# DBI::SQL::Nano - phpMan ## NAME [DBI::SQL::Nano] - a very tiny SQL engine ## SYNOPSIS BEGIN { $ENV{DBI_SQL_NANO}=1 } # forces use of Nano rather than [SQL::Statement] use [DBI::SQL::Nano]; use [Data::Dumper]; my $stmt = [DBI::SQL::Nano::Statement]->new( "SELECT bar,baz FROM foo WHERE qux = 1" ) or die "Couldn't parse"; print Dumper $stmt; ## DESCRIPTION "[DBI::SQL::Nano]" is meant as a *very* minimal SQL engine for use in situations where [SQL::Statement] is not available. In most situations you are better off installing [SQL::Statement] although [DBI::SQL::Nano] may be faster for some very simple tasks. [DBI::SQL::Nano], like [SQL::Statement] is primarily intended to provide a SQL engine for use with some pure perl DBDs including [DBD::DBM], [DBD::CSV], [DBD::AnyData], and [DBD::Excel]. It is not of much use in and of itself. You can dump out the structure of a parsed SQL statement, but that is about it. ## USAGE Setting the DBI_SQL_NANO flag By default, when a "DBD" uses "[DBI::SQL::Nano]", the module will look to see if "[SQL::Statement]" is installed. If it is, [SQL::Statement] objects are used. If [SQL::Statement] is not available, [DBI::SQL::Nano] objects are used. In some cases, you may wish to use [DBI::SQL::Nano] objects even if [SQL::Statement] is available. To force usage of [DBI::SQL::Nano] objects regardless of the availability of [SQL::Statement], set the environment variable DBI_SQL_NANO to 1. You can set the environment variable in your shell prior to running your script (with SET or EXPORT or whatever), or else you can set it in your script by putting this at the top of the script: BEGIN { $ENV{DBI_SQL_NANO} = 1 } Supported SQL syntax Here's a pseudo-BNF. Square brackets [] indicate optional items; Angle brackets <> indicate items defined elsewhere in the BNF. statement ::= DROP TABLE [IF EXISTS] | CREATE TABLE | INSERT INTO [] VALUES | DELETE FROM [] | UPDATE SET | SELECT FROM [] [] the optional IF EXISTS clause ::= * similar to MySQL - prevents errors when trying to drop a table that doesn't exist identifiers ::= * table and column names should be valid SQL identifiers * especially avoid using spaces and commas in identifiers * note: there is no error checking for invalid names, some will be accepted, others will cause parse failures table_name ::= * only one table (no multiple table operations) * see identifier for valid table names col_def_list ::= * a parens delimited, comma-separated list of column names * see identifier for valid column names * column types and column constraints may be included but are ignored e.g. these are all the same: (id,phrase) (id INT, phrase [VARCHAR(40)]) (id INT PRIMARY KEY, phrase [VARCHAR(40)] NOT NULL) * you are *strongly* advised to put in column types even though they are ignored ... it increases portability insert_col_list ::= * a parens delimited, comma-separated list of column names * as in standard SQL, this is optional select_col_list ::= * a comma-separated list of column names * or an asterisk denoting all columns val_list ::= * a parens delimited, comma-separated list of values which can be: * placeholders (an unquoted question mark) * numbers (unquoted numbers) * column names (unquoted strings) * nulls (unquoted word NULL) * strings (delimited with single quote marks); * note: leading and trailing percent mark (%) and underscore (_) can be used as wildcards in quoted strings for use with the LIKE and CLIKE operators * note: escaped single quotation marks within strings are not supported, neither are embedded commas, use placeholders instead set_clause ::= * a comma-separated list of column = value pairs * see val_list for acceptable value formats where_clause ::= * a single "column/value column/value" predicate, optionally preceded by "NOT" * note: multiple predicates combined with ORs or ANDs are not supported * see val_list for acceptable value formats * op may be one of: < > >= <= = <> LIKE CLIKE IS * CLIKE is a case insensitive LIKE order_clause ::= column_name [ASC|DESC] * a single column optional ORDER BY clause is supported * as in standard SQL, if neither ASC (ascending) nor DESC (descending) is specified, ASC becomes the default ## TABLES [DBI::SQL::Nano::Statement] operates on exactly one table. This table will be opened by inherit from [DBI::SQL::Nano::Statement] and implements the "open_table" method. sub open_table ($$$$$) { ... return [Your::Table]->new( \%attributes ); } [DBI::SQL::Nano::Statement_] expects a rudimentary interface is implemented by the table object, as well as [SQL::Statement] expects. package [Your::Table]; use vars qw(@ISA); @ISA = qw([DBI::SQL::Nano::Table]); sub drop ($$) { ... } sub fetch_row ($$$) { ... } sub push_row ($$$) { ... } sub push_names ($$$) { ... } sub truncate ($$) { ... } sub seek ($$$$) { ... } The base class interfaces are provided by [DBI::SQL::Nano::Table_] in case of relying on [DBI::SQL::Nano] or [SQL::Eval::Table] (see [SQL::Eval] for details) otherwise. ## BUGS AND LIMITATIONS There are no known bugs in [DBI::SQL::Nano::Statement]. If you find a one and want to report, please see DBI for how to report bugs. [DBI::SQL::Nano::Statement] is designed to provide a minimal subset for executing SQL statements. The most important limitation might be the restriction on one table per statement. This implies, that no JOINs are supported and there cannot be any foreign key relation between tables. The where clause evaluation of [DBI::SQL::Nano::Statement] is very slow ([SQL::Statement] uses a precompiled evaluation). INSERT can handle only one row per statement. To insert multiple rows, use placeholders as explained in DBI. The [DBI::SQL::Nano] parser is very limited and does not support any additional syntax such as brackets, comments, functions, aggregations etc. In contrast to [SQL::Statement], temporary tables are not supported. ## ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Tim Bunce provided the original idea for this module, helped me out of the tangled trap of namespaces, and provided help and advice all along the way. Although I wrote it from the ground up, it is based on Jochen Wiedmann's original design of [SQL::Statement], so much of the credit for the API goes to him. ## AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT This module is originally written by Jeff Zucker < jzucker AT cpan.org > This module is currently maintained by Jens Rehsack < jrehsack AT cpan.org > Copyright (C) 2010 by Jens Rehsack, all rights reserved. Copyright (C) 2004 by Jeff Zucker, all rights reserved. You may freely distribute and/or modify this module under the terms of either the GNU General Public License (GPL) or the Artistic License, as specified in the Perl README file.