{de-de} Germany German; {de-li} Liechtenstein German; {de-lu} Luxembourg German.\n\n{gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500)\n(Historical)\n\n{goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050)\n(Historical)\n\n[{gem} : Germanic (Other)]\n{gil} : Gilbertese\n{gon} : Gondi\n{gor} : Gorontalo\n{got} : Gothic\n(Historical)\n\n{grb} : Grebo\n{grc} : Ancient Greek\n(Historical) (Until 15th century or so.)\n\n{el} : Modern Greek\n(Since 15th century or so.)\n\n{gn} : Guarani\nGuaraní\n\n{gu} : Gujarati\n{gwi} : Gwich'in\neq Gwichin\n\n{hai} : Haida\n{ht} : Haitian\neq Haitian Creole\n\n{ha} : Hausa\n{haw} : Hawaiian\nHawai'ian\n\n{he} : Hebrew\n(Formerly \"iw\".)\n\n{hz} : Herero\n{hil} : Hiligaynon\n{him} : Himachali\n{hi} : Hindi\n{ho} : Hiri Motu\n{hit} : Hittite\n(Historical)\n\n{hmn} : Hmong\n{hu} : Hungarian\n{hup} : Hupa\n{iba} : Iban\n{is} : Icelandic\n{io} : Ido\n(Artificial)\n\n{ig} : Igbo\n(Formerly \"ibo\".)\n\n{ijo} : Ijo\n{ilo} : Iloko\n[{inc} : Indic (Other)]\n[{ine} : Indo-European (Other)]\n{id} : Indonesian\n(Formerly \"in\".)\n\n{inh} : Ingush\n{ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)\n(Artificial) NOT Interlingue!\n\n{ie} : Interlingue\n(Artificial) NOT Interlingua!\n\n{iu} : Inuktitut\nA subform of \"Eskimo\".\n\n{ik} : Inupiaq\nA subform of \"Eskimo\".\n\n[{ira} : Iranian (Other)]\n{ga} : Irish\n{mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200)\n(Historical)\n\n{sga} : Old Irish (to 900)\n(Historical)\n\n[{iro} : Iroquoian languages]\n{it} : Italian\nNotable forms: {it-it} Italy Italian; {it-ch} Swiss Italian.\n\n{ja} : Japanese\n(NOT \"jp\"!)\n\n{jv} : Javanese\n(Formerly \"jw\" because of a typo.)\n\n{jrb} : Judeo-Arabic\n{jpr} : Judeo-Persian\n{kbd} : Kabardian\n{kab} : Kabyle\n{kac} : Kachin\n{kl} : Kalaallisut\neq Greenlandic \"Eskimo\"\n\n{xal} : Kalmyk\n{kam} : Kamba\n{kn} : Kannada\neq Kanarese. NOT Canadian!\n\n{kr} : Kanuri\n(Formerly \"kau\".)\n\n{krc} : Karachay-Balkar\n{kaa} : Kara-Kalpak\n{kar} : Karen\n{ks} : Kashmiri\n{csb} : Kashubian\neq Kashub\n\n{kaw} : Kawi\n{kk} : Kazakh\n{kha} : Khasi\n{km} : Khmer\neq Cambodian. eq Kampuchean.\n\n[{khi} : Khoisan (Other)]\n{kho} : Khotanese\n{ki} : Kikuyu\neq Gikuyu.\n\n{kmb} : Kimbundu\n{rw} : Kinyarwanda\n{ky} : Kirghiz\n{i-klingon} : Klingon\n{kv} : Komi\n{kg} : Kongo\n(Formerly \"kon\".)\n\n{kok} : Konkani\n{ko} : Korean\n{kos} : Kosraean\n{kpe} : Kpelle\n{kro} : Kru\n{kj} : Kuanyama\n{kum} : Kumyk\n{ku} : Kurdish\n{kru} : Kurukh\n{kut} : Kutenai\n{lad} : Ladino\neq Judeo-Spanish. NOT Ladin (a minority language in Italy).\n\n{lah} : Lahnda\nNOT Lamba!\n\n{lam} : Lamba\nNOT Lahnda!\n\n{lo} : Lao\neq Laotian.\n\n{la} : Latin\n(Historical) NOT Ladin! NOT Ladino!\n\n{lv} : Latvian\neq Lettish.\n\n{lb} : Letzeburgesch\neq Luxemburgian, eq Luxemburger. (Formerly \"i-lux\".)\n\n{lez} : Lezghian\n{li} : Limburgish\neq Limburger, eq Limburgan. NOT Letzeburgesch!\n\n{ln} : Lingala\n{lt} : Lithuanian\n{nds} : Low German\neq Low Saxon. eq Low German. eq Low Saxon.\n\n{art-lojban} : Lojban (Artificial)\n{loz} : Lozi\n{lu} : Luba-Katanga\n(Formerly \"lub\".)\n\n{lua} : Luba-Lulua\n{lui} : Luiseno\neq Luiseño.\n\n{lun} : Lunda\n{luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)\n{lus} : Lushai\n{mk} : Macedonian\neq the modern Slavic language spoken in what was Yugoslavia. NOT the form of Greek spoken in\nGreek Macedonia!\n\n{mad} : Madurese\n{mag} : Magahi\n{mai} : Maithili\n{mak} : Makasar\n{mg} : Malagasy\n{ms} : Malay\nNOT Malayalam!\n\n{ml} : Malayalam\nNOT Malay!\n\n{mt} : Maltese\n{mnc} : Manchu\n{mdr} : Mandar\nNOT Mandarin!\n\n{man} : Mandingo\n{mni} : Manipuri\neq Meithei.\n\n[{mno} : Manobo languages]\n{gv} : Manx\n{mi} : Maori\nNOT Mari!\n\n{mr} : Marathi\n{chm} : Mari\nNOT Maori!\n\n{mh} : Marshall\neq Marshallese.\n\n{mwr} : Marwari\n{mas} : Masai\n[{myn} : Mayan languages]\n{men} : Mende\n{mic} : Micmac\n{min} : Minangkabau\n{i-mingo} : Mingo\neq the Irquoian language West Virginia Seneca. NOT New York Seneca!\n\n[{mis} : Miscellaneous languages]\nDon't use this.\n\n{moh} : Mohawk\n{mdf} : Moksha\n{mo} : Moldavian\neq Moldovan.\n\n[{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)]\n{lol} : Mongo\n{mn} : Mongolian\neq Mongol.\n\n{mos} : Mossi\n[{mul} : Multiple languages]\nNot for normal use.\n\n[{mun} : Munda languages]\n{nah} : Nahuatl\n{nap} : Neapolitan\n{na} : Nauru\n{nv} : Navajo\neq Navaho. (Formerly \"i-navajo\".)\n\n{nd} : North Ndebele\n{nr} : South Ndebele\n{ng} : Ndonga\n{ne} : Nepali\neq Nepalese. Notable forms: {ne-np} Nepal Nepali; {ne-in} India Nepali.\n\n{new} : Newari\n{nia} : Nias\n[{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)]\n[{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)]\n{niu} : Niuean\n{nog} : Nogai\n{non} : Old Norse\n(Historical)\n\n[{nai} : North American Indian]\nDo not use this.\n\n{no} : Norwegian\nNote the two following forms:\n\n{nb} : Norwegian Bokmal\neq Bokmål, (A form of Norwegian.) (Formerly \"no-bok\".)\n\n{nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk\n(A form of Norwegian.) (Formerly \"no-nyn\".)\n\n[{nub} : Nubian languages]\n{nym} : Nyamwezi\n{nyn} : Nyankole\n{nyo} : Nyoro\n{nzi} : Nzima\n{oc} : Occitan (post 1500)\neq Provençal, eq Provencal\n\n{oj} : Ojibwa\neq Ojibwe. (Formerly \"oji\".)\n\n{or} : Oriya\n{om} : Oromo\n{osa} : Osage\n{os} : Ossetian; Ossetic\n[{oto} : Otomian languages]\nGroup of languages collectively called \"Otomí\".\n\n{pal} : Pahlavi\neq Pahlevi\n\n{i-pwn} : Paiwan\neq Pariwan\n\n{pau} : Palauan\n{pi} : Pali\n(Historical?)\n\n{pam} : Pampanga\n{pag} : Pangasinan\n{pa} : Panjabi\neq Punjabi\n\n{pap} : Papiamento\neq Papiamentu.\n\n[{paa} : Papuan (Other)]\n{fa} : Persian\neq Farsi. eq Iranian.\n\n{peo} : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.)\n[{phi} : Philippine (Other)]\n{phn} : Phoenician\n(Historical)\n\n{pon} : Pohnpeian\nNOT Pompeiian!\n\n{pl} : Polish\n{pt} : Portuguese\neq Portugese. Notable forms: {pt-pt} Portugal Portuguese; {pt-br} Brazilian Portuguese.\n\n[{pra} : Prakrit languages]\n{pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500)\neq Old Provençal. (Historical.)\n\n{ps} : Pushto\neq Pashto. eq Pushtu.\n\n{qu} : Quechua\neq Quecha.\n\n{rm} : Raeto-Romance\neq Romansh.\n\n{raj} : Rajasthani\n{rap} : Rapanui\n{rar} : Rarotongan\n[{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.]\n[{roa} : Romance (Other)]\nNOT Romanian! NOT Romany! NOT Romansh!\n\n{ro} : Romanian\neq Rumanian. NOT Romany!\n\n{rom} : Romany\neq Rom. NOT Romanian!\n\n{rn} : Rundi\n{ru} : Russian\nNOT White Russian! NOT Rusyn!\n\n[{sal} : Salishan languages]\nLarge language group.\n\n{sam} : Samaritan Aramaic\nNOT Aramaic!\n\n{se} : Northern Sami\neq Lappish. eq Lapp. eq (Northern) Saami.\n\n{sma} : Southern Sami\n{smn} : Inari Sami\n{smj} : Lule Sami\n{sms} : Skolt Sami\n[{smi} : Sami languages (Other)]\n{sm} : Samoan\n{sad} : Sandawe\n{sg} : Sango\n{sa} : Sanskrit\n(Historical)\n\n{sat} : Santali\n{sc} : Sardinian\neq Sard.\n\n{sas} : Sasak\n{sco} : Scots\nNOT Scots Gaelic!\n\n{sel} : Selkup\n[{sem} : Semitic (Other)]\n{sr} : Serbian\neq Serb. NOT Sorbian.\n\nNotable forms: {sr-cyrl} : Serbian in Cyrillic script; {sr-latn} : Serbian in Latin script.\n\n{srr} : Serer\n{shn} : Shan\n{sn} : Shona\n{sid} : Sidamo\n{sgn-...} : Sign Languages\nAlways use with a subtag. Notable forms: {sgn-gb} British Sign Language (BSL); {sgn-ie}\nIrish Sign Language (ESL); {sgn-ni} Nicaraguan Sign Language (ISN); {sgn-us} American Sign\nLanguage (ASL).\n\n(And so on with other country codes as the subtag.)\n\n{bla} : Siksika\neq Blackfoot. eq Pikanii.\n\n{sd} : Sindhi\n{si} : Sinhalese\neq Sinhala.\n\n[{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)]\n[{sio} : Siouan languages]\n{den} : Slave (Athapascan)\n(\"Slavey\" is a subform.)\n\n[{sla} : Slavic (Other)]\n{sk} : Slovak\neq Slovakian.\n\n{sl} : Slovenian\neq Slovene.\n\n{sog} : Sogdian\n{so} : Somali\n{son} : Songhai\n{snk} : Soninke\n{wen} : Sorbian languages\neq Wendish. eq Sorb. eq Lusatian. eq Wend. NOT Venda! NOT Serbian!\n\n{nso} : Northern Sotho\n{st} : Southern Sotho\neq Sutu. eq Sesotho.\n\n[{sai} : South American Indian (Other)]\n{es} : Spanish\nNotable forms: {es-ar} Argentine Spanish; {es-bo} Bolivian Spanish; {es-cl} Chilean Spanish;\n{es-co} Colombian Spanish; {es-do} Dominican Spanish; {es-ec} Ecuadorian Spanish; {es-es}\nSpain Spanish; {es-gt} Guatemalan Spanish; {es-hn} Honduran Spanish; {es-mx} Mexican\nSpanish; {es-pa} Panamanian Spanish; {es-pe} Peruvian Spanish; {es-pr} Puerto Rican Spanish;\n{es-py} Paraguay Spanish; {es-sv} Salvadoran Spanish; {es-us} US Spanish; {es-uy} Uruguayan\nSpanish; {es-ve} Venezuelan Spanish.\n\n{suk} : Sukuma\n{sux} : Sumerian\n(Historical)\n\n{su} : Sundanese\n{sus} : Susu\n{sw} : Swahili\neq Kiswahili\n\n{ss} : Swati\n{sv} : Swedish\nNotable forms: {sv-se} Sweden Swedish; {sv-fi} Finland Swedish.\n\n{syr} : Syriac\n{tl} : Tagalog\n{ty} : Tahitian\n[{tai} : Tai (Other)]\nNOT Thai!\n\n{tg} : Tajik\n{tmh} : Tamashek\n{ta} : Tamil\n{i-tao} : Tao\neq Yami.\n\n{tt} : Tatar\n{i-tay} : Tayal\neq Atayal. eq Atayan.\n\n{te} : Telugu\n{ter} : Tereno\n{tet} : Tetum\n{th} : Thai\nNOT Tai!\n\n{bo} : Tibetan\n{tig} : Tigre\n{ti} : Tigrinya\n{tem} : Timne\neq Themne. eq Timene.\n\n{tiv} : Tiv\n{tli} : Tlingit\n{tpi} : Tok Pisin\n{tkl} : Tokelau\n{tog} : Tonga (Nyasa)\nNOT Tsonga!\n\n{to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands)\n(Pronounced \"Tong-a\", not \"Tong-ga\")\n\nNOT Tsonga!\n\n{tsi} : Tsimshian\neq Sm'algyax\n\n{ts} : Tsonga\nNOT Tonga!\n\n{i-tsu} : Tsou\n{tn} : Tswana\nSame as Setswana.\n\n{tum} : Tumbuka\n[{tup} : Tupi languages]\n{tr} : Turkish\n(Typically in Roman script)\n\n{ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)\n(Typically in Arabic script) (Historical)\n\n{crh} : Crimean Turkish\neq Crimean Tatar\n\n{tk} : Turkmen\neq Turkmeni.\n\n{tvl} : Tuvalu\n{tyv} : Tuvinian\neq Tuvan. eq Tuvin.\n\n{tw} : Twi\n{udm} : Udmurt\n{uga} : Ugaritic\nNOT Ugric!\n\n{ug} : Uighur\n{uk} : Ukrainian\n{umb} : Umbundu\n{und} : Undetermined\nNot a tag for normal use.\n\n{ur} : Urdu\n{uz} : Uzbek\neq Özbek\n\nNotable forms: {uz-cyrl} Uzbek in Cyrillic script; {uz-latn} Uzbek in Latin script.\n\n{vai} : Vai\n{ve} : Venda\nNOT Wendish! NOT Wend! NOT Avestan! (Formerly \"ven\".)\n\n{vi} : Vietnamese\neq Viet.\n\n{vo} : Volapuk\neq Volapük. (Artificial)\n\n{vot} : Votic\neq Votian. eq Vod.\n\n[{wak} : Wakashan languages]\n{wa} : Walloon\n{wal} : Walamo\neq Wolaytta.\n\n{war} : Waray\nPresumably the Philippine language Waray-Waray (Samareño), not the smaller Philippine\nlanguage Waray Sorsogon, nor the extinct Australian language Waray.\n\n{was} : Washo\neq Washoe\n\n{cy} : Welsh\n{wo} : Wolof\n{x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use)\n\"x-\" is a prefix for language tags that are not registered with ISO or IANA. Example,\nx-double-dutch\n\n{xh} : Xhosa\n{sah} : Yakut\n{yao} : Yao\n(The Yao in Malawi?)\n\n{yap} : Yapese\neq Yap\n\n{ii} : Sichuan Yi\n{yi} : Yiddish\nFormerly \"ji\". Usually in Hebrew script.\n\nNotable forms: {yi-latn} Yiddish in Latin script\n\n{yo} : Yoruba\n[{ypk} : Yupik languages]\nSeveral \"Eskimo\" languages.\n\n{znd} : Zande\n[{zap} : Zapotec]\n(A group of languages.)\n\n{zen} : Zenaga\nNOT Zend.\n\n{za} : Zhuang\n{zu} : Zulu\n{zun} : Zuni\neq Zuñi\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "SEE ALSO": {
            "content": "I18N::LangTags and its \"See Also\" section.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER": {
            "content": "Copyright (c) 2001+ Sean M. Burke. All rights reserved.\n\nYou can redistribute and/or modify this document under the same terms as Perl itself.\n\nThis document is provided in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty; without\neven the implied warranty of accuracy, authoritativeness, completeness, merchantability, or\nfitness for a particular purpose.\n\nEmail any corrections or questions to me.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "AUTHOR": {
            "content": "Sean M. Burke, sburke@cpan.org\n",
            "subsections": []
        }
    },
    "summary": "I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages",
    "flags": [],
    "examples": [],
    "see_also": []
}