# phpman > man > pnmtofiasco(1) > **TLDR:** Convert a PNM image to a compressed FIASCO file. > - Convert a PNM image to a compressed FIASCO file: `pnmtofiasco {{path/to/file.pnm}} > {{path/to/file.fiasco}}` - Specify the input files through a pattern: `pnmtofiasco {{-i|--image-name}} "{{img[01-09+1].pnm}}" > {{path/to/file.fiasco}}` - Specify the compression quality: `pnmtofiasco {{-q|--quality}} {{quality_level}} {{path/to/file.pnm}} > {{path/to/file.fiasco}}` - Load the options to be used from the specified configuration file: `pnmtofiasco {{-f|--config}} {{path/to/fiascorc}} {{path/to/file.pnm}} > {{path/to/file.fiasco}}` *Source: tldr-pages* --- [pnmmtofiasco(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pnmmtofiasco/1/markdown) General Commands Manual [pnmmtofiasco(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pnmmtofiasco/1/markdown) ## NAME pnmtofiasco - Convert a portable anymap to FIASCO compressed file ## SYNOPSIS **pnmtofiasco** [_option_]... [_filename_]... ## DESCRIPTION **pnmtofiasco** compresses the named pbm, pgm, or ppm image files, or Standard Input if no file is named, and produces a FIASCO file on Standard Output. ## OPTIONS All option names may be abbreviated; for example, --optimize may be written --optim or --opt. For most options a one letter short option is provided. Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are mandatory or optional for short options, too. Both short and long options are case sensitive. The basic options are: ### -i --input-name= Compress the named images, not Standard Input. If _name_ is **-**, read Standard Input. _name_ has to be either an image filename or a template of the form: prefix[start-end{+,-}step]suffix Templates are useful when compressing video streams: e.g., if you specify the template **img0[12-01-2].pgm**, then **pnmtofiasco** compresses the images img012.pgm, img010.pgm, ..., img002.pgm. If _name_ is a relative path, **pnmtofiasco** searches for the image files in the current directory and in the (colon-separated) list of directories given by the environment variable **FIASCO**___**IMAGES**. ### -o --output-name= Write FIASCO output to the named file, not to Standard Output. If _name_ is a relative path and the environment variable **FIASCO**___**DATA** is a (colon-sepa‐ rated) list of directories, then **pnmtofiasco** writes the output file to the first (writable) directory of this list. Otherwise, **pnmtofiasco** write it to the current di‐ rectory. ### -q --quality= Set quality of compression to _N_. Quality is 1 (worst) to 100 (best); default is 20. ### -v --version Print **pnmtofiasco** version number, then exit. ### -V --verbose Set level of verbosity to _N_. Level is 0 (no output at all), 1 (show progress meter), or 2 (show detailed compression statistics); default is 1. ### -B --progress-meter Set type of progress-meter to _N_. The following types are available; default is 1: **0**: no progress meter **1**: RPM style progress bar using 50 hash marks **2**: percentage meter ### -f --config= Load parameter file _name_ to initialize the options of **pnmtofiasco**. See file **sys**‐‐ **tem.fiascorc** for an example of the syntax. Options of **pnmtofiasco** are set by any of the following methods (in the specified order): 1) Global ressource file **/etc/system.fiascorc** 2) $HOME/.fiascorc 3) command line 4) --config=_name_ ### -h --info Print brief help, then exit. ### -H --help Print detailed help, then exit. The options for advanced users are: ### -b --basis-name= Preload compression basis _name_ into FIASCO. The basis _name_ provides the initial com‐ pression dictionary. Either use one of the files "small.fco", "medium.fco", or "large.fco" that come with **pnmtofiasco** or create a new ASCII basis file. ### -z --optimize= _N_. Level is 0 (fastes) to 3 (slowest); default is 1. Be warned, the encoding time dra‐ matically increased when _N_=**2** or _N_=**3** while the compression performance only slightly improves. ### -P --prediction Use additional predictive coding. If this optimization is enabled then the image is compressed in two steps. In the first step, a coarse approximation of the image is computed using large unichrome blocks. Finally, the delta image is computed and the prediction error is approximated using the standard FIASCO algorithm. ### -D --dictionary-size= Set size of dictionary that is used when coding the luminance band to _N_; default is 10000, i.e., the dictionary is not restricted. ### -C --chroma-dictionary= Set size of dictionary that is used when coding chroma bands to _N_; default is 40. ### -Q --chroma-qfactor= Reduce the quality of chroma band compression _N_-times with respect to the user defined quality _q_ of the luminance band compression (**--quality**=_q_); default is 2. ### -t --tiling-exponent= Subdivide the image into 2^_N_ tiles prior coding; default is 4, i.e. the image is sub‐ divided into 16 tiles. The processing order of the individual tiles is defined by the option **--tiling-method=**_name_**.** ### -T --tiling-method= Order the individual image tiles (the image is subdivided into; see option **--tiling-** **exponent=**_N_) by method _name_; default is "desc-variance". **desc-variance**: Tiles with small variances are processed first. **asc-variance**: Tiles with large variances are processed first. **desc-spiral**: Tiles are process in spiral order starting in the middle. **asc-spiral**: Tiles are process in spiral order starting at the border. **--rpf-mantissa=**_N_ Use _N_ mantissa bits for quantized coefficients. **--dc-rpf-mantissa=**_N_ Use _N_ mantissa bits for quantized DC coefficients. **--rpf-range=**_N_ Coefficients outside the quantization interval [-_N_,+_N_] are set to zero. **--dc-rpf-range=**_N_ DC coefficients outside the quantization interval [-_N_,+_N_] are set to zero. Additional options for video compression are: ### -s --smooth= Smooth decompressed reference frames along the partitioning borders by the given amount _N_. _N_ is 0 (no smoothing) to 100; default is 70. This factor is stored in the FIASCO file. ### -m --min-level= Start prediction (motion compensated prediction or additional prediction) on block level _N_; default is level 6. I.e., motion compensation is applied to all image blocks of at least 8x8 pixels (binary tree level _N_=6), 16x8 (_N_=7), 16x16 (_N_=8), etc. ### -M --max-level= Stop prediction (motion compensated prediction or additional prediction) on block level _N_; default is level 10. I.e., motion compensation is applied to all image blocks of at most 16x16 pixels (_N_=8), 32x16 (_N_=9), 32x32 (_N_=10), etc. ### -2 --half-pixel Use half pixel precise motion compensation. ### -F --fps= Set number of frames per second to _N_. This value is stored in the FIASCO output file and is used in the decoder [dfiasco(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/dfiasco/1/markdown) to control the framerate. ### -p --pattern= Defines the type of inter frame compression which should be applied to individual frames of a video stream. _type_ is a sequence of characters; default is "IPPPPPPPPP". Element **N** defines the type of predicting which should be used for frame **N**; the frame type pattern is periodically extended. Valid characters are: **I**: intra frame, i.e., no motion compensated prediction is used at all. **P**: predicted frame, i.e., a previously encoded frame is used for prediction (forward prediction). **B**: bidirectional predicted frame, i.e., not only a previously shown frame but also a frame of the future is used for prediction (forward, backward or interpolated predic‐ tion). ### --cross-B-search Instead of using exhaustive search the "Cross-B-Search" algorithm is used to find the best interpolated prediction of B-frames. ### --B-as-past-ref Also use previously encoded B-frames when prediction the current frame. If this option is not set, only I- and P-frames are used to predict the current frame. ## EXAMPLES pnmtofiasco < foo.ppm >foo.wfa Compress the still image "foo.ppm" to the FIASCO file "foo.wfa" using the default op‐ tions. pnmtofiasco -2 -p "IBBPBBPBB" -fps 15 -o video.wfa foo0*.ppm Compress the video frames "foo0*.ppm" to the FIASCO file "video.wfa" using half pixel precise motion compensation at a frame rate of 15 frames per second. Intra frame 1 is used to predict P-frame 4, frames 1 and 4 are used to predict B-frames 2 and 3, and so on. Frame 10 is again an intra-frame. ## FILES ### /etc/system.fiascorc The systemwide initialization file. $HOME**/.fiascorc** The personal initialization file. ## ENVIRONMENT **FIASCO**___**IMAGES** Search path for image files. Default is "./". **FIASCO**___**DATA** Search and save path for FIASCO files. Default is "./". ## SEE ALSO [**fiascotopnm**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/fiascotopnm/1/markdown), [**ppmtojpeg**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ppmtojpeg/1/markdown), [**pnmtojbig**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pnmtojbig/1/markdown), [**ppmtogif**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ppmtogif/1/markdown), [**pnm**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pnm/5/markdown) Ullrich Hafner, Juergen Albert, Stefan Frank, and Michael Unger. **Weighted** **Finite** **Automata** **for** **Video** **Compression**, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas In Communications, January 1998 Ullrich Hafner. **Low** **Bit-Rate** **Image** **and** **Video** **Coding** **with** **Weighted** **Finite** **Automata**, Ph.D. the‐ sis, Mensch & Buch Verlag, ISBN 3-89820-002-7, October 1999. ## AUTHOR Ullrich Hafner <> July 12, 2000 [pnmmtofiasco(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pnmmtofiasco/1/markdown)