# phpman > perldoc > Date::Manip::Lang::english ## NAME [Date::Manip::Lang::english](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Date%3A%3AManip%3A%3ALang%3A%3Aenglish/markdown) - English language support. ## SYNOPSIS This module contains a list of words and expressions supporting the language. It is not intended to be used directly (other [Date::Manip](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Date%3A%3AManip/markdown) modules will load it as needed). ## LANGUAGE EXPRESSIONS The following is a list of all language words and expressions used to write times and/or dates. All strings are case insensitive. Month names and abbreviations When writing out the name of the month, several different variations may exist including full names and abbreviations. The following month names may be used: January February March April May June July August September October November December The following abbreviations may be used: Jan Jan. Feb Feb. Mar Mar. Apr Apr. May May. Jun Jun. Jul Jul. Aug Aug. Sep Sept Sep. Sept. Oct Oct. Nov Nov. Dec Dec. Day names and abbreviations When writing out the name of the day, several different variations may exist including full names and abbreviations. The following day names may be used: Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday The following abbreviations may be used: Mon Mon. Tue Tues Tue. Tues. Wed Wed. Thu Thur Thu. Thur. Fri Fri. Sat Sat. Sun Sun. The following short (1-2 characters) abbreviations may be used: M T W Th F Sa S Delta field names These are the names (and abbreviations) for the fields in a delta. There are 7 fields: years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds. The names and abbreviations for these fields are: years y yr year yrs months m mon month mons weeks w wk wks week days d day hours h hr hrs hour minutes mn min minute mins seconds s sec second secs Morning/afternoon times This is a list of expressions use to designate morning or afternoon time when a time is entered as a 12-hour time rather than a 24-hour time. For example, in English, the time "17:00" could be specified as "5:00 PM". Morning and afternoon time may be designated by the following sets of words: AM A.M. PM P.M. Each or every There are a list of words that specify every occurrence of something. These are used in the following phrases: EACH Monday EVERY Monday EVERY month The following words may be used: each every Next/Previous/Last occurrence There are a list of words that may be used to specify the next, previous, or last occurrence of something. These words could be used in the following phrases: NEXT week LAST Tuesday PREVIOUS Tuesday LAST day of the month The following words may be used: Next occurrence: next following Previous occurrence: previous last Last occurrence: last final Delta words for going forward/backward in time When parsing deltas, there are words that may be used to specify the the delta will refer to a time in the future or to a time in the past (relative to some date). In English, for example, you might say: IN 5 days 5 days AGO The following words may be used to specify deltas that refer to dates in the past or future respectively: ago past in the past earlier before now in later future in the future from now Business mode This contains two lists of words which can be used to specify a standard (i.e. non-business) delta or a business delta. Previously, it was used to tell whether the delta was approximate or exact, but now this list is not used except to force the delta to be standard. The following words may be used: exactly approximately The following words may be used to specify a business delta: business Numbers Numbers may be spelled out in a variety of ways. The following sets correspond to the numbers from 1 to 53: 1st first one 2nd second two 3rd third three 4th fourth four 5th fifth five 6th sixth six 7th seventh seven 8th eighth eight 9th ninth nine 10th tenth ten 11th eleventh eleven 12th twelfth twelve 13th thirteenth thirteen 14th fourteenth fourteen 15th fifteenth fifteen 16th sixteenth sixteen 17th seventeenth seventeen 18th eighteenth eighteen 19th nineteenth nineteen 20th twentieth twenty 21st twenty-first twenty-one 22nd twenty-second twenty-two 23rd twenty-third twenty-three 24th twenty-fourth twenty-four 25th twenty-fifth twenty-five 26th twenty-sixth twenty-six 27th twenty-seventh twenty-seven 28th twenty-eighth twenty-eight 29th twenty-ninth twenty-nine 30th thirtieth thirty 31st thirty-first thirty-one 32nd thirty-two thirty-second 33rd thirty-three thirty-third 34th thirty-four thirty-fourth 35th thirty-five thirty-fifth 36th thirty-six thirty-sixth 37th thirty-seven thirty-seventh 38th thirty-eight thirty-eighth 39th thirty-nine thirty-ninth 40th forty fortieth 41st forty-one forty-first 42nd forty-two forty-second 43rd forty-three forty-third 44th forty-four forty-fourth 45th forty-five forty-fifth 46th forty-six forty-sixth 47th forty-seven forty-seventh 48th forty-eight forty-eighth 49th forty-nine forty-ninth 50th fifty fiftieth 51st fifty-one fifty-first 52nd fifty-two fifty-second 53rd fifty-three fifty-third Ignored words In writing out dates in common forms, there are a number of words that are typically not important. There is frequently a word that appears in a phrase to designate that a time is going to be specified next. In English, you would use the word AT in the example: December 3 at 12:00 The following words may be used: at Another word is used to designate one member of a set. In English, you would use the words IN or OF: 1st day OF December 1st day IN December The following words may be used: of in Another word is use to specify that something is on a certain date. In English, you would use ON: ON July 5th The following words may be used: on Words that set the date, time, or both There are some words that can be used to specify a date, a time, or both relative to now. Words that set the date are similar to the English words 'yesterday' or 'tomorrow'. These are specified as a delta which is added to the current time to get a date. The time is NOT set however, so the delta is only partially used (it should only include year, month, week, and day fields). The following words may be used: ereyesterday -0:0:0:2:0:0:0 overmorrow +0:0:0:2:0:0:0 today 0:0:0:0:0:0:0 tomorrow +0:0:0:1:0:0:0 yesterday -0:0:0:1:0:0:0 Words that set only the time of day are similar to the English words 'noon' or 'midnight'. The following words may be used: midnight 00:00:00 noon 12:00:00 Words that set the entire time and date (relative to the current time and date) are also available. In English, the word 'now' is one of these. The following words may be used: now 0:0:0:0:0:0:0 Hour/Minute/Second separators When specifying the time of day, the most common separator is a colon (:) which can be used for both separators. Some languages use different pairs. For example, French allows you to specify the time as 13h30:20, so it would use the following pairs: : : h : The first column is the hour-minute separator and the second column is the minute-second separator. Both are perl regular expressions. When creating a new translation, be aware that regular expressions with utf-8 characters may be tricky. For example, don't include the expression '[x]' where 'x' is a utf-8 character. A pair of colons is ALWAYS allowed for all languages. If a language allows additional pairs, they are listed here: Not defined in this language Fractional second separator When specifying fractional seconds, the most common way is to use a decimal point (.). Some languages may specify a different separator that might be used. If this is done, it is a regular expression. The decimal point is ALWAYS allowed for all languages. If a language allows another separator, it is listed here: Not defined in this language ## KNOWN BUGS None known. ## BUGS AND QUESTIONS Please refer to the [Date::Manip::Problems](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Date%3A%3AManip%3A%3AProblems/markdown) documentation for information on submitting bug reports or questions to the author. ## SEE ALSO [Date::Manip](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Date%3A%3AManip/markdown) - main module documentation ## LICENSE This script is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. ## AUTHOR Sullivan Beck ()