# phpman > man > snmpcmd(1) [SNMPCMD(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/SNMPCMD/1/markdown) Net-SNMP [SNMPCMD(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/SNMPCMD/1/markdown) ## NAME snmpcmd - options and behaviour common to most of the Net-SNMP command-line tools ## SYNOPSIS **snmpcmd** [OPTIONS] AGENT [PARAMETERS] ## DESCRIPTION This manual page describes the common options for the SNMP commands: **snmpbulkget**, **snmpbulk**‐‐ **walk**, **snmpdelta**, **snmpget**, **snmpgetnext**, **snmpnetstat**, **snmpset**, **snmpstatus**, **snmptable**, **snmptest**, **snmptrap**, **snmpdf**, **snmpusm** , **snmpwalk** . The command line applications use the SNMP protocol to communicate with an SNMP capable network entity, an agent. Individual applications typi‐ cally (but not necessarily) take additional parameters that are given after the agent speci‐ fication. These parameters are documented in the manual pages for each application. ## COMMAND-LINE CONFIG OPTIONS In addition to the options described in this manual page, all of the tokens described in the _snmp.conf_ and other .conf manual pages can be used on the command line of Net-SNMP applica‐ tions as well by prefixing them with "--". EG, specifying _--dontLoadHostConfig=true_ on the command line will turn off loading of the host specific configuration files. The snmp.conf file settings and the double-dash arguments over-ride the single-dash argu‐ ments. So it's important to note that if single-dash arguments aren't working because you have settings in the _snmp.conf_ file that conflict with them then you'll need to use the longer-form double-dash arguments to successfully trump the _snmp.conf_ file settings. ### Generic Options These options control how the Net-SNMP commands behave regardless of what version of SNMP you are using. See further below for options that control specific versions or sub-modules of the SNMP protocol. ### -d ### -D Turn on debugging output for the given _TOKEN_(s). Try _ALL_ for extremely verbose out‐ put. ### -h, --help Display a brief usage message and then exit. ### -H exit. ### -I Specifies input parsing options. See **INPUT** **OPTIONS** below. ### -L Specifies output logging options. See **LOGGING** **OPTIONS** below. ### -m Specifies a colon separated list of MIB modules (not files) to load for this applica‐ tion. This overrides (or augments) the environment variable MIBS, the _snmp.conf_ di‐ rective _mibs_, and the list of MIBs hardcoded into the Net-SNMP library. If _MIBLIST_ has a leading '-' or '+' character, then the MIB modules listed are loaded in addition to the default list, coming before or after this list respectively. Oth‐ erwise, the specified MIBs are loaded _instead_ of this default list. The special keyword _ALL_ is used to load all MIB modules in the MIB directory search list. Every file whose name does not begin with "." will be parsed as if it were a MIB file. ### -M Specifies a colon separated list of directories to search for MIBs. This overrides (or augments) the environment variable MIBDIRS, the _snmp.conf_ directive _mibdirs_, and the default directory hardcoded into the Net-SNMP library (/usr/share/snmp/mibs). If _DIRLIST_ has a leading '-' or '+' character, then the given directories are added to the default list, being searched before or after the directories on this list respec‐ tively. Otherwise, the specified directories are searched _instead_ of this default list. Note that the directories appearing later in the list have have precedence over ear‐ lier ones. To avoid searching any MIB directories, set the MIBDIRS environment vari‐ able to the empty string (""). Note that MIBs specified using the -m option or the _mibs_ configuration directive will be loaded from one of the directories listed by the -M option (or equivalents). The _mibfile_ directive takes a full path to the specified MIB file, so this does not need to be in the MIB directory search list. ### -v Specifies the protocol version to use: 1 (RFCs 1155-1157), 2c (RFCs 1901-1908), or 3 (RFCs 2571-2574). The default is typically version 3. Overrides the _defVersion_ token in the _snmp.conf_ file. **-O** _[abeEfnqQsStTuUvxX]_ Specifies output printing options. See **OUTPUT** **OPTIONS** below. ### -P Specifies MIB parsing options. See **MIB** **PARSING** **OPTIONS** below. ### -r Specifies the number of retries to be used in the requests. The default is 5. ### -t Specifies the timeout in seconds between retries. The default is 1. Floating point numbers can be used to specify fractions of seconds. ### -V, --version Display version information for the application and then exit. ### -Y **--**_name_**="value"** Allows one to specify any token ("name") supported in the _snmp.conf_ file and sets its value to "value". Overrides the corresponding token in the _snmp.conf_ file. See [_snmp.conf(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmp.conf/5/markdown)_ for the full list of tokens. ### SNMPv3 Options The following options are generic to all forms of SNMPv3, regardless of whether it's the original SNMPv3 with USM or the newer SNMPv3 over (D)TLS support. ### -l Set the securityLevel used for SNMPv3 messages (noAuthNoPriv|authNoPriv|authPriv). Appropriate pass phrase(s) must provided when using any level higher than noAuthNo‐ Priv. Overrides the _defSecurityLevel_ token in the _snmp.conf_ file. ### -n Set the contextName used for SNMPv3 messages. The default contextName is the empty string "". Overrides the _defContext_ token in the _snmp.conf_ file. ### SNMPv3 over TLS Options These options pass transport-specific parameters to the TLS layer. If you're using SNMP over TLS or DTLS you'll need to pass a combination of these either through these command line op‐ tions or through snmp.conf configuration tokens. A note about _s_ _:_ Net-SNMP looks for X.509 certificates in each of the normal SNMP configuration directory search paths under a "tls" subdirectory. IE, it will look in ~/.snmp/tls and in /usr/local/share/snmp/tls for certificates. The certificate com‐ ponents (eg, the public and private halves) are stored in sub-directories underneath this root set of directories. See the net-snmp-cert tool for help in importing, creating and man‐ aging Net-SNMP certificates. _s_ can reference either a fingerprint of the certificate to use (the net-snmp-cert tool can help you figure out the certificates) or the filename's prefix can be used. For example, if you had a "snmpd.crt" certificate file then you could simply refer to the certificate via the "snmpd" specifier. ### -T localCert= Indicates to the transport which key should be used to initiate (D)TLS client connec‐ tions. This would typically be a certificate found using the certificate fingerprint, the application name (eg snmpd, snmptrapd, perl, python) or genericized name "snmpapp" if using one of the generic applications (snmpget, snmpwalk, etc). This can also be set using the localCert specifier in a snmp.conf configuration file. ### -T peerCert= If you expect a particular certificate to be presented by the other side then you can use this specifier to indicate the certificate it should present. If it fails to present the expected certificate the client will refuse to open the connection (be‐ cause doing otherwise could lead to man-in-the-middle attacks). This can also be set using the peerCert specifier in a snmp.conf configuration file. ### -T If you have a trusted CA certificate you wish to anchor trust with, you can use this flag to load a given certificate as a trust anchor. A copy of the certificate must exist within the Net-SNMP certificate storage system or this must point to a complete path name. Also see the "trustCert" snmp.conf configuration token. ### -T If the server's presented certificate can be validating using a trust anchor then their hostname will be checked to ensure their presented hostname matches one that is expected (you don't want to connect to goodhost.example.com and accept a certificate presented by badhost.example.com do you?). This token can specify the exact host name expected to be presented by the remote side, either in a subjectAltName field or in the CommonName field of the server's X.509 certificate. ### SNMPv3 with USM Options These options are specific to using SNMPv3 with the original User-based Security Model (USM). ### -3[MmKk] 0xHEXKEY Sets the keys to be used for SNMPv3 transactions. These options allow you to set the master authentication and encryption keys (-3m and -3M respectively) or set the local‐ ized authentication and encryption keys (-3k and -3K respectively). SNMPv3 keys can be either passed in by hand using these flags, or by the use of keys generated from passwords using the -A and -X flags discussed below. For further details on SNMPv3 and its usage of keying information, see the Net-SNMP tutorial web site ( ). Overrides the defAuthMasterKey (-3m), defPrivMasterKey (-3M), defAuthLocalizedKey (-3k) or defPrivLocalizedKey (-3K) tokens, respectively, in the _snmp.conf_ file, see [_snmp.conf(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmp.conf/5/markdown)._ ### -a Set the authentication protocol (MD5|SHA|SHA-512|SHA-384|SHA-256|SHA-224) used for au‐ thenticated SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the _defAuthType_ token in the _snmp.conf_ file. ### -A Set the authentication pass phrase used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the _defAuthPassphrase_ token in the _snmp.conf_ file. It is insecure to specify pass phrases on the command line, see [_snmp.conf(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmp.conf/5/markdown)._ ### -e Set the authoritative (security) engineID used for SNMPv3 REQUEST messages, given as a hexadecimal string (optionally prefixed by "0x"). It is typically not necessary to specify this engine ID, as it will usually be discovered automatically. ### -E Set the context engineID used for SNMPv3 REQUEST messages scopedPdu, given as a hexa‐ decimal string. If not specified, this will default to the authoritative engineID. ### -u Set the securityName used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the _defSecuri__‐ _tyName_ token in the _snmp.conf_ file. ### -x Set the privacy protocol (DES or AES) used for encrypted SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the _defPrivType_ token in the _snmp.conf_ file. This option is only valid if the Net-SNMP software was build to use OpenSSL. ### -X Set the privacy pass phrase used for encrypted SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the _def__‐ _PrivPassphrase_ token in the _snmp.conf_ file. It is insecure to specify pass phrases on the command line, see [_snmp.conf(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmp.conf/5/markdown)._ ### -Z Set the engineBoots and engineTime used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages. This will initialize the local notion of the agents boots/time with an authenticated value stored in the LCD. It is typically not necessary to specify this option, as these values will usually be discovered automatically. ### SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c Options ### -c Set the community string for SNMPv1/v2c transactions. Overrides the _defCommunity_ to‐ ken in the _snmp.conf_ file. ## AGENT SPECIFICATION The string _AGENT_ in the **SYNOPSIS** above specifies the remote SNMP entity with which to commu‐ nicate. This specification takes the form: [:] At its simplest, the _AGENT_ specification may consist of a hostname, or an IPv4 address in the standard "dotted quad" notation. In this case, communication will be attempted using UDP/IPv4 to port 161 of the given host. Otherwise, the part of the spec‐ ification is parsed according to the following table: **** **** **format** udp hostname[:port] _or_ IPv4-address[:port] tcp hostname[:port] _or_ IPv4-address[:port] unix pathname ipx [network]:node[/port] aal5pvc _or_ pvc [interface.][VPI.]VCI udp6 or udpv6 or udpipv6 hostname[:port] _or_ IPv6-address:port _or_ '['IPv6-address']'[:port] tcp6 or tcpv6 or tcpipv6 hostname[:port] _or_ IPv6-address:port _or_ '['IPv6-address']'[:port] Note that strings are case-insensitive so that, for example, "tcp" and "TCP" are equivalent. Here are some examples, along with their interpretation: _hostname:161_ perform query using UDP/IPv4 datagrams to _hostname_ on port _161_. The ":161" is redundant here since that is the default SNMP port in any case. _udp:hostname_ identical to the previous specification. The "udp:" is redundant here since UDP/IPv4 is the default transport. _TCP:hostname:1161_ connect to _hostname_ on port _1161_ using TCP/IPv4 and perform query over that connection. _udp6:hostname:10161_ perform the query using UDP/IPv6 datagrams to port _10161_ on _hostname_ (which will be looked up as an AAAA record). _UDP6:[[fe80::2d0](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/fe80%3A%3A2d0/markdown):b7ff:fe21:c6c0]_ perform the query using UDP/IPv6 datagrams to port 161 at address [_fe80::2d0](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/fe80%3A%3A2d0/markdown):b7ff:fe21:c6c0_. _tcpipv6:[::1]:1611_ connect to port 1611 on the local host ([_::1_](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/%3A%3A1/markdown) in IPv6 parlance) using TCP/IPv6 and perform query over that connection. _tls:hostname:10161_ _dtls:hostname:10161_ Connects using SNMP over DTLS or TLS as documented by the ISMS work‐ ing group (RFCs not yet published as of this date). This will re‐ quire (and automatically ensures) that the TSM security model is in use. You'll also need to set up trust paths for the certificates presented by the server (see above for descriptions of this). _ssh:hostname:22_ Connects using SNMP over SSH as documented by the ISMS working group (RFCs not yet published as of this date). This will require that the TSM security model is in use (--defSecurityModel=tsm). [_ipx::00D0B7AAE308_](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/ipx%3A%3A00D0B7AAE308/markdown) perform query using IPX datagrams to node number _00D0B7AAE308_ on the default network, and using the default IPX port of 36879 (900F hexa‐ decimal), as suggested in RFC 1906. _ipx:0AE43409:00D0B721C6C0/1161_ perform query using IPX datagrams to port _1161_ on node number _00D0B721C6C0_ on network number _0AE43409_. _unix:/tmp/local-agent_ connect to the Unix domain socket _/tmp/local-agent_, and perform the query over that connection. _/tmp/local-agent_ identical to the previous specification, since the Unix domain is the default transport iff the first character of the is a '/'. _alias:myname_ perform a connection to the _myname_ alias which needs to be defined in the snmp.conf file using a line like " _alias_ _myname_ _udp:127.0.0.1:9161_ ". Any type of transport definition can be used as the alias expansion parameter. Aliases are particularly useful for using repeated complex transport strings. _AAL5PVC:100_ perform the query using AAL5 PDUs sent on the permanent virtual cir‐ cuit with VPI=0 and VCI=100 (decimal) on the first ATM adapter in the machine. _PVC:1.10.32_ perform the query using AAL5 PDUs sent on the permanent virtual cir‐ cuit with VPI=10 (decimal) and VCI=32 (decimal) on the second ATM adapter in the machine. Note that "PVC" is a synonym for "AAL5PVC". Note that not all the transport domains listed above will always be available; for instance, hosts with no IPv6 support will not be able to use udp6 transport addresses, and attempts to do so will result in the error "Unknown host". Likewise, since AAL5 PVC support is only cur‐ rently available on Linux, it will fail with the same error on other platforms. ## MIB PARSING OPTIONS The Net-SNMP MIB parser mostly adheres to the Structure of Management Information (SMI). As that specification has changed through time, and in recognition of the (ahem) diversity in compliance expressed in MIB files, additional options provide more flexibility in reading MIB files. ### -Pc Strictly speaking, a second appearance of "--" should terminate the comment, but this breaks some MIB files. The default behaviour (to interpret comments correctly) can also be set with the configuration token _commentToEOL_. ### -Pd the amount of memory used by the running application. ### -Pe erences to IMPORTed modules and MIB objects that cannot be located in the MIB direc‐ tory search list. The default behaviour can also be set with the configuration token _showMibErrors_. ### -PR list of MIB definitions loaded, use the last version to be read in. By default, the first version will be used, and any duplicates discarded. This behaviour can also be set with the configuration token _mibReplaceWithLatest_. Such ordering is normally only relevant if there are two MIB files with conflicting object definitions for the same OID (or different revisions of the same basic MIB ob‐ ject). ### -Pu bols. Strictly speaking, this is not valid SMI syntax, but some vendor MIB files de‐ fine such names. The default behaviour can also be set with the configuration token _mibAllowUnderline_. ### -Pw This can also be set with the configuration directive _mibWarningLevel_ _1_ ### -PW jects. This can also be set with the configuration directive _mibWarningLevel_ _2_ ## OUTPUT OPTIONS The format of the output from SNMP commands can be controlled using various parameters of the ### -O fault output (unless otherwise specified): $ snmpget -c public -v 1 localhost sysUpTime.0 SNMPv2-[MIB::sysUpTime](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3AsysUpTime/markdown).0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63 ### -Oa corresponding MIB object). By default, the library attempts to determine whether the value is a printable or binary string, and displays it accordingly. This option does not affect objects that _do_ have a Display Hint. ### -Ob subidentifiers as string or OID values: $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost vacmSecurityModel SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-[MIB::vacmSecurityModel](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3AvacmSecurityModel/markdown).0."wes" = xxx $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 **-Ob** localhost vacmSecurityModel SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-[MIB::vacmSecurityModel](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3AvacmSecurityModel/markdown).0.3.119.101.115 = xxx ### -Oe $ snmpget -c public -v 1 localhost ipForwarding.0 IP-[MIB::ipForwarding](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3AipForwarding/markdown).0 = INTEGER: [forwarding(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/forwarding/1/markdown) $ snmpget -c public -v 1 **-Oe** localhost ipForwarding.0 IP-[MIB::ipForwarding](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3AipForwarding/markdown).0 = INTEGER: 1 ### -OE $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost vacmSecurityModel SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-[MIB::vacmSecurityModel](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3AvacmSecurityModel/markdown).0."wes" = xxx $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 **-OE** localhost vacmSecurityModel SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-[MIB::vacmSecurityModel](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3AvacmSecurityModel/markdown).0.\"wes\" = xxx This allows the output to be reused in shell commands. ### -Of .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63 ### -On .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63 ### -Op PRECISION Uses the PRECISION string to allow modification of the value output format. This is used with OPAQUE float/double at the moment, but might be usabe for other types in the future. Allowed PRECISION strings are compatible to the flag/field with/precision part of the [printf(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/printf/3/markdown) function: $ snmpget localhost outputVoltage.1 WIENER-CRATE-[MIB::outputVoltage](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3AoutputVoltage/markdown).u0 = Opaque: Float: 0.000000 V $ snmpget -Op +020.12 localhost outputVoltage.1 WIENER-CRATE-[MIB::outputVoltage](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3AoutputVoltage/markdown).u0 = Opaque: Float: +000000.000000000000 V ### -Oq SNMPv2-[MIB::sysUpTime](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3AsysUpTime/markdown).0 1:15:09:27.63 ### -OQ SNMPv2-[MIB::sysUpTime](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3AsysUpTime/markdown).0 = 1:15:09:27.63 ### -Os sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63 ### -OS SNMPv2-[MIB::sysUpTime](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3AsysUpTime/markdown).0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63 This is the default OID output format. ### -Ot SNMPv2-[MIB::sysUpTime](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3AsysUpTime/markdown).0 = 14096763 ### -OT ### -Ou That means removing a series of "standard" prefixes from the OID, and displaying the remaining list of MIB object names (plus any other subidentifiers): system.sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63 ### -OU ### -Ov $ snmpget -c public -v 1 **-Ov** localhost ipForwarding.0 INTEGER: [forwarding(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/forwarding/1/markdown) ### -Ox corresponding MIB object). By default, the library attempts to determine whether the value is a printable or binary string, and displays it accordingly. This option does not affect objects that _do_ have a Display Hint. ### -OX style index format: $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost ipv6RouteTable IPv6-[MIB::ipv6RouteIfIndex](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3Aipv6RouteIfIndex/markdown).63.254.1.0.255.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.64.1 = INTEGER: 2 $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 **-OX** localhost ipv6RouteTable IPv6-[MIB::ipv6RouteIfIndex](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3Aipv6RouteIfIndex/markdown)[3ffe:100:ff00:0:0:0:0:0][64][1] = INTEGER: 2 Most of these options can also be configured via configuration tokens. See the [_snmp.conf(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmp.conf/5/markdown)_ manual page for details. ## LOGGING OPTIONS The mechanism and destination to use for logging of warning and error messages can be con‐ trolled by passing various parameters to the **-L** flag. ### -Ln ### -Le ### -Lf FILE Log messages to the specified file. ### -Lo ### -Ls FACILITY Log messages via syslog, using the specified facility ('d' for LOG_DAEMON, 'u' for LOG_USER, or '0'-'7' for LOG_LOCAL0 through LOG_LOCAL7). There are also "upper case" versions of each of these options, which allow the corresponding logging mechanism to be restricted to certain priorities of message. Using standard error logging as an example: ### -LE pri will log messages of priority 'pri' and above to standard error. See below for possi‐ ble 'pri' values- ### -LE pri1-pri2 will log messages with priority between 'pri1' and 'pri2' (inclusive) to standard er‐ ror. For **-LF** and **-LS** the priority specification comes before the file or facility token. The priorities recognised are: **0** or **!** for LOG_EMERG, **1** or **a** for LOG_ALERT, **2** or **c** for LOG_CRIT, **3** or **e** for LOG_ERR, **4** or **w** for LOG_WARNING, **5** or **n** for LOG_NOTICE, **6** or **i** for LOG_INFO, and **7** or **d** for LOG_DEBUG. Normal output is (or will be!) logged at a priority level of **LOG**___**NOTICE** ## INPUT OPTIONS The interpretation of input object names and the values to be assigned can be controlled us‐ ing various parameters of the **-I** flag. The default behaviour will be described at the end of this section. ### -Ib (case-insensitively) against object names in the MIB tree. The "best" match will be used - calculated as the one that matches the closest to the beginning of the node name and the highest in the tree. For example, the MIB object vacmSecurityModel could be matched by the expression vacmsecuritymodel (full name, but different case), or vacm.*model (regexp pattern). Note that '.' is a special character in regular expression patterns, so the expression cannot specify instance subidentifiers or more than one object name. A "best match" expression will only be applied against single MIB object names. For example, the ex‐ pression _sys*ontact.0_ would not match the instance sysContact.0 (although _sys*ontact_ would match sysContact). Similarly, specifying a MIB module name will not succeed (so _SNMPv2-[MIB::sys](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3Asys/markdown).*ontact_ would not match either). ### -Ih require providing the raw value: snmpset ... HOST-RESOURCES-[MIB::hrSystemDate](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3AhrSystemDate/markdown).0 x "07 D2 0C 0A 02 04 06 08" instead of a formatted version: snmpset ... HOST-RESOURCES-[MIB::hrSystemDate](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3AhrSystemDate/markdown).0 = 2002-12-10,2:4:6.8 ### -Ir definitions. This will (hopefully) result in the remote agent reporting an invalid request, rather than checking (and rejecting) this before it is sent to the remote agent. Local checks are more efficient (and the diagnostics provided also tend to be more precise), but disabling this behaviour is particularly useful when testing the remote agent. ### -IR the desired MIB object (or qualifying this object with an explicit MIB module name), the MIB tree will be searched for the matching object name. Thus .iso.org.dod.inter‐ net.mib-2.system.sysDescr.0 (or SNMPv2-[MIB::sysDescr](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MIB%3A%3AsysDescr/markdown).0) can be specified simply as sysDescr.0. Warning: Since MIB object names are not globally unique, this approach may return a dif‐ ferent MIB object depending on which MIB files have been loaded. The _MIB-[MODULE::objectName_](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/MODULE%3A%3AobjectName/markdown) syntax has the advantage of uniquely identifying a particu‐ lar MIB object, as well as being slightly more efficient (and automatically loading the necessary MIB file if necessary). ### -Is SUFFIX adds the specified suffix to each textual OID given on the command line. This can be used to retrieve multiple objects from the same row of a table, by specifying a common index value. ### -IS PREFIX adds the specified prefix to each textual OID given on the command line. This can be used to specify an explicit MIB module name for all objects being retrieved (or for incurably lazy typists). ### -Iu that OIDs are rooted at the 'mib-2' point in the tree (unless they start with an ex‐ plicit '.' or include a MIB module name). So the sysDescr instance above would be referenced as system.sysDescr.0. Object names specified with a leading '.' are always interpreted as "fully qualified" OIDs, listing the sequence of MIB objects from the root of the MIB tree. Such objects and those qualified by an explicit MIB module name are unaffected by the **-Ib**, **-IR** and **-Iu** flags. Otherwise, if none of the above input options are specified, the default behaviour for a "relative" OID is to try and interpret it as an (implicitly) fully qualified OID, then apply "random access" lookup (**-IR**), followed by "best match" pattern matching (**-Ib**). ## ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES PREFIX The standard prefix for object identifiers (when using UCD-style output). Defaults to .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2 MIBS The list of MIBs to load. Defaults to SNMPv2-TC:SNMPv2-MIB:IF-MIB:IP-MIB:TCP-MIB: UDP-MIB:SNMP-VACM-MIB. Overridden by the **-m** option. MIBDIRS The list of directories to search for MIBs. Defaults to /usr/share/snmp/mibs. Over‐ ridden by the **-M** option. ## FILES /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf Agent configuration file. See [_snmpd.conf(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmpd.conf/5/markdown)_. /etc/snmp/snmp.conf ~/.snmp/snmp.conf Application configuration files. See [_snmp.conf(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmp.conf/5/markdown)_. ## SEE ALSO [snmpget(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmpget/1/markdown), [snmpgetnext(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmpgetnext/1/markdown), [snmpset(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmpset/1/markdown), [snmpbulkget(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmpbulkget/1/markdown), [snmpbulkwalk(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmpbulkwalk/1/markdown), [snmpwalk(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmpwalk/1/markdown), snmpt‐ [able(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/able/1/markdown), [snmpnetstat(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmpnetstat/1/markdown), [snmpdelta(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmpdelta/1/markdown), [snmptrap(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmptrap/1/markdown), [snmpinform(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmpinform/1/markdown), [snmpusm(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmpusm/1/markdown), [snmpstatus(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmpstatus/1/markdown), [snmptest(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmptest/1/markdown), [snmp.conf(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snmp.conf/5/markdown). V5.9.1 20 Jul 2010 [SNMPCMD(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/SNMPCMD/1/markdown)