# xfs_io(8) - man - phpMan [xfs_io(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xfsio/8/markdown) System Manager's Manual [xfs_io(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xfsio/8/markdown) ## NAME xfs_io - debug the I/O path of an XFS filesystem ## SYNOPSIS **xfs**___**io** [ **-adfimrRstxT** ] [ **-c** _cmd_ ] ... [ **-C** _cmd_ ] ... [ **-p** _prog_ ] _[_ _file_ _]_ **xfs**___**io** **-V** ## DESCRIPTION **xfs**___**io** is a debugging tool like **xfs**___**[db**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/db/8/markdown), but is aimed at examining the regular file I/O paths rather than the raw XFS volume itself. These code paths include not only the obvious read/write/mmap interfaces for manipulating files, but also cover all of the XFS extensions (such as space preallocation, additional inode flags, etc). ## OPTIONS **xfs**___**io** commands may be run interactively (the default) or as arguments on the command line. Interactive mode always runs commands on the current open file, whilst commands run from the command line may be repeated on all open files rather than just the current open file. In general, open file iteration will occur for commands that operate on file content or state. In contrast, commands that operate on filesystem or system-wide state will only be run on the current file regardless of how many files are currently open. Multiple arguments may be given on the command line and they are run in the sequence given. The program exits one all commands have been run. ### -c with historical usage, commands that can not be run on all open files will still be run but only execute once on the current open file. Multiple **-c** arguments may be given and may be interleaved on the command line in any order with **-C** commands. ### -C -C be given and may be interleaved on the command line in any order with **-c** commands. ### -p **xfs**___**io**. ### -f ### -r only. ### -i threaded process. With single threaded process, the file table is not shared and file structs are not reference counted. Spawning an idle thread can help detecting file struct reference leaks. ### -x also tend to require additional privileges. ### -V The other [**open**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/open/2/markdown) options described below are also available from the command line. ## CONCEPTS **xfs**___**io** maintains a number of open files and memory mappings. Files can be initially opened on the command line (optionally), and additional files can also be opened later. **xfs**___**io** commands can be broken up into three groups. Some commands are aimed at doing regular file I/O - read, write, sync, space preallocation, etc. The second set of commands exist for manipulating memory mapped regions of a file - mapping, accessing, storing, unmapping, flushing, etc. The remaining commands are for the navigation and display of data structures relating to the open files, mappings, and the filesystems where they reside. Many commands have extensive online help. Use the **help** command for more details on any com‐ mand. ## FILE I/O COMMANDS **file** **[** _N_ **]** Display a list of all open files and (optionally) switch to an alternate current open file. **open** **[[** **-acdfrstRTPL** **]** _path_ **]** Closes the current file, and opens the file specified by _path_ instead. Without any ar‐ guments, displays statistics about the current file - see the **stat** command. **-a** opens append-only (O_APPEND). **-d** opens for direct I/O (O_DIRECT). **-f** creates the file if it doesn't already exist (O_CREAT). **-r** opens read-only (O_RDONLY). **-s** opens for synchronous I/O (O_SYNC). **-t** truncates on open (O_TRUNC). **-n** opens in non-blocking mode if possible (O_NONBLOCK). **-T** create a temporary file not linked into the filesystem namespace (O_TMPFILE). The pathname passed must refer to a directory which is treated as virtual par‐ ent for the newly created invisible file. Can not be used together with the **-r** option. **-R** marks the file as a realtime XFS file after opening it, if it is not already marked as such. **-P** opens the path as a referent only (O_PATH). This is incompatible with other flags specifying other O_xxx flags apart from **-L**. **-L** doesn't follow symlinks (O_NOFOLLOW). This is incompatible with other flags specifying other O_xxx flags apart from **-P**. **o** See the **open** command. **close** Closes the current open file, marking the next open file as current (if one exists). **c** See the **close** command. ### chmod -r | -w Change the mode of the currently open file. The **-r** option will set the file permis‐ sions to read-only (0444), whilst the **-w** option will set the file permissions to read- write (0644). This allows xfs_io to set up mismatches between the file permissions and the open file descriptor read/write mode to exercise permission checks inside various syscalls. **pread** **[** **-b** _bsize_ **]** **[** **-qv** **]** **[** **-FBR** **[** **-Z** _seed_ **]** **]** **[** **-V** _vectors_ **]** _offset_ _length_ Reads a range of bytes in a specified blocksize from the given _offset_. **-b** can be used to set the blocksize into which the [**read**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/read/2/markdown) requests will be split. The default blocksize is 4096 bytes. **-q** quiet mode, do not write anything to standard output. **-v** dump the contents of the buffer after reading, by default only the count of bytes actually read is dumped. **-F** read the buffers in a forward sequential direction. **-B** read the buffers in a reverse sequential direction. **-R** read the buffers in the give range in a random order. **-Z** **seed** specify the random number seed used for random reads. **-V** **vectors** Use the vectored IO read syscall [**preadv**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/preadv/2/markdown) with a number of blocksize length iovecs. The number of iovecs is set by the _vectors_ parameter. **r** See the **pread** command. **pwrite** **[** **-i** _file_ **]** **[** **-qdDwNOW** **]** **[** **-s** _skip_ **]** **[** **-b** _size_ **]** **[** **-S** _seed_ **]** **[** **-FBR** **[** **-Z** _zeed_ **]** **]** **[** **-V** _vectors_ **]** _offset_ _length_ Writes a range of bytes in a specified blocksize from the given _offset_. The bytes written can be either a set pattern or read in from another file before writing. **-i** allows an input _file_ to be specified as the source of the data to be written. **-q** quiet mode, do not write anything to standard output. **-d** causes direct I/O, rather than the usual buffered I/O, to be used when reading the input file. **-w** call [**fdatasync**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/fdatasync/2/markdown) once all writes are complete (included in timing results) **-N** Perform the [**pwritev2**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pwritev2/2/markdown) call with _RWF_NOWAIT_. **-D** Perform the [**pwritev2**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pwritev2/2/markdown) call with _RWF_DSYNC_. **-O** perform pwrite once and return the (maybe partial) bytes written. **-W** call [**fsync**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/fsync/2/markdown) once all writes are complete (included in timing results) **-s** specifies the number of bytes to _skip_ from the start of the input file before starting to read. **-b** used to set the blocksize into which the [**write**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/write/2/markdown) requests will be split. The default blocksize is 4096 bytes. **-S** used to set the (repeated) fill pattern which is used when the data to write is not coming from a file. The default buffer fill pattern value is 0xcdcdcdcd. **-F** write the buffers in a forward sequential direction. **-B** write the buffers in a reverse sequential direction. **-R** write the buffers in the give range in a random order. **-Z** **seed** specify the random number seed used for random write **-V** **vectors** Use the vectored IO write syscall [**pwritev**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pwritev/2/markdown) with a number of blocksize length iovecs. The number of iovecs is set by the _vectors_ parameter. **w** See the **pwrite** command. **bmap** **[** **-adelpv** **]** **[** **-n** _nx_ **]** Prints the block mapping for the current open file. Refer to the **xfs**___**[bmap**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/bmap/8/markdown) manual page for complete documentation. **fiemap** **[** **-alv** **]** **[** **-n** _nx_ **]** **[** _offset_ **[** _len_ **]]** Prints the block mapping for the current open file using the fiemap ioctl. Options behave as described in the **xfs**___**[bmap**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/bmap/8/markdown) manual page. Optionally, this command also supports passing the start offset from where to begin the mapping and the length of that region. The kernel will return any full extents which intersect with the requested range, and the **fiemap** command will print them in their entirety. If the requested range starts or ends in a hole, **fiemap** will print the hole, truncated to the requested range. **extsize** **[** **-R** **|** **-D** **]** **[** _value_ **]** Display and/or modify the preferred extent size used when allocating space for the currently open file. If the **-R** option is specified, a recursive descent is performed for all directory entries below the currently open file (**-D** can be used to restrict the output to directories only). If the target file is a directory, then the inher‐ ited extent size is set for that directory (new files created in that directory in‐ herit that extent size). The _value_ should be specified in bytes, or using one of the usual units suffixes (k, m, g, b, etc). The extent size is always reported in units of bytes. **cowextsize** **[** **-R** **|** **-D** **]** **[** _value_ **]** Display and/or modify the preferred copy-on-write extent size used when allocating space for the currently open file. If the **-R** option is specified, a recursive descent is performed for all directory entries below the currently open file (**-D** can be used to restrict the output to directories only). If the target file is a directory, then the inherited CoW extent size is set for that directory (new files created in that di‐ rectory inherit that CoW extent size). The _value_ should be specified in bytes, or us‐ ing one of the usual units suffixes (k, m, g, b, etc). The extent size is always re‐ ported in units of bytes. **allocsp** _size_ **0** Sets the size of the file to _size_ and zeroes any additional space allocated using the XFS_IOC_ALLOCSP/XFS_IOC_FREESP system call described in the [**xfsctl**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xfsctl/3/markdown) manual page. **allocsp** and **freesp** do exactly the same thing. **freesp** _size_ **0** See the **allocsp** command. **fadvise** **[** **-r** **|** **-s** **|** **[[** **-d** **|** **-n** **|** **-w** **]** _offset_ _length_ **]]** On platforms which support it, allows hints be given to the system regarding the ex‐ pected I/O patterns on the file. The range arguments are required by some advise com‐ mands ([*] below), and the others must have no range arguments. With no arguments, the POSIX_FADV_NORMAL advice is implied (default readahead). **-d** the data will not be accessed again in the near future (POSIX_FADV_DONT‐ NEED[*]). **-n** data will be accessed once and not be reused (POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE[*]). **-r** expect access to data in random order (POSIX_FADV_RANDOM), which sets readahead to zero. **-s** expect access to data in sequential order (POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL), which dou‐ bles the default readahead on the file. **-w** advises the specified data will be needed again (POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED[*]) which forces the maximum readahead. ### fdatasync Calls [**fdatasync**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/fdatasync/2/markdown) to flush the file's in-core data to disk. **fsync** Calls [**fsync**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/fsync/2/markdown) to flush all in-core file state to disk. **s** See the **fsync** command. **sync**___**range** **[** **-a** **|** **-b** **|** **-w** **]** **offset** **length** On platforms which support it, allows control of syncing a range of the file to disk. With no options, SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE is implied on the range supplied. **-a** wait for IO in the given range to finish after writing (SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER). **-b** wait for IO in the given range to finish before writing (SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE). **-w** start writeback of dirty data in the given range (SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE). **sync** Calls [**sync**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/sync/2/markdown) to flush all filesystems' in-core data to disk. **syncfs** Calls [**syncfs**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/syncfs/2/markdown) to flush this filesystem's in-core data to disk. **resvsp** _offset_ _length_ Allocates reserved, unwritten space for part of a file using the XFS_IOC_RESVSP system call described in the [**xfsctl**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xfsctl/3/markdown) manual page. **unresvsp** _offset_ _length_ Frees reserved space for part of a file using the XFS_IOC_UNRESVSP system call de‐ scribed in the [**xfsctl**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xfsctl/3/markdown) manual page. **falloc** **[** **-k** **]** _offset_ _length_ Allocates reserved, unwritten space for part of a file using the fallocate routine as described in the [**fallocate**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/fallocate/2/markdown) manual page. **-k** will set the FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE flag as described in [**fallocate**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/fallocate/2/markdown). **fcollapse** _offset_ _length_ Call fallocate with FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE flag as described in the [**fallocate**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/fallocate/2/markdown) manual page to de-allocates blocks and eliminates the hole created in this process by shifting data blocks into the hole. **finsert** _offset_ _length_ Call fallocate with FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE flag as described in the [**fallocate**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/fallocate/2/markdown) man‐ ual page to create the hole by shifting data blocks. **fpunch** _offset_ _length_ Punches (de-allocates) blocks in the file by calling fallocate with the FAL‐ LOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE flag as described in the [**fallocate**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/fallocate/2/markdown) manual page. **funshare** _offset_ _length_ Call fallocate with FALLOC_FL_UNSHARE_RANGE flag as described in the [**fallocate**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/fallocate/2/markdown) man‐ ual page to unshare all shared blocks within the range. **fzero** **[** **-k** **]** _offset_ _length_ Call fallocate with FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE flag as described in the [**fallocate**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/fallocate/2/markdown) manual page to allocate and zero blocks within the range. With the **-k** option, use the FAL‐ LOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE flag as well. **zero** _offset_ _length_ Call xfsctl with **XFS**___**IOC**___**ZERO**___**RANGE** as described in the [**xfsctl**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xfsctl/3/markdown) manual page to allo‐ cate and zero blocks within the range. **truncate** _offset_ Truncates the current file at the given offset using [**ftruncate**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ftruncate/2/markdown). **sendfile** **[** **-q** **]** **-i** _srcfile_ **|** **-f** _N_ **[** _offset_ _length_ **]** On platforms which support it, allows a direct in-kernel copy between two file de‐ scriptors. The current open file is the target, the source must be specified as an‐ other open file (**-f**) or by path (**-i**). **-q** quiet mode, do not write anything to standard output. **readdir** **[** **-v** **]** **[** **-o** _offset_ **]** **[** **-l** _length_ **]** Read a range of directory entries from a given offset of a directory. **-v** verbose mode - dump dirent content as defined in [**readdir**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/readdir/3/markdown) **-o** specify starting _offset_ **-l** specify total _length_ to read (in bytes) ### seek -a | -d | -h [ -r ] [ -s ] offset On platforms that support the [**lseek**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/lseek/2/markdown) **SEEK**___**DATA** and **SEEK**___**HOLE** options, display the offsets of the specified segments. **-a** Display both **data** and **hole** segments starting at the specified **offset.** **-d** Display the **data** segment starting at the specified **offset.** **-h** Display the **hole** segment starting at the specified **offset.** **-r** Recursively display all the specified segments starting at the specified **off**‐‐ **set.** **-s** Display the starting [lseek(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/lseek/2/markdown) offset. This offset will be a calculated value when both data and holes are displayed together or performing a recusively dis‐ play. **reflink** **[** **-C** **]** **[** **-q** **]** **src**___**file** **[src**___**offset** **dst**___**offset** **length]** On filesystems that support the **FICLONERANGE** or **BTRFS**___**IOC**___**CLONE**___**RANGE** ioctls, map _length_ bytes at offset _dst_offset_ in the open file to the same physical blocks that are mapped at offset _src_offset_ in the file _src_file_ , replacing any contents that may already have been there. If a program writes into a reflinked block range of either file, the dirty blocks will be cloned, written to, and remapped ("copy on write") in the affected file, leaving the other file(s) unchanged. If src_offset, dst_offset, and length are omitted, all contents of src_file will be reflinked into the open file. **-C** Print timing statistics in a condensed format. **-q** Do not print timing statistics at all. **dedupe** **[** **-C** **]** **[** **-q** **]** **src**___**file** **src**___**offset** **dst**___**offset** **length** On filesystems that support the **FIDEDUPERANGE** or **BTRFS**___**IOC**___**FILE**___**EXTENT**___**SAME** ioctls, map _length_ bytes at offset _dst_offset_ in the open file to the same physical blocks that are mapped at offset _src_offset_ in the file _src_file_ , but only if the contents of both ranges are identical. This is known as block-based deduplication. If a pro‐ gram writes into a reflinked block range of either file, the dirty blocks will be cloned, written to, and remapped ("copy on write") in the affected file, leaving the other file(s) unchanged. **-C** Print timing statistics in a condensed format. **-q** Do not print timing statistics at all. **copy**___**range** **[** **-s** _src_offset_ **]** **[** **-d** _dst_offset_ **]** **[** **-l** _length_ **]** **src**___**file** **|** **-f** _N_ On filesystems that support the **copy**___**file**___**[range**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/range/2/markdown) system call, copies data from the source file into the current open file. The source must be specified either by path (**src**___**file**) or as another open file (**-f**). If _length_ is not specified, this command copies data from _src_offset_ to the end of **src**___**file** into the dst_file at _dst_offset_. **-s** Copy data from _src_file_ beginning from _src_offset_. **-d** Copy data into the open file beginning at _dst_offset_. **-l** Copy up to _length_ bytes of data. **swapext** _donor_file_ Swaps extent forks between files. The current open file is the target. The donor file is specified by path. Note that file data is not copied (file content moves with the fork(s)). **set**___**encpolicy** **[** **-c** _mode_ **]** **[** **-n** _mode_ **]** **[** **-f** _flags_ **]** **[** **-v** _version_ **]** **[** _keyspec_ **]** On filesystems that support encryption, assign an encryption policy to the current file. _keyspec_ is a hex string which specifies the encryption key to use. For v1 en‐ cryption policies, _keyspec_ must be a 16-character hex string (8 bytes). For v2 poli‐ cies, _keyspec_ must be a 32-character hex string (16 bytes). If unspecified, an all- zeroes value is used. **-c** _mode_ contents encryption mode (e.g. AES-256-XTS) **-n** _mode_ filenames encryption mode (e.g. AES-256-CTS) **-f** _flags_ policy flags (numeric) **-v** _version_ policy version. Defaults to 1 or 2 depending on the length of _keyspec_; or to 1 if _keyspec_ is unspecified. **get**___**encpolicy** **[** **-1** **]** **[** **-t** **]** On filesystems that support encryption, display the encryption policy of the current file. **-1** Use only the old ioctl to get the encryption policy. This only works if the file has a v1 encryption policy. **-t** Test whether v2 encryption policies are supported. Prints "supported", "unsup‐ ported", or an error message. **add**___**enckey** **[** **-d** _descriptor_ **]** **[** **-k** _key_id_ **]** On filesystems that support encryption, add an encryption key to the filesystem con‐ taining the currently open file. By default, the raw key in binary (typically 64 bytes long) is read from standard input. **-d** _descriptor_ key descriptor, as a 16-character hex string (8 bytes). If given, the key will be available for use by v1 encryption policies that use this descriptor. Oth‐ erwise, the key is added as a v2 policy key, and on success the resulting "key identifier" will be printed. **-k** _key_id_ ID of kernel keyring key of type "fscrypt-provisioning". If given, the raw key will be taken from here rather than from standard input. **rm**___**enckey** **[** **-a** **]** _keyspec_ On filesystems that support encryption, remove an encryption key from the filesystem containing the currently open file. _keyspec_ is a hex string specifying the key to re‐ move, as a 16-character "key descriptor" or a 32-character "key identifier". **-a** Remove the key for all users who have added it, not just the current user. This is a privileged operation. **enckey**___**status** _keyspec_ On filesystems that support encryption, display the status of an encryption key. _keyspec_ is a hex string specifying the key for which to display the status, as a 16-character "key descriptor" or a 32-character "key identifier". **lsattr** [ **-R** | **-D** | **-a** | **-v** ] List extended inode flags on the currently open file. If the **-R** option is specified, a recursive descent is performed for all directory entries below the currently open file (**-D** can be used to restrict the output to directories only). This is a depth first descent, it does not follow symlinks and it also does not cross mount points. The current inode flag letters are documented below. Please refer to the **ioctl**___**xfs**___**[fsgetxattr**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/fsgetxattr/2/markdown) documentation for more details about what they mean. **r** realtime file (XFS_XFLAG_REALTIME) **p** prealloc (XFS_XFLAG_PREALLOC) **i** immutable (XFS_XFLAG_IMMUTABLE) **a** append only (XFS_XFLAG_APPEND) **s** synchronous file writes (XFS_XFLAG_SYNC) **A** noatime (XFS_XFLAG_NOATIME) **d** nodump (XFS_XFLAG_NODUMP) **t** inherit realtime flag (XFS_XFLAG_RTINHERIT)" **P** inherit project id (XFS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT) **n** no symlink creation (XFS_XFLAG_NOSYMLINKS) **e** extent size hint (XFS_XFLAG_EXTSIZE) **E** inherit extent size hint (XFS_XFLAG_EXTSZINHERIT) **f** nodefrag (XFS_XFLAG_NODEFRAG) **S** filestream allocator (XFS_XFLAG_FILESTREAM) **x** direct access persistent memory (XFS_XFLAG_DAX) **C** copy on write extent hint (XFS_XFLAG_COWEXTSIZE) **X** has extended attributes (XFS_XFLAG_HASATTR) **chattr** [ **-R** | **-D** ] [ **+**/**-riasAdtPneEfSxC** ] Change extended inode flags on the currently open file. The **-R** and **-D** options have the same meaning as above. See the **lsattr** command above for the list of inode flag letters. **flink** _path_ Link the currently open file descriptor into the filesystem namespace. **stat** [ **-v**|**-r** ] Selected statistics from [**stat**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/stat/2/markdown) and the XFS_IOC_GETXATTR system call on the current file. If the **-v** option is specified, the atime (last access), mtime (last modify), and ctime (last change) timestamps are also displayed. The **-r** option dumps raw fields from the stat structure. **statx** **[** **-v|-r** **][** **-m** _basic_ **|** **-m** _all_ **|** **-m** __ **][** **-FD** **]** Selected statistics from [**stat**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/stat/2/markdown) and the XFS_IOC_GETXATTR system call on the current file. **-v** Show timestamps. **-r** Dump raw statx structure values. **-m** **basic** Set the field mask for the statx call to STATX_BASIC_STATS. **-m** **all** Set the the field mask for the statx call to STATX_ALL (default). **-m** **** Specify a numeric field mask for the statx call. **-F** Force the attributes to be synced with the server. **-D** Don't sync attributes with the server. **chproj** [ **-R**|**-D** ] Modifies the project identifier associated with the current path. The **-R** option will recursively descend if the current path is a directory. The **-D** option will also recur‐ sively descend, only setting modifying projects on subdirectories. See the **xfs**___**[quota**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/quota/8/markdown) manual page for more information about project identifiers. **lsproj** [ **-R**|**-D** ] Displays the project identifier associated with the current path. The **-R** and **-D** op‐ tions behave as described above, in **chproj.** **parent** [ **-cpv** ] By default this command prints out the parent inode numbers, inode generation numbers and basenames of all the hardlinks which point to the inode of the current file. **-p** the output is similar to the default output except pathnames up to the mount- point are printed out instead of the component name. **-c** the file's filesystem will check all the parent attributes for consistency. **-v** verbose output will be printed. **[NOTE:** **Not** **currently** **operational** **on** **Linux.]** **utimes** _atime_sec_ _atime_nsec_ _mtime_sec_ _mtime_nsec_ The utimes command changes the atime and mtime of the current file. sec uses UNIX timestamp notation and is the seconds elapsed since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC. nsec is the nanoseconds since the sec. This value needs to be in the range 0-999999999 with UTIME_NOW and UTIME_OMIT being exceptions. Each (sec, nsec) pair constitutes a single timestamp value. ## MEMORY MAPPED I/O COMMANDS **mmap** **[** _N_ **|** **[[** **-rwxS** **]** **[-s** _size_ **]** _offset_ _length_ **]]** With no arguments, **mmap** shows the current mappings. Specifying a single numeric argu‐ ment _N_ sets the current mapping. If two arguments are specified (a range specified by _offset_ and _length_), a new mapping is created spanning the range, and the protection mode can be given as a combination of PROT_READ (**-r**), PROT_WRITE (**-w**), and PROT_EXEC (**-x**). The mapping will be created with the MAP_SHARED flag by default, or with the Linux specific (MAP_SYNC | MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE) flags if **-S** is given. **-s** _size_ is used to do a mmap(size) && munmap(size) operation at first, try to reserve some extendible free memory space, if _size_ is bigger than _length_ parameter. But there's not guarantee that the memory after _length_ ( up to _size_ ) will stay free. **e.g.** "mmap -rw -s 8192 1024" will mmap 0 ~ 1024 bytes memory, but try to reserve 1024 ~ 8192 free space(no guarantee). This free space will helpful for "mremap 8192" without MREMAP_MAYMOVE flag. **mm** See the **mmap** command. **mremap** **[** **-f** **** **]** **[** **-m** **]** _new_length_ Changes the current mapping size to _new_length_. Whether the mapping may be moved is controlled by the flags passed; MREMAP_FIXED (**-f**), or MREMAP_MAYMOVE (**-m**). _new_length_ specifies a page-aligned address to which the mapping must be moved. It can be set to 139946004389888, 4096k or 1g etc. **mrm** See the **mremap** command. **munmap** Unmaps the current memory mapping. **mu** See the **munmap** command. **mread** **[** **-f** **|** **-v** **]** **[** **-r** **]** **[** _offset_ _length_ **]** Accesses a segment of the current memory mapping, optionally dumping it to the stan‐ dard output stream (with **-v** or **-f** option) for inspection. The accesses are performed sequentially from the start _offset_ by default, but can also be done from the end back‐ wards through the mapping if the **-r** option in specified. The two verbose modes differ only in the relative offsets they display, the **-f** option is relative to file start, whereas **-v** shows offsets relative to the start of the mapping. **mr** See the **mread** command. **mwrite** **[** **-r** **]** **[** **-S** _seed_ **]** **[** _offset_ _length_ **]** Stores a byte into memory for a range within a mapping. The default stored value is 'X', repeated to fill the range specified, but this can be changed using the **-S** op‐ tion. The memory stores are performed sequentially from the start offset by default, but can also be done from the end backwards through the mapping if the **-r** option in specified. **mw** See the **mwrite** command. **msync** **[** **-i** **]** **[** **-a** **|** **-s** **]** **[** _offset_ _length_ **]** Writes all modified copies of pages over the specified range (or entire mapping if no range specified) to their backing storage locations. Also, optionally invalidates (**-i**) so that subsequent references to the pages will be obtained from their backing storage locations (instead of cached copies). The flush can be done synchronously (**-s)** or asynchronously (**-a**). **ms** See the **msync** command. **madvise** **[** **-d** **|** **-r** **|** **-s** **|** **-w** **]** **[** _offset_ _length_ **]** Modifies page cache behavior when operating on the current mapping. The range argu‐ ments are required by some advise commands ([*] below). With no arguments, the POSIX_MADV_NORMAL advice is implied (default readahead). **-d** the pages will not be needed (POSIX_MADV_DONTNEED[*]). **-r** expect random page references (POSIX_MADV_RANDOM), which sets readahead to zero. **-s** expect sequential page references (POSIX_MADV_SEQUENTIAL), which doubles the default readahead on the file. **-w** advises the specified pages will be needed again (POSIX_MADV_WILLNEED[*]) which forces the maximum readahead. ### mincore Dumps a list of pages or ranges of pages that are currently in core, for the current memory mapping. ## FILESYSTEM COMMANDS **bulkstat** **[** **-a** _agno_ **]** **[** **-d** **]** **[** **-e** _endino_ **]** **[** **-n** _batchsize_ **]** **[** **-s** _startino_ **]** **[** **-v** _version"_**]** Display raw stat information about a bunch of inodes in an XFS filesystem. Options are as follows: **-a** _agno_ Display only results from the given allocation group. If not specified, all results returned will be displayed. **-d** Print debugging information about call results. **-e** _endino_ Stop displaying records when this inode number is reached. Defaults to stopping when the system call stops returning results. **-n** _batchsize_ Retrieve at most this many records per call. Defaults to 4,096. **-s** _startino_ Display inode allocation records starting with this inode. Defaults to the first inode in the filesystem. If the given inode is not allocated, results will begin with the next allocated inode in the filesystem. **-v** _version_ Use a particular version of the kernel interface. Currently supported ver‐ sions are 1 and 5. **bulkstat**___**single** **[** **-d** **]** **[** **-v** _version_ **]** **[** _inum..._ **|** _special..._ **]** Display raw stat information about individual inodes in an XFS filesystem. The **-d** and **-v** options are the same as the **bulkstat** command. Arguments must be inode numbers or any of the special values: **root** Display information about the root directory inode. **freeze** Suspend all write I/O requests to the filesystem of the current file. Only available in expert mode and requires privileges. **thaw** Undo the effects of a filesystem freeze operation. Only available in expert mode and requires privileges. **inject** **[** _tag_ **]** Inject errors into a filesystem to observe filesystem behavior at specific points un‐ der adverse conditions. Without the _tag_ argument, displays the list of error tags available. Only available in expert mode and requires privileges. **resblks** **[** _blocks_ **]** Get and/or set count of reserved filesystem blocks using the XFS_IOC_GET_RESBLKS or XFS_IOC_SET_RESBLKS system calls. Note -- this can be useful for exercising out of space behavior. Only available in expert mode and requires privileges. **shutdown** [ **-f** ] Force the filesystem to shut down, preventing any further IO. XFS and other filesys‐ tems implement this functionality, although implementation details may differ slightly. Only available in expert mode and requires privileges. By default, the filesystem will not attempt to flush completed transactions to disk before shutting down the filesystem. This simulates a disk failure or crash. **-f** Force the filesystem to flush all completed transactions to disk before shut‐ ting down, matching XFS behavior when critical corruption is encountered. ### statfs [ -c ] [ -g ] [ -s ] Report selected statistics on the filesystem where the current file resides. The de‐ fault behavior is to enable all three reporting options: **-c** Display **XFS**___**IOC**___**FSCOUNTERS** summary counter data. **-g** Display **XFS**___**IOC**___**FSGEOMETRY** filesystem geometry data. **-s** Display [**statfs**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/statfs/2/markdown) data. **inode** **[** **[** **-n** **]** _number_ **]** **[** **-v** **]** The inode command queries physical information about an inode. With no arguments, it will return 1 or 0, indicating whether or not any inode numbers greater than 32 bits are currently in use in the filesystem. If given an inode _number_ as an argument, the command will return the same inode _number_ if it is in use, or 0 if not. With **-n** _number_ , the next used inode number after this _number_ will be returned, or zero if the sup‐ plied inode number is the highest one in use. With **-v** the command will also report the number of bits (32 or 64) used by the inode _number_ printed in the result; if no inode _number_ was specified on the command line, the maximum possible inode number in the system will be printed along with its size. **inumbers** **[** **-a** _agno_ **]** **[** **-d** **]** **[** **-e** _endino_ **]** **[** **-n** _batchsize_ **]** **[** **-s** _startino_ **]** **[** **-v** _version_ **]** Prints allocation information about groups of inodes in an XFS filesystem. Callers can use this information to figure out which inodes are allocated. Options are as follows: **-a** _agno_ Display only results from the given allocation group. If not specified, all results returned will be displayed. **-d** Print debugging information about call results. **-e** _endino_ Stop displaying records when this inode number is reached. Defaults to stopping when the system call stops returning results. **-n** _batchsize_ Retrieve at most this many records per call. Defaults to 4,096. **-s** _startino_ Display inode allocation records starting with this inode. Defaults to the first inode in the filesystem. If the given inode is not allocated, results will begin with the next allocated inode in the filesystem. **-v** _version_ Use a particular version of the kernel interface. Currently supported ver‐ sions are 1 and 5. **scrub** _type_ **[** _agnumber_ **|** _ino_ _gen_ **]** Scrub internal XFS filesystem metadata. The **type** parameter specifies which type of metadata to scrub. For AG metadata, one AG number must be specified. For file meta‐ data, the scrub is applied to the open file unless the inode number and generation number are specified. **repair** _type_ **[** _agnumber_ **|** _ino_ _gen_ **]** Repair internal XFS filesystem metadata. The **type** parameter specifies which type of metadata to repair. For AG metadata, one AG number must be specified. For file meta‐ data, the repair is applied to the open file unless the inode number and generation number are specified. **label** **[** **-c** **|** **-s** _label_ **]** On filesystems that support online label manipulation, get, set, or clear the filesys‐ tem label. With no options, print the current filesystem label. The **-c** option clears the filesystem label by setting it to the null string. The **-s** _label_ option sets the filesystem label to _label_. If the label is longer than the filesystem will accept, **xfs**___**io** will print an error message. XFS filesystem labels can be at most 12 charac‐ ters long. **fsmap** **[** **-d** **|** **-l** **|** **-r** **]** **[** **-m** **|** **-v** **]** **[** **-n** _nx_ **]** **[** _start_ **]** **[** _end_ **]** Prints the mapping of disk blocks used by the filesystem hosting the current file. The map lists each extent used by files, allocation group metadata, journalling logs, and static filesystem metadata, as well as any regions that are unused. Each line of the listings takes the following form: _extent_: _major_:_minor_ [_startblock_.._endblock_]: _owner_ _startoffset_.._endoffset_ _length_ Static filesystem metadata, allocation group metadata, btrees, journalling logs, and free space are marked by replacing the _startoffset_.._endoffset_ with the appropriate marker. All blocks, offsets, and lengths are specified in units of 512-byte blocks, no matter what the filesystem's block size is. The optional _start_ and _end_ arguments can be used to constrain the output to a particular range of disk blocks. If these two options are specified, exactly one of **-d**, **-l**, or **-r** must also be set. **-d** Display only extents from the data device. This option only applies for XFS filesystems. **-l** Display only extents from the external log device. This option only applies to XFS filesystems. **-r** Display only extents from the realtime device. This option only applies to XFS filesystems. **-m** Display results in a machine readable format (CSV). This option is not com‐ patible with the **-v** flag. The columns of the output are: extent number, de‐ vice major, device minor, physical start, physical end, owner, offset start, offset end, length. The start, end, and length numbers are provided in units of 512b. The owner field is a special string that takes the form: _inode_%lld_data_ for inode data. _inode_%lld_data_bmbt_ for inode data extent maps. _inode_%lld_attr_ for inode extended attribute data. _inode_%lld_attr_bmbt_ for inode extended attribute extent maps. _special_%u:%u_ for other filesystem metadata. **-n** _num_extents_ If this option is given, **fsmap** obtains the extent list of the file in groups of _num_extents_ extents. In the absence of **-n**, **fsmap** queries the system for extents in groups of 131,072 records. **-v** Shows verbose information. When this flag is specified, additional AG spe‐ cific information is appended to each line in the following form: _agno_ (_startagblock_.._endagblock_) _nblocks_ _flags_ A second **-v** option will print out the _flags_ legend. This option is not com‐ patible with the **-m** flag. ## OTHER COMMANDS **help** **[** command **]** Display a brief description of one or all commands. **print** Display a list of all open files and memory mapped regions. The current file and cur‐ rent mapping are distinguishable from any others. **p** See the **print** command. **quit** Exit **xfs**___**io**. **q** See the **quit** command. **log**___**writes** **-d** _device_ **-m** _mark_ Create a mark named _mark_ in the dm-log-writes log specified by _device._ This is in‐ tended to be equivalent to the shell command: **dmsetup** **message** _device_ **0** **mark** _mark_ **lw** See the **log**___**writes** command. ### crc32cselftest Test the internal crc32c implementation to make sure that it computes results cor‐ rectly. ## SEE ALSO [**mkfs.xfs**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/mkfs.xfs/8/markdown), [**xfsctl**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xfsctl/3/markdown), **xfs**___**[bmap**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/bmap/8/markdown), **xfs**___**[db**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/db/8/markdown), [**xfs**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xfs/5/markdown), [**fdatasync**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/fdatasync/2/markdown), [**fstat**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/fstat/2/markdown), [**fstatfs**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/fstatfs/2/markdown), [**fsync**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/fsync/2/markdown), [**ftruncate**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ftruncate/2/markdown), [**futimens**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/futimens/3/markdown), [**mmap**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/mmap/2/markdown), [**msync**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/msync/2/markdown), [**open**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/open/2/markdown), [**pread**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pread/2/markdown), [**pwrite**(2)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pwrite/2/markdown), **read**‐‐ [**dir**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/dir/3/markdown), [**dmsetup**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/dmsetup/8/markdown). [xfs_io(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xfsio/8/markdown)