phpman > man > tr(1)

Che Dong

⚡ TLDR: tr (tldr-pages)

Translate characters: run replacements based on single characters and character sets.

Replace all occurrences of a character in a file, and print the result
tr < {{path/to/file}} {{find_character}} {{replace_character}}
Replace all occurrences of a character from another command's output
echo {{text}} | tr {{find_character}} {{replace_character}}
Map each character of the first set to the corresponding character of the second set
tr < {{path/to/file}} '{{abcd}}' '{{jkmn}}'
Delete all occurrences of the specified set of characters from the input
tr < {{path/to/file}} {{-d|--delete}} '{{input_characters}}'
Compress a series of identical characters to a single character
tr < {{path/to/file}} {{-s|--squeeze-repeats}} '{{input_characters}}'
Translate the contents of a file to upper-case
tr < {{path/to/file}} "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]"
Strip out non-printable characters from a file
tr < {{path/to/file}} {{-cd|--complement --delete}} "[:print:]"

TR(1)                                       User Commands                                      TR(1)



NAME
       tr - translate or delete characters

SYNOPSIS
       tr [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]

DESCRIPTION
       Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing to standard output.

       -c, -C, --complement
              use the complement of SET1

       -d, --delete
              delete characters in SET1, do not translate

       -s, --squeeze-repeats
              replace  each  sequence  of  a repeated character that is listed in the last specified
              SET, with a single occurrence of that character

       -t, --truncate-set1
              first truncate SET1 to length of SET2

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       SETs are specified as strings of characters.  Most  represent  themselves.   Interpreted  se‐
       quences are:

       \NNN   character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)

       \\     backslash

       \a     audible BEL

       \b     backspace

       \f     form feed

       \n     new line

       \r     return

       \t     horizontal tab

       \v     vertical tab

       CHAR1-CHAR2
              all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order

       [CHAR*]
              in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1

       [CHAR*REPEAT]
              REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0

       [:alnum:]
              all letters and digits

       [:alpha:]
              all letters

       [:blank:]
              all horizontal whitespace

       [:cntrl:]
              all control characters

       [:digit:]
              all digits

       [:graph:]
              all printable characters, not including space

       [:lower:]
              all lower case letters

       [:print:]
              all printable characters, including space

       [:punct:]
              all punctuation characters

       [:space:]
              all horizontal or vertical whitespace

       [:upper:]
              all upper case letters

       [:xdigit:]
              all hexadecimal digits

       [=CHAR=]
              all characters which are equivalent to CHAR

       Translation  occurs  if  -d  is not given and both SET1 and SET2 appear.  -t may be used only
       when translating.  SET2 is extended to length of SET1 by repeating its last character as nec‐
       essary.   Excess characters of SET2 are ignored.  Only [:lower:] and [:upper:] are guaranteed
       to expand in ascending order; used in SET2 while translating, they may only be used in  pairs
       to  specify case conversion.  -s uses the last specified SET, and occurs after translation or
       deletion.

AUTHOR
       Written by Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS
       GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
       Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright © 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3  or  later
       <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This  is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY, to
       the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO
       Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/tr>
       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) tr invocation'



GNU coreutils 8.32                          January 2026                                       TR(1)

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