phpman > perldoc > HTTP::Message(3pm)

NAME
    HTTP::Message - HTTP style message (base class)

VERSION
    version 6.36

SYNOPSIS
     use base 'HTTP::Message';

DESCRIPTION
    An "HTTP::Message" object contains some headers and a content body. The following methods are
    available:

    $mess = HTTP::Message->new
    $mess = HTTP::Message->new( $headers )
    $mess = HTTP::Message->new( $headers, $content )
        This constructs a new message object. Normally you would want construct "HTTP::Request" or
        "HTTP::Response" objects instead.

        The optional $header argument should be a reference to an "HTTP::Headers" object or a plain
        array reference of key/value pairs. If an "HTTP::Headers" object is provided then a copy of
        it will be embedded into the constructed message, i.e. it will not be owned and can be
        modified afterwards without affecting the message.

        The optional $content argument should be a string of bytes.

    $mess = HTTP::Message->parse( $str )
        This constructs a new message object by parsing the given string.

    $mess->headers
        Returns the embedded "HTTP::Headers" object.

    $mess->headers_as_string
    $mess->headers_as_string( $eol )
        Call the as_string() method for the headers in the message. This will be the same as

            $mess->headers->as_string

        but it will make your program a whole character shorter :-)

    $mess->content
    $mess->content( $bytes )
        The content() method sets the raw content if an argument is given. If no argument is given
        the content is not touched. In either case the original raw content is returned.

        If the "undef" argument is given, the content is reset to its default value, which is an
        empty string.

        Note that the content should be a string of bytes. Strings in perl can contain characters
        outside the range of a byte. The "Encode" module can be used to turn such strings into a
        string of bytes.

    $mess->add_content( $bytes )
        The add_content() methods appends more data bytes to the end of the current content buffer.

    $mess->add_content_utf8( $string )
        The add_content_utf8() method appends the UTF-8 bytes representing the string to the end of
        the current content buffer.

    $mess->content_ref
    $mess->content_ref( \$bytes )
        The content_ref() method will return a reference to content buffer string. It can be more
        efficient to access the content this way if the content is huge, and it can even be used for
        direct manipulation of the content, for instance:

          ${$res->content_ref} =~ s/\bfoo\b/bar/g;

        This example would modify the content buffer in-place.

        If an argument is passed it will setup the content to reference some external source. The
        content() and add_content() methods will automatically dereference scalar references passed
        this way. For other references content() will return the reference itself and add_content()
        will refuse to do anything.

    $mess->content_charset
        This returns the charset used by the content in the message. The charset is either found as
        the charset attribute of the "Content-Type" header or by guessing.

        See <http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/charset.html#spec-char-encoding> for details about how
        charset is determined.

    $mess->decoded_content( %options )
        Returns the content with any "Content-Encoding" undone and, for textual content
        ("Content-Type" values starting with "text/", exactly matching "application/xml", or ending
        with "+xml"), the raw content's character set decoded into Perl's Unicode string format.
        Note that this does not currently <https://github.com/libwww-perl/HTTP-Message/pull/99>
        attempt to decode declared character sets for any other content types like
        "application/json" or "application/javascript". If the "Content-Encoding" or "charset" of
        the message is unknown, this method will fail by returning "undef".

        The following options can be specified.

        "charset"
            This override the charset parameter for text content. The value "none" can used to
            suppress decoding of the charset.

        "default_charset"
            This override the default charset guessed by content_charset() or if that fails
            "ISO-8859-1".

        "alt_charset"
            If decoding fails because the charset specified in the Content-Type header isn't
            recognized by Perl's Encode module, then try decoding using this charset instead of
            failing. The "alt_charset" might be specified as "none" to simply return the string
            without any decoding of charset as alternative.

        "charset_strict"
            Abort decoding if malformed characters is found in the content. By default you get the
            substitution character ("\x{FFFD}") in place of malformed characters.

        "raise_error"
            If TRUE then raise an exception if not able to decode content. Reason might be that the
            specified "Content-Encoding" or "charset" is not supported. If this option is FALSE,
            then decoded_content() will return "undef" on errors, but will still set $@.

        "ref"
            If TRUE then a reference to decoded content is returned. This might be more efficient in
            cases where the decoded content is identical to the raw content as no data copying is
            required in this case.

    $mess->decodable
    HTTP::Message::decodable()
        This returns the encoding identifiers that decoded_content() can process. In scalar context
        returns a comma separated string of identifiers.

        This value is suitable for initializing the "Accept-Encoding" request header field.

    $mess->decode
        This method tries to replace the content of the message with the decoded version and removes
        the "Content-Encoding" header. Returns TRUE if successful and FALSE if not.

        If the message does not have a "Content-Encoding" header this method does nothing and
        returns TRUE.

        Note that the content of the message is still bytes after this method has been called and
        you still need to call decoded_content() if you want to process its content as a string.

    $mess->encode( $encoding, ... )
        Apply the given encodings to the content of the message. Returns TRUE if successful. The
        "identity" (non-)encoding is always supported; other currently supported encodings, subject
        to availability of required additional modules, are "gzip", "deflate", "x-bzip2" and
        "base64".

        A successful call to this function will set the "Content-Encoding" header.

        Note that "multipart/*" or "message/*" messages can't be encoded and this method will croak
        if you try.

    $mess->parts
    $mess->parts( @parts )
    $mess->parts( \@parts )
        Messages can be composite, i.e. contain other messages. The composite messages have a
        content type of "multipart/*" or "message/*". This method give access to the contained
        messages.

        The argumentless form will return a list of "HTTP::Message" objects. If the content type of
        $msg is not "multipart/*" or "message/*" then this will return the empty list. In scalar
        context only the first object is returned. The returned message parts should be regarded as
        read-only (future versions of this library might make it possible to modify the parent by
        modifying the parts).

        If the content type of $msg is "message/*" then there will only be one part returned.

        If the content type is "message/http", then the return value will be either an
        "HTTP::Request" or an "HTTP::Response" object.

        If a @parts argument is given, then the content of the message will be modified. The array
        reference form is provided so that an empty list can be provided. The @parts array should
        contain "HTTP::Message" objects. The @parts objects are owned by $mess after this call and
        should not be modified or made part of other messages.

        When updating the message with this method and the old content type of $mess is not
        "multipart/*" or "message/*", then the content type is set to "multipart/mixed" and all
        other content headers are cleared.

        This method will croak if the content type is "message/*" and more than one part is
        provided.

    $mess->add_part( $part )
        This will add a part to a message. The $part argument should be another "HTTP::Message"
        object. If the previous content type of $mess is not "multipart/*" then the old content
        (together with all content headers) will be made part #1 and the content type made
        "multipart/mixed" before the new part is added. The $part object is owned by $mess after
        this call and should not be modified or made part of other messages.

        There is no return value.

    $mess->clear
        Will clear the headers and set the content to the empty string. There is no return value

    $mess->protocol
    $mess->protocol( $proto )
        Sets the HTTP protocol used for the message. The protocol() is a string like "HTTP/1.0" or
        "HTTP/1.1".

    $mess->clone
        Returns a copy of the message object.

    $mess->as_string
    $mess->as_string( $eol )
        Returns the message formatted as a single string.

        The optional $eol parameter specifies the line ending sequence to use. The default is "\n".
        If no $eol is given then as_string will ensure that the returned string is newline
        terminated (even when the message content is not). No extra newline is appended if an
        explicit $eol is passed.

    $mess->dump( %opt )
        Returns the message formatted as a string. In void context print the string.

        This differs from "$mess->as_string" in that it escapes the bytes of the content so that
        it's safe to print them and it limits how much content to print. The escapes syntax used is
        the same as for Perl's double quoted strings. If there is no content the string "(no
        content)" is shown in its place.

        Options to influence the output can be passed as key/value pairs. The following options are
        recognized:

        maxlength => $num
            How much of the content to show. The default is 512. Set this to 0 for unlimited.

            If the content is longer then the string is chopped at the limit and the string
            "...\n(### more bytes not shown)" appended.

        no_content => $str
            Replaces the "(no content)" marker.

        prefix => $str
            A string that will be prefixed to each line of the dump.

    All methods unknown to "HTTP::Message" itself are delegated to the "HTTP::Headers" object that
    is part of every message. This allows convenient access to these methods. Refer to HTTP::Headers
    for details of these methods:

        $mess->header( $field => $val )
        $mess->push_header( $field => $val )
        $mess->init_header( $field => $val )
        $mess->remove_header( $field )
        $mess->remove_content_headers
        $mess->header_field_names
        $mess->scan( \&doit )

        $mess->date
        $mess->expires
        $mess->if_modified_since
        $mess->if_unmodified_since
        $mess->last_modified
        $mess->content_type
        $mess->content_encoding
        $mess->content_length
        $mess->content_language
        $mess->title
        $mess->user_agent
        $mess->server
        $mess->from
        $mess->referer
        $mess->www_authenticate
        $mess->authorization
        $mess->proxy_authorization
        $mess->authorization_basic
        $mess->proxy_authorization_basic

AUTHOR
    Gisle Aas <gisle AT activestate.com>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
    This software is copyright (c) 1994 by Gisle Aas.

    This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl
    5 programming language system itself.